Mount Jiuhua Park

Mount Jiuhua Park

Jiuhuashan park is located in the west side of Taipingmen, Xuanwu District, Nanjing city. It is a comprehensive park integrating mountains, water, city and forest. It is separated by Ming City Wall in the north, adjacent to Xuanwu Lake in the north, and connected with Longguang mountain (Fugui mountain) in the East. It is the first hill in the west of Zhongshan. It was once the Royal Garden of Six Dynasties. There are Xuanzang temple and Sanzang Pagoda in the park. The parietal bone relic of master Xuanzang is hidden under the lotus seat in the pagoda.

Jiuhua Mountain in Nanjing has changed its name several times in history. Because the steep side near the lake is like a capsized boat, it was called capsized Zhoushan in ancient times. In ancient geomantic omen, a mountain like a capsized boat is an auspicious symbol. Because this mountain is in the north of the capital, the emperor built the capital according to the "four gods" model, and also called this mountain "Xuanwu mountain". During the period of Liu Song and Yuan Jia in the Southern Dynasties, the mountain was renamed Xuanwu mountain because of the frequent occurrence of "black dragon" in Xuanwu Lake. In other words, it was located in the north of the city near Xuanwu Lake. During the reign of Chen Taijian, Xuanwu mountain was called Longzhou mountain.

Jiuhua Mountain has a small Jiuhua temple in the south of the mountain, which is named after the word "Jiuhua" in the name of the temple. The hillside of the park is 61 meters above sea level, covering an area of 129000 square meters. On the top of the mountain, there is a Sanzang pagoda, five levels and four sides. The parietal relic of master Xuanzang is hidden under the lotus seat in the pagoda. Rock climbing activities are often held here. The Sanzang pagoda is a cultural relic protection unit in Nanjing.

Historical evolution

In the history of Jiuhua Mountain in Nanjing, its name was changed several times. It was named "Fuzhou mountain" because of its image of a boat. In ancient geomantic omen, it was a symbol of auspiciousness. Because the mountain is in the north of the capital, the emperor built the capital according to the "four gods" model, and also called the mountain "Xuanwu mountain", in addition, there are "Zhenwu mountain", "Longshan", "Longzhou mountain" and other names.

In the spring and Autumn period, Zhoushan was named after its shape, which is very similar to an inverted boat.

During the Six Dynasties, covering Zhoushan was an important barrier for Jiankang, the capital city. Miyagi (Taicheng) is very close to Fu Zhoushan. The land around Fu Zhoushan belongs to the activities of the upper nobility. In the Six Dynasties period, the mountain of Fuzhou, bordering Qingxi in the East, Houhu in the north and Taicheng in the west, was an ordinary hill with a height of less than 100 meters and a circumference of less than three li. Although the mountain is not tall, its geographical location is very important. During the period of war, it was the barrier of the palace city. It was the same military pass as longweipo and Jiangling in the East. Its gains and losses are related to the safety of Miyagi. In the Eastern Jin Dynasty, there were two large-scale battles in this area.

In the period of the eastern Wu Dynasty, there used to be a West pool to the south of the mountain. It was the garden of the prince of the eastern Wu Dynasty, also known as the prince lake. When Jin Ming emperor was the crown prince, he rebuilt the West pool and trained the warriors in it. The northern suburb altar (Ditan) of the Eastern Jin Dynasty was also in the south of Zhoushan. In the west is the peony garden in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. Every year, peony Sichuan is planted for the imperial court.

In the third year of Xianhe (328) of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Su Jun, the internal historian of Liyang, invaded the capital city in the name of Yu Liang, the commander of the central government. Su Jun led 20000 people across the river, broke through the line of defense of niuzhu (today's Caishiji), went around to the northeast of the capital, occupied Jiang Ling and covered Zhoushan, and defeated the garrison of Bian Hu. He broke through the gate of Qingxi and stood aloof. Because of the wind, Taicheng and Zhuying temples were destroyed. Su Jun won the victory by conquering Fuzhou mountain and controlled the Eastern Jin Dynasty.

