Dajiuhu National Wetland Park

Hubei Shennongjia Dajiuhu National Wetland Park

synonym

Dajiuhu National Wetland Park generally refers to the Dajiuhu National Wetland Park in Shennongjia, Hubei Province

Located between 31 ° 34 ′～ 31 ° 33 ′ N and 109 ° 56 ′～ 110 ° 11 ′ e, the Dajiuhu National Wetland Park in Shennongjia is located in the southwest of Shennongjia at the east foot of Daba Mountains in the northwest of Hubei Province, on the watershed between the Yangtze River and the Han River. In the upper reaches of the Duhe River in the Hanjiang River Basin, it borders Wushan and Wuxi counties in Chongqing in the southwest, Shennong River and the Three Gorges in the southeast, and Zhushan and Fangxian in the north. With a total area of 9320 hectares and an average altitude of 1730 meters, it is a typical subalpine swamp wetland climate.

The wetland ecosystem of Dajiuhu National Wetland Park mainly includes subalpine meadow, peat moss swamp, sleeping vegetable swamp, Carex swamp, cattail swamp, purple grass swamp and river pond and canal. It is a typical, representative, rare and special wetland in China. It is a national AAAAA scenic spot.

Distribution range

Location context

The Dajiuhu National Wetland Park in Shennongjia is located in the southwest of Shennongjia at the east foot of Daba Mountains in the northwest of Hubei Province. It is the central thoroughfare at the junction of three provinces and seven counties,

165km away from Songbai Town, it is located on the watershed between the Yangtze River and the Han River. In the upper reaches of the Duhe River in the Hanjiang River Basin, it borders Wushan and Wuxi counties in Chongqing in the southwest, Shennong River and the Three Gorges in the southeast, and Zhushan and Fangxian in the north.

The area of Dajiuhu nature reserve is 5083.5hm ~ 2, and the core wetland in the center of the basin is 1645hm ~ 2. Among them, the land area of Dajiu Lake is 3978 Hm2, and that of Xiaojiu lake is 1105.5 hm2. In the total land area, the total area of wetland is 1645hm ~ 2, including 1384.6hm ~ 2 of Dajiu Lake and 260.4hm ~ 2 of Xiaojiu lake.

Dajiuhu National Wetland Park is adjacent to bawangzhai in the East, Wulipo and Pingqian village in the south, Wushan County in the south, hengliangshan, wudengziya and Sifangtai in the south, lanyingzhai in the west, Zhushan in the north, and huangbaiqian village in the north.

Wetland structure

The forest land of Dajiuhu National Wetland Park is distributed in the high mountains around the basin; shrubs and grasses are distributed in the base of the high mountains; cultivated land and swamps are distributed in the central basin. The patch density of the whole landscape is 63.45, that is, there are 63.45 patches per 1km, indicating that there are more patches and smaller patch area in the area. From the perspective of each landscape type, the landscape patch density of construction land is the largest, about 7.5 times of the whole landscape. The patch density of shrub grassland is higher, and its average patch area is smaller than that of the whole landscape by 0.01576km, which indicates that the degree of fragmentation is higher.

The degree of separation is an index of the degree of aggregation and dispersion among patches of different landscape types, which is affected by human consciousness and natural conditions. In Table 2, the landscape of construction land with the smallest area and less patches in the study area has the highest degree of separation, with a value of 259.7; followed by shrub grassland and water area; while the landscape type with low degree of separation is the dominant landscape type in the area, namely woodland, which has the largest patch area and more patches. As for fragmentation, it can reflect the disturbance degree of human activities to landscape. The fragmentation degree of each type of landscape in the study area is: irrigated grassland 25.67, woodland 18.3, cultivated land 11.33, swamp 6.61, construction land 0.846, water area 0.689. Irrigated grassland and cultivated land are human disturbance landscapes with high fragmentation. The forest in the study area has been cut down on a large scale in history, and part of the natural forest has been replaced by scattered shrub grassland and cultivated land, which makes the number of patches increase and the patch area decrease, and finally leads to the fragmentation of the forest

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Geographical structure

Dajiuhu lake, also known as jiuhuping and alpine plain, is surrounded by mountains with a peak of 2800 meters, forming a natural barrier. There are nine lakes in a stream, and the big nine lake is named after it. According to historical records, in ancient times, Dajiu Lake was once a vast ocean. Due to the uplift of the Yanshan and Himalayan orogeny, there were nine symmetrical mountains, nine streams, nine plains and nine lakes in the southeast of Dajiu Lake. Since then, Dajiu Lake has formed a unique glacier landform and a wonderful landscape of alpine meadow.

