Dongpo Chibi

Dongpo Chibi

Dongpo Chibi, also known as Huangzhou Chibi, wenchibi, commonly known as Chibi Park, is located in the northwest of the ancient city of Huangzhou, Gongyuan Road, Huanggang City, Hubei Province. Because there are rocks protruding like the city wall, the color is ochre red, so it is called Chibi. It is famous for Su Shi's niannujiao Chibi nostalgia, former Chibi Fu and later Chibi Fu.

Chibi is known as "picturesque scenery". Dongpo Chibi is a national key cultural relic protection unit, a national AAAA tourist attraction

Provincial scenic spots. It is a scenic spot integrating cultural relics protection, landscape sightseeing, human experience, leisure and other entertainment functions. Dongpo Chibi has always been the symbol of Huanggang, and the logo of Huanggang tourism promotion is also adopted in Dongpo Chibi.

As the Yangtze River has changed its course for many times in history, it is impossible to see the magnificent scenes of "the river goes to the East, the waves are washed out" and "the waves are breaking on the bank, and thousands of piles of snow are rolled up". However, through a new round of expansion and reconstruction projects, this scene will be in front of tourists again.

geographical environment

Located in the west of Huangzhou City, Hubei Province, also known as wenchibi. There are "niannujiao. Chibi nostalgia" written by Su Shi in cursive script and "Mantingfang. Coming back" written when he bid farewell to huangzhougu.

Dongpo Chibi scenic area is divided into historic sites, water, mountain forest, animals and plants, recreation area, business service area, resort area, square area, etc., and its scenic spots are divided into "moon wave", "Qixia Yishuang", "Dongpo Wentian", "Longgushan pine", "bamboo tower night rain", "Jinghu Lotus", "cable bridge waterfall" and "Chibi" "Sunset" and other 30 major attractions.

In the early years of the Western Jin Dynasty, Kuai Si, a general of longyi, built the Jiangguan in memory of the Red Cliff war of the Three Kingdoms. During the period of Yuanfeng sanshang (1080) in the Northern Song Dynasty, when Su Shi was relegated to Huangzhou, he visited Chibi and wrote "Fu of former Chibi" and "Fu of later Chibi". After the construction of a number of memorial buildings. At the end of the Southern Song Dynasty, it was destroyed by war, and it was destroyed and built again and again in yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties. It is built on the mountain and covers an area of about 30000 square meters. There are Erfu hall, Poxian Pavilion, Shuixian Pavilion, Wenhe Pavilion, sprinkling River Pavilion, Fanggui Pavilion, Yishuang tower, Hanhui tower, Liuxian Pavilion, niaoshi tower, Qixia tower, etc.

Main attractions

Er Fu Tang

It was built in the early Qing Dynasty and rebuilt in the seventh year of tongzhi (AD 1868). It got its name from commemorating Su Shi's two Fu poems on Chibi. In the middle of the hall, the wooden wall is about two feet high. On the front, there is the former Chibi Fu, written in regular script by Cheng Zhizhen of the Qing Dynasty. On the back, there is the later Chibi Fu, written by Li Kai, a famous calligrapher in modern times. Each of the two woodcuts is more than three inches in diameter. The former is bold and handsome, while the latter is vigorous and powerful. The plaque of Er Fu Tang was inscribed by Li Hongzhang of Qing Dynasty. The couplet in front of the hall was written by Huang Xing, leader of the 1911 Revolution. Inside the hall are two Fu and couplets written by Xu Shichang, the provisional president of the Republic of China.

Liuxian Pavilion

It was built in the 10th year of Guangxu reign of Qing Dynasty (1884 AD) and completed on December 19, the birthday of Su Shi. The original statue of Su Shi sitting in the pavilion was named "Liuxian Pavilion" after the meaning of Po Xianchang staying in the pavilion. In this pavilion, there are 12 inscriptions of calligraphy and painting of celebrities of all ages, which are always paid attention to by calligraphers and painters.

Yishuanglou

It was built in 1925. Su Zhe, Su Shi's younger brother, once described "washing the clear stream of the Yangtze River and flowing the white clouds of the western mountains" in Huangzhou Kuaiya Pavilion, hence the name of the building.

Poxian Pavilion

Poxian Pavilion is located in Jitou, Chibi. There are 26 pieces of calligraphy and painting inscriptions on three walls of the pavilion. Among them, 14 pieces of Su Shi's calligraphy and painting inscriptions are the most popular. It is because of these precious calligraphy and painting inscriptions that Poxian Pavilion becomes one of the most important pavilions in red cliff of Dongpo.

Sprinkling Pavilion

Sajiang pavilion was built in the Song Dynasty. Its original name is Samu Pavilion, which takes the meaning of Su Shi's poem "a bottle of wine returns to the moon of Sajiang". There are 14 pieces of calligraphy and painting inscriptions embedded in the Sajiang Pavilion, among which the Red Cliff Fu written by Kangxi and ye Zhishen of Qing Dynasty are the most famous. This pavilion was rebuilt in the seventh year of Tongzhi reign of the Qing Dynasty.

Stele Pavilion

On the four walls of the pavilion, there are 126 steles named Jingsu garden stickers, which were created by Yang shouchang and selected by Yang Shoujing. The stone inscriptions of Jing Su Yuan tie are divided into six volumes, of which 119 are written by Su Shi, and the other 7 are inscriptions and postscripts of celebrities. The stone inscriptions of Jingsu yuantie are the most well preserved stele forest with the most handwritten works of Su Shi in China.

Qixia building

Qixia building is one of the four famous buildings in Huangzhou in Song Dynasty. It is located at the highest place in Chibi and has the reputation of "Jianghuai juesheng". Because the building back mountain river, sunset red river, reflecting the building body, such as Xia Guiqi, so named Qixia building. The name of the building is Mao Dun's personal title.