In 403, Huan Xuan, the governor of Jingzhou, usurped Jin Dynasty and became the state of Chu. In the spring of the third year, Liu Yu, the inner historian of Pengcheng, led 1700 people from Jingkou (now Zhenjiang) to Shandong Province. More than 20000 people, such as Bian Fanzhi, the general of Huan Xuan, were waiting for the collapse of the boat. Liu Yu first made a bluff by sending soldiers to climb the mountain and set up a flag, which led to the illusion of Bian Jun. then he "broke the boat" and fought to the death. Before the attack, he ordered the soldiers to have a good meal, throw away the surplus food, and dress up lightly. When the attack started, they took the lead again. Therefore, all the soldiers took one as a hundred. When he attacked the mountain, it was the time when the northeast wind was strong. Because of the wind, the fire was set on fire. Suddenly, the smoke was burning in the sky, and the sound of drums shook the capital. Bian Fanzhi's troops were defeated. Huan Xuan was forced to flee by the Yangtze River.

In the late Eastern Jin Dynasty, Qingyuan temple was built at the foot of Fuzhou mountain. It was renamed Longguang temple in Liu Song Dynasty. The eminent monk Zhu Daosheng lived in this temple. Later, because of his translation of Buddhist scriptures and his understanding of some doctrines, he was regarded as heresy, attacked and left indignantly. Falun temple was built in Liu Song Dynasty. In the second year of Yongyuan reign, Cui Huijing, a general of Xiping, attacked leyouyuan and stationed troops in Falun temple. Although Cui Huijing is a military general, he is still quiet. When his subordinates have a dispute, he doesn't go to solve it. Instead, he sits in the temple and talks about Buddhism with his guests. As a result, his subordinates betray and are defeated and killed.

According to the records of Jiankang, in the sixth year of Yongjia, Jin Dynasty, after the death of the general of Zhengnan and the governor of Jingzhou, Shanjian was buried in the sun of fuzhoushan. It is conceivable that there are so many gardens and buildings around a small mountain.

In the Southern Dynasties, Fu Zhoushan was once the site of the Royal Garden "Le you yuan", which was a good place for emperors and generals to enjoy the cool and entertainment in summer. Le you yuan, pavilions, beautiful scenery. According to historical records, in the Southern Dynasties, the great scientist Zu Chongzhi and suoyulin from the Northern Wei Dynasty competed in the guide car, which was located in Leyou garden. The water wheel mill invented by Zu Chongzhi was also successfully trial produced in Leyou garden.

In the Southern Dynasty and Song Dynasty, it was called Xuanwu mountain. One reason is that the mountain is in the north of the city. At that time, the north gate of the palace city was called Xuanwu Gate. The other reason is that the mountain is beside Xuanwu Lake. In Yuanjia, there is a black dragon in Houhu lake, which is thought to be the God of Xuanwu. It is called Houhu Xuanwu Lake instead of Fuzhou mountain. However, these two names had little influence. After Chen died, people still called them Fu Zhoushan. The northern suburb altar at the foot of Fuzhou mountain was moved to the north of the palace city and turned into a Yueyou garden. The West pool was also enclosed in it and renamed Yueyou pool (its scope should be to the north of Xiaoying). Liu Yilong, Emperor Wen of the Song Dynasty, built Louguan in the west of Zhoushan. He often called together officials to feast and write poems. When Liu Jun, Emperor Xiaowu of Song Dynasty, built Zhengyang hall and Linguang hall in Leyou garden. He also dug ice wells in the shade of the mountain and collected ice every winter for storage in summer. In the late years of Emperor Wu of Liang Dynasty, these buildings were seriously damaged because of Hou Jing's rebellion and the soldiers trapped in Taicheng. After the founding of the people's Republic of China, Chen Baxian rebuilt it. In the summer of the seventh year of emperor Chen Xuan's great construction, due to the frequent decline of "manna", a manna pavilion was built on the mountain of Luozhou to collect "manna" and feast the officials. Famous scholars in the Southern Dynasties, such as Bao Zhao, Yan Yanzhi, Xie Lingyun, Fan Hua, Shen Yue, etc., have been active in luozhoushan and yueyouyuan, leaving many beautiful poems.