The C14 dating of the mire deposit peat in the Dajiuhu wetland shows that the mire in the Dajiuhu wetland was formed as early as the end of the late Pleistocene about 15000-20000 years ago and has been preserved to this day. Compared with other areas, Dajiuhu wetland formed earlier than ancient times, with strong continuity and slow accumulation.

Dajiuhu lake is located in the eastern edge of the second step of terrain in China, and a subalpine basin is formed by the East extension of Daba. The landform type is glacial landform formed by Quaternary glaciers. The terrain is characterized by surrounding mountains and glacial Valley in the center, which forms a flat Lake Basin under certain conditions. As the whole basin is low-lying, there is no outflow River, poor drainage, most of the surface has seasonal stagnant water. After the excavation of the canal in 1987, the drainage situation changed greatly, resulting in the gradual reduction of the marsh area. The bottom of the basin is 1770-1800 meters above sea level, surrounded by mountains of 2200-2600 meters. Under the combined action of karst, glacier and flowing water, the only subtropical subalpine peat moss wetland in Central China and even in the same latitude (31 ° n) of the world is formed

Biological resources

Botany

The wetland ecosystem of Dajiuhu National Wetland Park mainly includes subalpine meadow, peat moss swamp, sleeping vegetable swamp, Carex grass swamp, cattail swamp, fuzimao swamp and pond and canal. There are 984 species of higher plants belonging to 474 genera and 145 families in the wetland, and 14 species of national key protected plants. Among them, Ranunculus japonicus and curculiaria rotundifolia were recorded for the first time in Hubei Province, and two insectivorous plants, Viburnum flaviflorum and curculiaria rotundifolia, were also recorded for the first time in Shennongjia area.

animal

In 2006, there were 70 species of terrestrial vertebrates in Dajiu Lake area, including 27 species of mammals, 37 species of birds, 1 species of reptiles and 5 species of amphibians; 4 species of national class I protected animals (white stork, forest musk deer, clouded leopard and sika deer), and 29 species of national class II protected animals.

As of December 2011, 18 new bird species have been recorded (13 in 2009, 3 in 2010, 2 in 2011 and 2 in 2012). Among them, there are 2 national class I protected animals (Golden Eagle and black stork), 2 class II protected animals (mandarin duck and grey crane), 5 provincial protected animals (egret, little egret, grey heron, Red duck and cormorant), and 7 national protected animals (grey headed pheasant, cattle backed Heron, pond heron, grass heron, fan tailed sand cone, red bladder duck and common Turquoise) which are beneficial or have important economic and scientific research value Bird, black winged stiletto, Luowen duck, Xufu gull).

Hydrological climate

climate

Although Dajiuhu National Wetland Park is located in the north subtropical zone, it has a high altitude of 1 730 m, with a total area of 34 000.8 Hm2, of which the wetland area is 1 645 hm2. Due to the high altitude, the climate here is cool, with an average annual temperature of 7.4 ℃, the average temperature in the hottest month (July) of 18.8 ℃, and the average temperature in the coldest month (January) of - 4.9 ℃; the accumulated temperature above 10 ℃ of 2009 ℃, and frost free period of 150 days, The frost period is long, about 150-230 days; the average annual precipitation is 1528.4 mm, the maximum precipitation is 3000 mm, the annual rainy days are 150-200 days, and the relative humidity is more than 80%. Short sunshine time, warm and cool climate, short frost free period, long winter and short summer, spring and autumn are the typical subalpine swamp climate.

hydrology

There are 41 magical sinkholes in the low-lying area around the Dajiuhu basin, among which the most are in the north side, forming a group of sinkholes. The surface water and underground water of the whole basin gather here, flow into Zhushan through the sinkholes, and pour into Duhe, which is the source of Duhe.

Human history

Historical evolution

In September 2006, with the approval of the State Forestry Administration, Dajiuhu National Wetland Park was established as the Fourth National Wetland Park in China and the first National Wetland Park in Central China, with a planning area of 5083 hectares.

In May 2008, the Dajiuhu National Wetland Park Administration was established.

In June 2010, the Dajiuhu wetland regional nature reserve in Shennongjia was promoted to a provincial nature reserve, and the National Wetland Park Administration and the Provincial Nature Reserve Administration worked together.

In 2013, it was officially included in the list of international important wetlands.

Wetland business card

In 2009, Dajiuhu National Wetland Park won the first prize in the "six most beautiful wetland parks in China"; in 2010, Dajiuhu National Wetland Park was officially accepted as a member of the wetland protection network in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, and won the best protection example award; in 2011, Dajiuhu wetland won the "ecological civilization education" award of Hubei Province

Chinese PinYin : Da Jiu Hu Guo Jia Shi Di Gong Yuan