Gaoligongshan National Nature Reserve

Gaoligong Mountain, located on the West Bank of Nujiang River, is an important part of the world natural heritage of three parallel rivers. Gaoli is a transliteration of the name of a Jingpo family. "Gong" means "mountain" in Jingpo language, and Gaoligong means "mountain of Gaoli family". From north to south, Gaoligong Mountain crosses Gongshan, Fugong and Lushui counties of Nujiang Prefecture, two counties of Tengchong County of Baoshan and Longyang District of Baoshan. Gaoligong Mountain, which spans five latitudes, is the only area on the earth where there is a transition from humid tropical forest to temperate forest. It is the hometown of eight famous flowers in Yunnan, where all kinds of rare wild animals and plants are gathered. A big tree Rhododendron with the reputation of "king of Rhododendron in the world" blooms more than 40000 every year, and the spectacular blooming landscape is shocking. In addition, Gaoligong Mountain, which is full of waterfalls, springs, snow mountains and lakes, is also the distribution place of fiery mountains and hot seas. The beautiful scenery makes it a photographer and apprentice A paradise for walkers.

Gaoligongshan National Nature Reserve

Gaoligongshan National Nature Reserve is located in Baoshan City and Lushui County in the northwest of Yunnan Province, on the West Bank of Nujiang River, between 24 ° 56 ′～ 28 ° 23 ′ N and 98 ° 08 ′～ 98 ° 53 ′ E. With a total area of 405549hm2, it is the largest nature reserve in Yunnan Province. It is a national nature reserve for forest and wildlife, with the purpose of protecting biology, climate, natural landscape of vertical band spectrum, various vegetation types and a variety of rare and endangered animals and plants.

Gaoligongshan National Nature Reserve is known as the "World species gene bank" and the World Biosphere Reserve for its biodiversity. In 1986, it was approved as a national nature reserve by the State Council.

Historical evolution

In 1983, with the approval of the people's Government of Yunnan Province, Gaoligong Mountain Nature Reserve was established in Tengchong County, Longyang District of Baoshan City and Lushui County of Nujiang Prefecture.

In 1986, it was approved by the State Council as a national nature reserve with a total management area of 124459hm 2. With the approval of Yunnan Provincial People's government, Gongshan and Fugong management offices have been established.

In 2000, with the approval of the State Council, the Nujiang Provincial Nature Reserve in the north section was incorporated into Gaoligongshan National Nature Reserve, becoming the largest forest and Wildlife Nature Reserve in Yunnan Province from the north to Tibet.

In 1992, the World Wildlife Fund (WWF) listed Gaoligong Mountain Nature Reserve as a class a nature reserve of international significance.

In 1997, 17 key regions with global significance for biodiversity conservation in China were identified in the report on the national conditions of biodiversity in China. Among them, Gaoligong Mountain is an important part of the south section of Hengduan Mountain.

In 2000, he joined the world man and biosphere network with the approval of UNESCO.

geographical environment

position

Gaoligongshan National Nature Reserve is located in Northwest Yunnan, between 24 ° 56 ′ - 28 ° 23 ′ N and 98 ° 08 ′ - 98 ° 53 ′ E.

The reserve is composed of three sections which are not connected with each other in North, middle and south. The north section is located in Gongshan County, between 27 ゜ 30 ′～ 28 ゜ 23 ′ n, 98 ゜ 08 ′～ 98 ゜ 38 ′ e, the middle section is in Fugong County and Lushui County, between 26 ゜ 23 ′～ 26 ゜ 49 ′ n, 98 ゜ 44 ′～ 98 ゜ 53 ′ e, and the south section (Nujiang area) is in Lushui County, between 25 ゜ 33 ′～ 26 ′ n It is between ゜ 09 ′ and 98 ゜ 36 ′ - 98 ゜ 50 ′ E.

climate

Gaoligong Mountain is steep with undulating peaks, forming a unique three-dimensional climate of "one mountain is divided into four seasons, ten miles in different days". The annual average temperature of the climate is about 15, and the valley has a dry and hot climate due to the action of the foehn wind. The climate at the top of the mountain is bad and the temperature is low. Although the annual precipitation on the East and West slopes is different, it is more than 3000 mm, and there is more precipitation on the windward side. The precipitation on the two slopes increases with the elevation, and the maximum precipitation on the top of the mountain can reach 3600 mm.

Geology and geomorphology

Because the Nujiang River is deeply cut, the relative height is very high. The mountain is steep and dangerous. It is a fault block mountain divided by rivers after the crustal uplift. It is mostly composed of metamorphic rocks, and there is a large area of magmatic rocks in the lower part.

Protected objects

Gaoligong Mountain Nature Reserve is a national forest and Wildlife Nature Reserve, which aims to protect biology, climate, natural landscape of vertical band spectrum, various vegetation types and a variety of rare and endangered animals and plants. The main protected objects are the forest vertical natural landscape dominated by humid evergreen broad-leaved forest, alpine temperate and cold temperate coniferous forest; forest ecosystem with complete biodiversity; rare animals and plants and endemic species.