On May 25, 2006, as a cultural relic from Tang Dynasty to Qing Dynasty, Dongpo Chibi was approved by the State Council to be listed in the Sixth Batch of national key cultural relics protection units.

Shi Zi Zang

It is also known as Shizi funeral. In ancient times, it was a place where paper with characters was burned, similar to a censer. In ancient times, in places and palaces where writing style was popular, a special person collected the waste paper, and when the sun set in the west, it was put into the "Zi funeral tower" to burn it, which was called funeral characters. It shows that we attach importance to writing and culture. The ancients advocated that we should not use our feet to write on a piece of paper with handwriting. We should not use the head pillow for books, and we should not use the writing paper as a convenience paper. Otherwise, we will be blind, because it is a waste of saints and sages. ". Word burial behavior reflects people's respect and emotion for culture at that time.

Historical review

On the right side of the square is the exhibition hall of Su Dongpo. In the exhibition hall, we can clearly understand the historical features of "Dongpo Chibi" through a large number of words, books and miniature clay sculptures—— In July 1079 (the 2nd year of Yuanfeng in the Northern Song Dynasty), Su Shi, as the prefect of Huzhou, was impeached by the censor and jailed for writing poems to satirize the new law (Wutai poetry case). After many rescues, he was charged with Deputy envoy of Huangzhou tuanlian. In the first month of the second year of Yuanfeng, Su Shi, who was 45 years old at that time, was escorted out of Bianjing to Huangzhou. His eldest son Su Mai accompanied him on foot, and his family members continued to stay in Nandu (now Shangqiu). During his life in Huangzhou, Su Shi cultivated with a bow, rowed with grass and clogs, set free in the mountains and rivers, and mixed with fishing. He is open-minded and has established deep feelings with the people. In four years and two months, he wrote about 220 poems, 66 Ci poems, 3 Fu poems, 169 Wen Yue poems and 288 letters. This period is also the glorious period of his literary creation. Back out of the exhibition hall, a red brown gravel stone path winds up to the red cliff on the east slope. From a distance, the pavilions and attics of different sizes, antique and well arranged are half hidden in the green. The middle of each stone step has been ground into a depression, which shows how many years it records. On one side of the path is the red and brown cliff, and on the other side is the guardrail made of white jade strips. Under the guardrail are bamboo forests. Bamboo trees stand tall and straight, bamboo leaves rustle in the breeze. It's like greeting visitors warmly. The main gate of Chibi is a square structure. The four characters of "Dongpo Chibi" are inlaid on the top of the lintel. A couplet of "guests come to Huangzhou or from Xiakou West to Wuchang East, born in Chibi, only zhoulang and Suzi visit each other" decorates the gate, giving people an elegant, solemn and unique atmosphere.

The origin of the name

Located in Jitou, Chibi, Huangzhou District, it is also called wenchibi because Su Dongpo, a great writer of the Northern Song Dynasty, wrote the Ci of "reminiscence of Chibi" and the Fu of Chibi before and after. Chibiji is backed by the green mountains and faces the Yangtze River. In the existing Chibi Park, there are scissors peak, white stone turtle, er Fu Tang, Dongpo exhibition hall, Qixia tower, Liuxian Pavilion, beige Pavilion, Sajiang Pavilion, Poxian Pavilion, Shuixian Pavilion, Fanggui Pavilion, and Wenhe Pavilion. To Poxian Pavilion, you can see the stone inscription of Su Shi's poem "reminiscence of the past on Red Cliff". In the ER Fu hall, the wood carvings of Chibi Fu are like pearls. The Dongpo Museum, on the other hand, has a large collection of Su Shi's cultural relics, especially the complete stone carving of Su Dongpo's calligraphy Jingsu yuantie, which can be called a rare treasure. On the crane Pavilion, you can see the zigzag lotus pool under the red cliff, the cherry garden on the southwest bank, the Yangtze River like jade belt, the distant mountains like Mei Dai, and the vast expanse of plain.

Whether this place is the place where the battle of Chibi took place remains to be verified by more historical materials and unearthed cultural relics. The old fortress in niannujiao Chibi nostalgia refers to Huangzhou City. In his letter to his friend fan Zifeng, Su Shi explained: "in Shaoxi of Huangzhou, the foothills of the mountain fight into the river, and the stone chamber is like Dan. It is said that Cao Gong was defeated by the so-called Chibi. Or not. " (book with fan Zifeng) in this passage, the saying that Chibi, defeated by Cao Gong, is in the west of Huangzhou is based on "Chuanyun", that is, hearsay, not on historical records. However, it is said that Chibi is to the east of today's Wuhan. Du Mu of Tang Dynasty and Su Shi of Northern Song Dynasty both regarded chibiji (today's "Dongpo Chibi") in the northwest of Huanggang (ancient Huangzhou) as Chibi, because the cliff here is vertical and red, as if it had been burned by fire. Su Shi's "former Chibi Fu" said: "looking at Xiakou in the west, looking at Wuchang in the East.

Many famous people have visited Chibi since ancient times, such as Li Bai, the great poet of Tang Dynasty, Du Mu, the governor of Huangzhou; Yu Cheng, Han Qi, Su Shi, Su Zhe, Huang Tingjian, Qin Guan, Chao Buzhi, Zhang Lei, Chen Shidao, Lu You, Xin Qiji and Wen Tianxiang, the governor of Huangzhou in Song Dynasty; Yuan Haowen, Zhao Jingwen and Li Chunfu in Yuan Dynasty; Zhang Yining, Fang Xiaoru, Du Xiang, Xie Jin, Li Mengyang, he Jingming in Ming Dynasty Wang Shizhen

Chinese PinYin : Dong Po Chi Bi