xiaoxi nature reserve

Xiaoxi National Nature Reserve

synonym

Xiaoxi nature reserve generally refers to Xiaoxi National Nature Reserve

Xiaoxi ecotourism scenic spot is located in Yongshun County, Western Hunan Province, at the western end of Wuling Mountain. The area is 7220 hectares. There are more than 1500 species of plants in the reserve, including 419 woody plants. There are 208 species of vertebrates.

Historical evolution

The nature reserve was established in 1982 and approved as a National Nature Reserve in June 2001.

Since its establishment in 1982, the nature reserve has carried out patrol work to combat poaching and prevent indiscriminate excavation and mining. The field work was mainly carried out until the end of 1998. During 1984-1987, the biological and ecological research work of giant panda and Asian black bear was carried out in the nature reserve in cooperation with the World Conservation Fund. Since 1999, the nature reserve has been in the provincial forest Under the guidance of the Department of industry and in cooperation with WWF, the giant panda and its habitat monitoring work has started, which is also the first field monitoring work in China since the establishment of the nature reserve.

Since 2000, protected areas have been included in the natural forest protection project, and China's protected areas have carried out field patrol work with natural forest protection as an important content.

Since 2001, German GTZ project, German KfW project and GEF project have been carried out in the area. The community-based protection concept has been gradually introduced into the protection and management activities of China's nature reserves. Many community works have been carried out in the surrounding communities, such as monitoring of crops harmed by wildlife, environmental education, community economic survey, and supporting the economic development of surrounding communities Continuously improve the level of protection and management of the reserve.

Since 2001, we have cooperated to carry out the field infrared camera placement and the ecological research of Asian black bear (the project is still in progress), and carried out several training courses on wildlife protection and management in the reserve, and trained a large number of business backbones for several reserves.

geographical environment

position

The nature reserve is located in Yongshun County, Western Hunan Province, at the western end of Wuling Mountain.

topographic features

The normal landform (eroded water landform) and karst landform are developed at the same time in the area. The river erosion and cutting are strong, the ground is green and broken, and the fluctuation is large. It is of various types, such as mountain, mountain plain, hill, hillock and inclined valley. In the horizontal direction, from the valley of sand shale erosion structure in the northwest to the original mountain of carbonate rock dissolution structure in the middle, and then to the middle mountain of metamorphic rock erosion structure in the southeast, there are alternate mountains and valleys, parallel arrangement and obvious horizontal regional differentiation rules; in the vertical direction, with the increase of terrain, there are multiple layers from modern river bed and valley plain to hillock and hill, and then to mountain plain And layered distribution.

Yonglong mountain is located in the northwest of the county and Renren mountain is in the southeast. Among them, Puan mountain, Wanfu mountain, Panlong mountain, sifangjie mountain, Yangfeng mountain and fangshiyan mountain are connected in a zigzag way, forming an oblique "s" shape. According to this, the terrain descends to Lishui in the northeast and Youshui in the south, forming an asymmetric "saddle" landform. The highest Yangfeng mountain is 1437.9 meters above sea level, and the lowest Mingxi River, liyuping, is 162.6 meters above sea level, with a height difference of 1275.3 meters and a terrain gradient of 44.6%.

The nature reserve is a deep cut mountain area with undulating mountains and complex strike. The strata are mainly metamorphic rocks.

climate

The annual average temperature of the climate is 11-12 ℃, the frost free period is 250 days in the lower part and 200 days in the area above 800 meters; the annual precipitation is 1300-1400mm, with high humidity and many clouds.

soil

The parent material of the soil is sand shale with high fertility, which is suitable for forest growth.

hydrology

Yuquan stream and Xiaocha stream run through the whole area and flow into Youshui River after confluence.

area covered

The total area is 26347.6 hectares, including 9933 hectares of core area and 2223500 cubic meters of forest volume. The reserve has been divided into core area and peripheral area. It has jurisdiction over 19 administrative villages, 88 villager groups, 2163 households and 8572 people. It is one of the 200 ecosystems under the global key protection. It is the only low-altitude evergreen broad-leaved primary secondary forest that is rare in the world, unique in China, and the only surviving one in the 13 provinces of central and southern China.

Protection target

Protected objects

It mainly protects the mountain evergreen broad-leaved forest ecosystem.

