Xilamulun River

Xilamulun River, Mongolian, means Yellow River. The North source of the West Liaohe River. It originated in baicaogou, north foot of Hongshan mountain, Keshiketeng Banner, Chifeng City, Daxing'anling mountains. In ancient times, it was called Huangshui, raoleshui, tuhuzhenshui, etc. It has a total length of 380 kilometers, a drainage area of 32171 square kilometers, a total drop of 1134 meters, and more than 800 miles of navigable river. The river flows outside the Bureau, and the river carries yellow sand. There are Chagan Mulun River and shaolang River and other major tributaries.

Xilamulun River

synonym

The Xilamulun River generally refers to the Xilamulun river

Xilamulun River, also written as "Xilamulun River", is the North source of Xiliao River, which means "Yellow River" in Mongolian language. In history, it was once called raole River, Huangshui River, tuhuzhen River, liaoshui River, Daliao River, Juliu River and so on. Lu's spring and Autumn Annals and Huainanzi listed it as one of the six great rivers in China, and Li Daoyuan also recorded it in shuijingzhu. It originates from baicaogou, 1420 meters above sea level, at the northern foot of Dahong mountain, Keshiketeng Banner, Chifeng City, Daxing'anling mountains. It flows through Keshiketeng Banner, Wengniute Banner, Linxi County, Balinyou banner, aruhorqin banner, and converges with Laoha river at the junction of Wengniute Banner and Naiman Banner to form Xiliao River. The river is about 380 km long and covers an area of 32000 square kilometers. The main tributaries are Baicha River, Biliu River, Salang River, Weitang River, Chaganmulun River, shaoleng River (shaolang River), etc.

The total drop of Xilamulun river is 1134 meters, which is concentrated in the upper and middle reaches of the river. With mountains on both sides of the river, Xilamulun river is known as the "Little Three Gorges outside the Great Wall". It is rich in hydropower resources. However, the middle and lower reaches of Xilamulun River have large sediment content, and the water volume changes significantly in flood and dry seasons, which is prone to flood and drought disasters.

The Xilamulun river has nurtured the people of all ethnic groups in its basin with its river water. The prehistoric civilization of Hongshan culture is earlier than that of the Yellow River Basin, and it is known as "grandmother River" by historians. The Qidan people, who founded Liao state, originated in this basin.

There are many irrigation districts, irrigation canals and power stations along the coast of Xilamulun, which are of great value in flood diversion and silting irrigation, tree planting, breeding and power generation. However, the phenomenon of river water cut-off in the lower reaches caused by drought and upstream water interception is also frequent. How to reasonably allocate water resources, realize the balance of water use between upstream and downstream ecology, agriculture and industry, avoid excessive and disorderly development, and make Xilamulun free from the pain of water cut-off, has become a serious problem to be solved.

Business card picture: upper reaches of Xilamulun River

General situation of main stream

Trend of main stream

The trend of Xilamulun is from west to East. It flows through Keshiketeng Banner, Linxi County, Wengniute Banner, Balinyou banner, aruhorqin banner and other counties in Chifeng City, and finally flows into Xiliao River near Daxing Township in the east of Wengniute Banner, with a total length of 387 km (taking Huangyuan as the main source).

Xilamulun River, Mongolian, is named for its yellow color. Rao leshui is called in Qin and Han Dynasties, leshui is called in Three Kingdoms and Western Jin Dynasty, weak and falling water is called in southern and Northern Dynasties, weak and full water is called in Sui and Tang Dynasties, manhe is called in Liao Dynasty (Xiaoluo gewuli is called in Qidan language), and lost menlin is called in Yuan Dynasty. Up to the Qing Dynasty, the Chinese characters include: Xi CI Mulun, Shi lie Mu Lin, Shi La Mo Leng, Shi CI Mulan, Xi La Mulun, etc.

The Xilamulun river originates from the southwest of Keqi, and has two sources: one is the saring River (Saren River and sarik River) which originates from the West foot of Wusutu Durbin; the other is the ground source water head of hunshandakesha. After the two sources converged in Haolaihure township of Keshiketeng Banner, they were called Xilamulun river. The main stream flows through Longkou, vinegar shop, Jinqiao, balinqiao, huriha, Hailisu, and taihekou to hailitundong Oboo, Daxing Township, wengqi, and then flows out to Kailu County, where it converges with Laoha River to form Xiliao River. The upper reaches of the whole basin are wide and the lower reaches are narrow. The total length of the river is 397 km (starting from the saring River), 355 km in Chifeng City. The total drop is 1515m and the average gradient of the river is 2.4 ‰. The total drainage area is 32629.13 square kilometers, with 32539.13 square kilometers in Chifeng City.

Xilamulun river finally enters Tongliao City through aruhorqin banner and enters taihekou of Kailu County. At the mouth of the Tai River, the Xilamulun river is divided into two branches: one branch flows into the Xinkai River from part of the current, passes through the north of the Xiliao River Plain from west to East, and flows into the main stream of the Xiliao River. The Xinkai River has a total length of 376 kilometers and a drainage area of 7900 square kilometers.

On the other hand, 27 km after Xilamulun River enters Tongliao City, 55 km after Laoha River enters Tongliao City. The two rivers meet 4.4 km upstream of the Xiliao River water conservancy project in sujiabao, Kailu County. The confluence reaches the Xiliao River symmetrically with the Dongliao River, which is the mainstream of the Liaohe River.

