Chengde Summer Resort

Chengde summer resort is a famous tourist attraction in China, a world cultural heritage, a national AAAAA tourist attraction, a national key cultural relics protection unit, and one of the four famous gardens in China. Chengde summer resort, also known as "Chengde Palace" or "Rehe Palace", is located in the north of Chengde City Center in Hebei Province, on the narrow valley along the West Bank of WuLie river. It is a place for the Qing emperors to spend summer and deal with government affairs. The summer resort was built in 1703. It took 89 years to complete after the reign of Emperor Kangxi, Emperor Yongzheng and Emperor Qianlong. The summer resort, with the style of simple and elegant villages and wild interests, takes the nature of natural landscape and absorbs the scenery of the South and north of the Yangtze River. It has become the largest ancient imperial palace in China. The summer resort is divided into four parts: palace area, Lake area, plain area and mountain area. The whole resort is rich in water in the southeast and mountainous in the northwest. It is the epitome of China's natural landscape, a brilliant milestone in the history of Chinese garden, a masterpiece of Chinese classical garden art, and the highest example of Chinese classical garden. On March 4, 1961, the summer resort was announced as the first batch of national key cultural relics protection units. Together with the summer palace, Humble Administrator's garden and Liuyuan, it was named as China's four famous gardens. It was listed in the world heritage list in December 1994. On September 29, 2019, Hebei Province organized a review of some A-level scenic spots in the province. After deliberation, 84 A-level scenic spots such as Chengde summer resort were criticized and ordered to rectify within a time limit of 6 months.

Garden scenic spot

The architectural layout of Chengde summer resort can be divided into two parts: palace area and garden area. Garden scenic area can be divided into Lake area, plain area and mountain area.

The plain area is located in the north of the villa, covering an area of 607000 square meters. The plain area is mainly grassland and forest. It is divided into western grassland and Eastern woodland. The main part of the grassland is the shimatai, where the emperor held horse racing activities. Woodland, known as wanshuyuan, is one of the important political activity centers in the summer resort. At that time, there was Wanshu garden, in which there were 28 yurts of different specifications. One of the largest is the yulie yurt, which is 7 Zhang 2 feet in diameter. It is the emperor's temporary palace. Qianlong often summoned princes, nobles, religious leaders and foreign envoys of ethnic minorities here. On the west side of Wanshu garden is Wenjin Pavilion, one of the four famous Royal libraries in China. In addition, there are Yongyou temple, chunhaoxuan, Suyun eaves and other buildings dotted between grassland and woodland.

The mountain area is located in the northwest of the villa, covering an area of 4.435 million square meters. The relative elevation difference is 180 meters, forming a landscape surrounded by peaks and crisscross color valleys. The temples around the summer resort cover an area of 472000 square meters. There are 12 magnificent and magnificent Lama temples, including Boren temple, Boshan temple, Pule temple, Anyuan temple, Puning Temple, Puyou temple, Guangyuan temple, Xumi Fushou temple, Putuo Zongcheng temple, Guang'an temple, luohantang temple, and Shuxiang temple. It is the important mission of the Qing government to appease the Mongolian, Tibetan and other ethnic minorities in Northwest China and strengthen border management The royal temple that was built. The concentration of temples, the grand scale, the exquisite architecture, and the superb manufacturing skills of a large number of Buddha statues and sacrificial vessels make it one of the holy places of Tibetan Buddhism. Many gardens in the mountain area were destroyed before liberation, but the scenery in the mountain area is still charming. From the pavilion, you can see the scenic spots of the villa, several big temples outside the villa, and the strange peaks and rocks in the mountains around Chengde city.

The lake area is located in the southeast of the villa, covering an area of 496000 square meters. There are eight lakes, namely West Lake, Chenghu lake, Ruyi lake, Shanghu Lake, xiahu lake, Yinhu lake, Jinghu Lake and Banyue lake, which are collectively referred to as Saihu lake. Most of the scenic buildings in the lake area are modeled after the famous places in the south of the Yangtze River. For example, the "Yanyu building" is modeled after the shape of Nanhu Yanyu building in Jiaxing, Zhejiang Province. The layout of Jinshan island is imitated from Jinshan, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province. The two islands in the lake have two groups of buildings, one called "Ruyi island" and the other called "Moonlight River sound". "Ruyi island" has rockeries, pavilions, halls, temples, pools and other buildings with ingenious layout. It is the center of the scenic spot. "Moonlight River sound" is composed of an exquisite courtyard and several pavilions and halls. Every night when the moon goes up to Dongshan, Jiaojie's Moonlight reflects the calm water of the lake.

The overall structure of the lake area is surrounded by mountains and water, and the layout uses traditional Chinese gardening techniques to form the composition of the fairy world in Chinese myths and legends. Many groups of buildings are skillfully constructed in islands, embankments and water surface, showing a water scenery. Most of the scenic buildings in the lake area are modeled after the famous places in the south of the Yangtze River. For example, "Yanyu building" is modeled after the shape of Nanhu Yanyu building in Jiaxing, Zhejiang Province. The layout of Jinshan island is imitated from Jinshan, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province. The plain area is mainly grassland and forest. At that time, there was wanshuyuan, which was composed of four gullies from south to north, namely hazelnut Valley, songlinyu, lishuyu and songyunxia. Among the mountains, the ancient pines are towering and the trees are luxuriant. There were more than 40 groups of xuanzhai pavilions, Buddhist temples and Taoist temples, but most of them have only the base site.