plant resources

There are more than 1500 kinds of plants in the reserve. There are 419 species of woody plants. The traffic in the area is closed, and the original low mountain broad-leaved forest is well protected, which is rare in the middle subtropical zone. Evergreen broad-leaved forests are mostly distributed at 400-800 meters above sea level. In the valley, Castanopsis mollissima, Machilus Yichang, houhuanxi, and Castanopsis fargesii are the main species. On the hillside, Castanopsis eyrei, Lithocarpus fissa, Castanopsis fargesii, Schima superba and Liquidambar formosana are the main species. There are many lianas in the forest, and there are thick vines twining on the big trees. It is a multi-level and multi species mixed forest. The forest looks neat. It is a coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest with Pinus massoniana and Cunninghamia lanceolata as the first forest layer, in which there are many ancient Cunninghamia lanceolata with large enclosure. Besides the evergreen trees dominated by Lauraceae, Theaceae, Fagaceae and Magnoliaceae, there are many deciduous tree species of lacqueraceae, Aceraceae, Tiliaceae, Salicaceae, Ulmaceae, Eucommiaceae, lianxiangshuke, Rubiaceae, Davidia involucrata, Juglandaceae and Betulaceae, which are the origin of 21 plant type specimens, such as Cyclobalanopsis glauca and Quercus glauca. There are 18 species of rare and endangered plants under state protection, of which Davidia involucrata is the first class; Manglietia patungensis, Ginkgo biloba, Cymbidium glauca, Bole tree, Lianxiang tree, xiangguoshu, Eucommia ulmoides and Liriodendron are the second class; Phoebe Phoebe, Phoebe bournei, pseudotsuia fortunei, Yinque tree, Linchun tree, Baixin tree, Corylus heterophylla are the third class. There are more than 150 kinds of fiber plants, 120 kinds of oil plants, 100 kinds of dried fruits and more than 100 kinds of spice plants in the area. Changbao fir is mainly distributed on steep cliffs above 900 meters above sea level. It is very resistant to drought and barren. Silver magpie trees are mostly distributed in the hillside valleys below 800 meters above sea level, with small crown width and massive distribution. Zhuping village has a large ginkgo tree, 30 meters high and 1.4 meters at breast height. There are 16 species of Phoebe in the area, such as Phoebe bournei, Phoebe xiangensis, Phoebe purpurea, Phoebe bournei, Phoebe runnanensis and so on. Therefore, it has the reputation of "the hometown of Phoebe bournei". Monkey joy: Du Yingke. Evergreen trees, up to 12 m high. The leaves gather on the upper part of the twig, and the flowers are green and white, with several flowers at the top of the twig or in the axils of the upper part of the twig. Capsule woody, ovoid, densely hairy, divided into five or six valves. The seed has yellow aril. Wood is used for board, appliance, etc.

Animal resources

There are 208 species of vertebrates, belonging to 23 orders and 70 families, 738 species of insects, 19 orders and 144 families, 159 species of natural enemies, including leopard, clouded leopard, white necked pheasant and other national first and second level protected animals. The key protected animals of the state include Black Musk Deer at the first level and forest musk deer and tiger frog at the second level. Musk deer is the smallest species of musk deer. The body length is about 70 cm, the shoulder height is 47 cm, and the weight is about 7 kg. Both sexes have no horns; the ears are long and erect, and the ends are slightly rounded. The upper canine teeth of male musk deer are well developed, bending backward and downward, extending out of the lip; there are musk sacs in front of the abdominal genitalia, with thick and short tail and developed tail fat glands. The limbs are slender and the hind limbs are longer than the forelimbs. The body hair is thick and hard, dark, olive brown, and dyed orange red. The lower jaw, throat, neck and chest are well-defined white or orange areas. The color of buttock hair is nearly black, and the adult does not have spots. Some people think that it is a subspecies of musk deer.

Living in coniferous forest, coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest. He has a timid disposition. Living alone; having a good sense of smell and quick action. With the change of climate and feed, it migrates vertically. Most of the food was shrub twigs and leaves. During the period of November to December, the male and female are in the same group, and there is a fierce fight between the male and female. The gestation period is 6 months, with 1-3 offspring per fetus. The musk produced by male musk deer is a kind of precious traditional Chinese medicine and high-grade perfume.

ecological value

Xiaoxi National Nature Reserve has high scientific research value. It is the only natural resource treasure house of primary secondary forest in 13 provinces of central and southern China, which is protected from Quaternary glaciers. The scenic spot is an eco-tourism area with the features of primitive secondary forest, canyon and peak forest landscape. The forest sea is vast, the trees are luxuriant, the forest coverage rate reaches 92.5%, the concentration of negative oxygen ion is high, the air is fresh, and the environment is pleasant. Among the crevices in the forest, there are dangerous Gorges, deep streams, waterfalls, flowing springs, strange peaks, birds singing and apes singing. Occasionally, there are one or two Tujia wooden buildings, chickens singing and dogs barking, and the folk customs are simple. Xiaoxi ecotourism scenic spot is an ideal resort for leisure and adventure because of its primitive natural and cultural scenery.

Management organization

Through years of experience in protection and management, the reserve has gradually established a set of relatively perfect protection and management system.

There are four departments in the reserve, namely, protection section, three protection stations, science and education section, project office and forest police station, all of which are engaged in front-line protection management. The specific division of labor is as follows: protection section, including three protection stations, with a total of 13 people, is responsible for natural forest management, wildlife protection patrol, forest fire prevention and biodiversity monitoring. Science and education, 6

Chinese PinYin : Xiao Xi Zi Ran Bao Hu Qu