In the Chen period of the Southern Dynasties, Xuanwu mountain was changed into Longshan and Longzhou mountain.

When the Sui Dynasty destroyed Chen, Leyou garden was burned. Chen was abandoned after his death.

From Sui and Tang Dynasties to Qing Dynasty, it was called Fu Zhoushan.

In the early years of the Republic of China, it was also called Lugong mountain, and later renamed Jiuhua Mountain.

In the early winter of 1942, the Japanese invaders excavated a stone letter containing the parietal bone relic of master Xuanzang at the Sanzang pagoda site of Dabaoen temple in Yuhuatai, and recorded the process of his burial in Nanjing. Under the protest of Nanjing people, the Japanese army returned part of master Xuanzang's parietal bones to Nanjing people.

On February 23, 1943, a ceremony was held to hand over the Buddhist bones of master Xuanzang. The spiritual bones were received by Chu Minyi, Minister of foreign affairs of Wang puppet national government, and placed in Jiuhuashan temple for worship.

In 1944, Wang puppet national government built a brick pagoda on Jiuhua Mountain, which was dedicated to the parietal relic of master Xuanzang. It was named Sanzang pagoda. It was a 5-level and 4-sided brick pagoda. The South lintel was engraved with "Xuanzang pagoda" and the bottom Xumi seat was engraved with "Xuanzang master Linggu" LiuNing.

In 1978, it was turned into a park with a hall and a tower and a pavilion. At the bottom of Jiuhuashan Mountain, there is Jiuhuashan Tunnel named as shanmingming tunnel, which passes through Xuanwu Lake and reaches Xinzhuang hub. It is an important channel for the East Inner Ring Road of Nanjing.

In 2003, xiaojiuhua temple was rebuilt and renamed Xuanzang temple.

geographical environment

Jiuhua Mountain Park is located at No.20 Jiuhua Mountain, Xuanwu District, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province. It overlooks Zijin Mountain in the East, Xuanwu Lake in the north, Beijing East Road in the south, Jiming temple in the west, Ming City Wall in the north and Fugui mountain in the East. It is the first hill to enter the city in the West.

There are 2000 square meters of lawns and more than 2000 plum trees in the park. The shape of the mountain is long and narrow, the top is parallel, and the two ends are gradually lower. In ancient times, people named it fuzhoushan because it was like a overturned wooden boat. The name of fuzhoushan has been recorded in the historical records of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, and it was born earlier.

Main attractions

Xuanzang Culture Series

Master Xuanzang was a great traveler, translator and Buddhist scholar in Tang Dynasty. He overcame many difficulties, went to Tianzhu to learn Buddhist scriptures, and made great contributions to the development of Chinese Buddhism.

According to legend, monk Kezheng of the Song Dynasty brought back the skull of master Xuanzang from Zige temple in Shaanxi Province and built a tower for burial in Tianxi temple outside Zhonghua Gate in Nanjing. In 1943, when the Japanese invading army Takamori troops built the Daoyuan shrine in Ming bao'en Temple (the former Tianxi Temple site) outside Zhonghua Gate, they found the head bone of master Xuanzang. The Japanese army excavated part of the head bone. Part of the head bone left in Nanjing was buried in Jiuhua Mountain and built the Sanzang tower. The pagoda is modeled after the tomb of Xuanzang in Xingjiao temple in the southern suburb of Chang'an in Tang Dynasty. At the bottom of the tower, there is a small stone tablet with the six characters "head of master Xuanzang" carved on it. In front of the tower, there is a blue stone with the statue of Xuanzang and the route map of the pilgrimage to the West.

On April 29, 2001, a bronze statue of master Xuanzang, the tallest master in Asia, was erected in front of the Sanzang pagoda

Chinese PinYin : Jiu Hua Shan Gong Yuan