Channel characteristics

The whole river is divided into three sections according to the geomorphology and extension characteristics

The upstream section from the source to the baichahekou is 174 km long (the source of the river is based on the saring River), with a drainage area of 1512 square kilometers. The river passes through the valleys. The channel is curved, the flow is fast, the slope is large, the average gradient is 4.4 ‰. The river is 30-50m wide, the water surface is about 20m wide, the water depth is about 1m, the vegetation is good, and the riverbed is stable. The water source of the river mainly comes from springs and groundwater, and the water flow is clear.

From baichahekou to hairisu is the middle reach. The river is 120 km long with an average gradient of 1.9 ‰. The width of the river is 100-500 M. the widest part below Balin bridge is 1000 m, and the water depth is 0.5-1.0 M. the water is scattered, the main stream is unstable, and many sand bars appear in the middle of the river. In this section, except for some natural secondary forests at the source of muxiga River, baltai River and Chaganmulun River, the proportion of agriculture is relatively large, soil erosion is relatively serious, and the river sediment content is large, which is the main source section of sediment and flood in this river.

The main stream from Hailisu to Xiliao River is the downstream section, with a length of 103 km. The river course is relatively gentle, with an average gradient of 1.6 ‰. The river is wide and shallow with no tributaries flowing in. Under Balin bridge of Xilamulun River, both sides of the main stream pass through Horqin sandy land.

River course changes

Xinkai River, formerly known as xinliao River and Beilao River, was flooded in Xilamulun (River) in 1894. It flowed northeastward in the right wing banner of Zhalute (now the south of sujiabao village in Kailu County). After reaching Juxing village, it flowed into taibugenguole, then turned to the East and Southeast, and entered Xiliao River in xiaowafang village of KeZuoZhong banner, forming a bowstring with Xiliao River. In 1940, the puppet Manchukuo blocked the xinkaihekou to supply water for paddy fields in the lower reaches. In July 1945, in order to prevent the Soviet Red Army from liberating Northeast China, the Japanese aggressors ordered the xinkaihekou to be opened, resulting in the flood of the river. During the war of liberation in 1947, Northern Liaoning Province sent people to repair the embankment and block the mouth of sujiapu. At this point, the newly opened section from sujiapu to Juxing village became a dry river. In August 1950, the diversion project at the taibuhe river mouth was completed, and the Xilamulun (River) water was led into the taibugen river. In 1951, it was named Xinkai River by the Department of civil affairs of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, with a total length of 383.6 km, an average gradient of 1 / 1460, and a drainage area of 6943 square km.

Xinkai River is an important artificial channel river, with great differences among the upper, middle and lower reaches. In the section from taihekou to talagan junction, there are many sand dunes on the left bank and fertile agricultural areas on the right bank. The river bed is wide and shallow, and the main stream swings left and right. It is a sandy river bed. The average annual runoff of taihekou station is 560 million cubic meters, and the average annual sediment concentration in water is 18.9 kg / cubic meter. In the section from talagan junction to sanhetang junction in KeZuoZhong banner, the right bank is a fertile agricultural area, and the left bank is a sand dune, grassland and sporadic farmland. The river channel gradually shrinks from wide to shallow to about 100 meters, and the bank is covered with shrub willows, and the silting degree in the riverbed becomes smaller. In the section from sanhetang junction to xiaowafang, the river channel is deep, narrow and curved, and the riverbed is stable.

hydrographic features

The average annual discharge of upstream Longkou station is 9-10 M / s. The minimum discharge is 6 km / s, the annual variation is small, and the monthly distribution difference is small. The discharge in spring is 7-11 Li M / s, the maximum discharge in summer is about 18.7 M / s, and the maximum flood in history (1939) is 27.5 Li M / s. The annual average sediment concentration of Longkou station is 0.58 kg / Li meter, the maximum sediment concentration is 4 kg / Li meter, and the minimum sediment concentration is 0.004} kg / Li meter. The annual sediment discharge is 14.19 million tons, and the erosion modulus is only 57.9 tons / km2.

The average discharge of hailasu town in the lower reaches is 30 km / s, and it can reach 90 km / s in summer and autumn (August October). Due to the large evaporation and infiltration, the annual average runoff of hairizu is 1.05 billion cubic meters, while that of taihekou (74 km interval) is reduced to 907 million cubic meters, and the interval loss is 143 million cubic meters. The total drop of the whole river is 1044 meters.

Main tributaries

There are 125 tributaries, including Chaganmulun River, shaoleng River (shaolang River, shaolang River, boundary river between Zhongjing Road and Shangjing road in Liao Dynasty), gasitai River, guligutai River, Weitang River (Shexiang River in Liao Dynasty), baltai River, Biliu River, Baicha River (Baicha River, Baicha River), Biru River, Saren River, dahaolai River, tariqigou River, etc The total length of the river is 4150 km, and the river network density is 0.13 km / km2.

Sarin river originates from Huamugou National Forest Park, wulanbutong Tourism Development Zone, hongshanzi Township, Chifeng City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. There are many mountain streams converging together, and then flows from south to north

Chinese PinYin : Xi La Mu Lun He