Palace District

The palace area is located in the south of the villa, covering 102000 square meters. The main palace is the main building in the palace area, including nine courtyards, which are divided into two parts: "former dynasty" and "later bedroom". The main hall is called "Danbo Jingcheng", which is built with precious nanmu, so it is also called nanmu hall. The palace area was the place where the Qing emperor listened to the government, held the grand ceremony and lived. The architectural style is simple and elegant, but it does not lose the dignity of the imperial palace. The main palace is now a museum, displaying palace relics left over from the Qing Dynasty. There are more than 20000 precious cultural relics in Zhenggong district. "Yanbo Zhishuang" hall is a five bay bungalow.

The palace area is located in the south of the summer resort, with plain area and Lake area in the northeast and mountainous area in the northwest. The main building is in the middle, the subsidiary buildings are on both sides, basically balanced and symmetrical, make full use of the natural environment and transform, make the natural landscape and cultural landscape clever combination, make the summer resort palace architecture garden, and show the style of the royal garden. The palace area is composed of four groups of buildings: the main palace (designated as the summer resort Museum), songhezhai, Donggong (destroyed) and Wanhe SONGFENG.

Seventy two scenes

The summer resort is one of the three ancient buildings in China. Its biggest feature is that there are gardens in the mountains and mountains in the gardens. There are more than 120 groups of large and small buildings. Among them, 36 scenes are composed of Kangxi four characters and 36 scenes are composed of Qianlong three characters. This is the famous 72 scenes of the resort. The 36 scenes named in Kangxi Dynasty are as follows:

Yanbo Zhishuang, Zhijing Yundi, Wushu Qingliang, Yanxun mountain Pavilion, Shuifang rock show, Wanhe SONGFENG, Songhe Qingyue, Yunshan resort, simian Yunshan, Beizhen Shuangfeng, Xiling Chenxia, zuifeng luozhao, Nanshan snow, pear moon, Qushui Hexiang, Fengquan Qingting, Haopu Jianxiang, Tianyu Xianchang, Wenliu xuanbo, quanyuanshibi, Qingfeng Lvyu, Yingqu arbor, xiangyuanyiqing, Jinxiang Lianyingri, yuanjinquansheng, Yunfan Yuefang, Fangzhu Linliu, Yunrong Shuishi, Chengquan Huanshi, Chengbo Diecui, Shiji Guanyu, jingshuiyuncen, Shuanghu Jiajing, Changhong yinlian, Futian congyue, shuiliuyunzai.

The 36 scenes named in the Qianlong Dynasty are as follows:

Lizhengmen, qinzhengdian, songhezhai, Ruyi lake, qingquefang, qiwanglou, reindeer slope, shuixinxie, yizhitang, changyuantai, jinghaotang, lengxiangting, cailingdu, guanliansuo, qinghuiting, prajnasan, canglangyu, yipianyun, pingxiangpan, wanshuyuan, shimadai, jiashuxuan, lechengge, suyunyan, chengguanzhai, cuiyunyan, huihuachuang, lingtaixu, Qianchixue Quiet studio, yuqinxuan, linfangshu, zhiyufan, yongcuiyan, sushangzhai, yongtianju.

Song he Zhai

During the reign of Emperor Kangxi, the Empress Dowager later lived in Songhe Qingyue in Xiyu. In 1749, Emperor Qianlong built another group of buildings with eight entrances to the east of the main palace, named songhezhai, for the Empress Dowager to live in. At that time, the pine and crane studio "common pine flat outdoor, more happy White Crane Dance in front of the court.". There are reindeer in the courtyard. After Suicheng hall, there are 15 rooms, three gates and seven main halls. It is called leshoutang, and later renamed yuexingju. It is the Empress Dowager's bedroom. The Suicheng hall, the fifteen rooms and the gate hall have long since disappeared. Only the base site of leshoutang was left, and it was rebuilt in 1998.

empress

It is the main building in the palace area. The main palace was built from the 50th to 52th year of Kangxi, and rebuilt in the 19th year of Qianlong (1754), covering an area of 10000 square meters. It includes Jiujin courtyard, which is composed of Li main gate, Meridian Gate, Yue shooting, Danbo Jingcheng hall, Sizhi library, 19 photo rooms, Yanbo Zhishuang hall, Yunshan resort building, Xiuyun gate, some court rooms, side halls and corridors. It is divided into two parts: the former dynasty and the later Dynasty. The former dynasty was the office area for the emperor to deal with military affairs; the latter was the daily living area for the emperor and his concubines. The main hall is called "Danbo Jingcheng", which is built with precious nanmu, so it is also called nanmu hall. It was the place where the emperor ruled the government, and all kinds of grand ceremonies were held here.

Donggong

In the east of songhezhai, the terrain is lower than Zhenggong and songhezhai. In front of the East Palace, there is another gate on the wall, which is called Dehui gate. It is the gate of Chongtai City, and its shape is similar to that of Lizheng gate. After entering Dehui gate. The main buildings on the central axis are seven gate halls, eleven main halls, Qingyin Pavilion, Fushou Pavilion, qinzheng hall and juan'a Shengjing hall. In 1945, the Japanese invaded Chengde and burned the east palace to celebrate the victory. Only the base site remains. Qingyin Pavilion is commonly known as the Grand Theater. It is similar to the existing Changyin Pavilion in the Forbidden City and Zhongde Heyuan theater in the summer palace. The pavilion is three stories high and has a magnificent appearance.

Wanhe SONGFENG Hall

The main hall of Wanhe SONGFENG. Emperor Kangxi often met officials here, read memorials, read and write. In 1722, Kangxi discovered that Hongli (Emperor Qianlong), the fourth son of the fourth son of emperor Heshuo and Prince Yongyin, was clever and liked very much, so he ordered Hongli to be sent to the imperial palace

Chinese PinYin : Cheng De Bi Shu Shan Zhuang