Botany

There are 4303 species of seed plants belonging to 1086 genera of 210 families in the reserve, of which 434 are endemic to Gaoligong Mountain. There are 4 national first-class protected plants, including Taxus himalayana, Taxus yunnanensis, Magnolia leiocarpus, Davidia involucrata, 20 national second-class protected plants, including Taiwania flousiana, Alsophila spinulosa, Dongzong, Cephalotaxus gongshanensis, Picea youmaidiao, decadentate flower, Ilex aquatica, Magnolia officinalis gongshanensis, Manglietia Manglietia, and 30 provincial-level protected plants. There are 582 species of vertebrates in 106 families of 36 orders.

animal

There are 582 species of vertebrates in 106 families of 36 orders. Among them, there are 116 species belonging to 81 genera and 29 families in 9 orders of mammals, 343 species belonging to 4 subfamilies and 52 families in 18 orders of birds, 28 species and subspecies belonging to 7 families and 2 orders of amphibians, 48 species and subspecies belonging to 9 families and 3 orders of reptiles and 47 species and subspecies belonging to 28 genera and 9 families in 5 orders of fishes. There are 20 species of national first-class protected animals, including langur, gibbon, bear monkey, takin, leopard and pheasant; 47 species of national second-class protected animals, including red panda, pangolin, iguana, black necked cormorant, alpine vulture, blood pheasant, grey crane and red wart salamander; and 5 species of provincial protected animals. In addition, Nujiang snub nosed monkey, a new member of snub nosed monkey family, was found in the reserve in 2011.

In November 2017, during the biodiversity survey and monitoring in Gaoligongshan National Nature Reserve, Yunnan Province, a red gazelle was photographed in the field. After expert identification, the gazelle is a new record species of Chinese mammals, red gazelle. This batch of field image data will provide valuable information for the study of red gazelle. According to the description of the third edition of the world list of mammal species, the red hyenas is a separate species of the genus Artiodactyla, mainly distributed in northern Myanmar, and there is no exact record of this species in China

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Scope of protection

Gaoligongshan National Nature Reserve, with a total area of 405200hm ~ 2, is the largest nature reserve in Yunnan Province, of which 323685hm ~ 2 is located in Nujiang Prefecture, accounting for 79.9% of the total area of the reserve. The core area is 183789.5hm2, accounting for 45.3% of the total area of the nature reserve; the buffer area is 142611.5hm2, accounting for 35.2% of the total area of the nature reserve; the experimental area is 79148hm2, accounting for 19.5% of the total area of the nature reserve.

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Gaoligongshan National Nature Reserve involves Gongshan, Fugong and Lushui counties in Nujiang Prefecture, and Longyang and Tengchong counties in Baoshan City. Among them, Gongshan County has Dulongjiang, Bingzhongluo, Cikai and Bangda townships; Fugong County has jiakedi, zilijia and Pihe townships; Lushui county has luobenzhuo, Gudeng, Shangjiang, Liuku, luzhang and Pianma townships; Longyang District has Lujiang and Mangkuan townships; Tengchong County has Mingguang, Jietou, Qushi and Shangying townships. The biological corridor belongs to Puladi Township in Gongshan County; Maji, Lishadi, lumadeng, lazhudi and other townships in Fugong County; luobenzhuo and Chengjia townships in Lushui County; Wuhe Township in Tengchong County; Lujiang Township in Longyang District

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Management measures

Gaoligong Mountain area was planned as a nature reserve in 1958, but it was not implemented for various reasons. In 1962, the middle and lower part of the forest was classified as village collective forest, and the middle and upper part of the forest was classified as state-owned forest. In 1983, a nature reserve was established. In 1984, Baoshan, Tengchong and Lushui management offices and forest police stations were successively established. In 1994, the Ministry of forestry approved the implementation of the first phase of the master plan. Baoshan City and Nujiang Prefecture established Baoshan administration and Nujiang administration respectively. In 1995, Baoshan Management Bureau, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Yunnan Academy of Forestry Sciences, with the support of MacArthur Foundation and Yunnan Provincial Science and Technology Commission, implemented the project of "forest resources management and biodiversity protection of Gaoligong Mountain" in Baihualing, Mangkuan Township, Baoshan City, and established the first farmers' Protection Association in China, Gaoligong farmers' Biodiversity Protection Association. In 1996, with the support of the Ministry of forestry and the provincial forestry department, the Sino Dutch cooperative forest protection and community development project funded by the Dutch government was implemented. The development of the international cooperation project promoted the community development, institutional capacity-building, and personnel quality improvement of the reserve. The forest co management committee was established with 34 surrounding villages.

Development and utilization

scientific research

An Englishman

Chinese PinYin : Gao Li Gong Shan Guo Jia Ji Zi Ran Bao Hu Qu