Longli ancient city

Longli was originally a garrison Castle founded by Zhu Zhen, the sixth son of Emperor Zhu Yuanzhang of the Ming Dynasty. In the Qing Dynasty, it was changed to Longli after taking the meaning of "the reason for prosperity". The ancient town is very small, with two streets in a cross shape, connecting the East, South, West and north gates respectively. Because the ancestors moved in from the nine provinces in the south of the Yangtze River in the Central Plains, they settled down troops here, and then came back to the land, so today's Longli is the only town inhabited by Han people in Southeast Guizhou. Their life style, architecture and customs still maintain a strong style of ancient Han culture. The architecture has the charm of Beijing Quadrangle, the delicacy of Jiangnan Water Town, the configuration of Jiangxi folk houses and the form of local Miao and Dong People's Ganlan houses. It is said that Wang Changling, a famous poet of Tang Dynasty, once lived in Longli. The descendants of Longli have always been full of sympathy for Wang Changling's life experience and reverence for his knowledge. At the foot of Longbiao mountain and on the Bank of Longxi River, people built such buildings as "Zhuangyuan tomb", "Zhuangyuan bridge" and "Zhuangyuan Pavilion" as a permanent memorial to this cultural man.

Longli ancient city

Longli ancient city is located in the southwest edge of Jinping County, Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture, Guizhou Province. It spans 109 ° 2 ′ 52 ″ e to 108 ° 32 ′ 16 ″ and 26 ° 23 ′ 4 ″ n to 26 ° 27 ′ 16 ″. It is an ancient military fortress with a history of more than 600 years, with an area of 48174 square meters, more than 760 households and more than 3280 people. It is 64km away from the county seat, borders Aoshi, Liping County in the south, 21km away from Liping Branch Airport, and 23km away from Tianshengqiao, a tourist attraction in Liping County.

Longli ancient city is one of the international cooperation "Guizhou ecological museums" between China and the kingdom of Norway

And one of the key cultural ancient villages and towns in Guizhou Province, is a provincial scenic spot, provincial historical and cultural town. In 2002, it was listed in the provincial intangible cultural heritage protection list; in 2007, it was listed in the third batch of "famous historical and cultural villages in China"; in 2013, the ancient buildings in the scenic spot were rated as the seventh batch of national key cultural relics protection units.

In February 2020, from the end of the epidemic to December 31, 2020, the scenic spot will provide free services to medical workers all over the country.

Evolution of construction

Longli, formerly known as Jingwu City, Longbiao village and Longli, belonged to the "Longbiao county" established in the seventh year of Wude of Tang Dynasty (624 AD) before its establishment, belonging to Tanyang County of Xuzhou.

In the seventh year of the reign of Yuan Dynasty (1322), Longli Manyi chief's lawsuit was set up and returned to Huguang Chengzhou.

In the third year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty (1370 AD), longliwei was built and wukaiwei was added to the town, which still belongs to Chengzhou.

In 1385, Zhu Zhen, the sixth son of Zhu Yuanzhang, the emperor of Ming Dynasty, mobilized the officers and soldiers of nine provinces in the south of the Yangtze River to suppress the Wumian uprising in Guzhou. At the same time, he built an ancient city in Longli, which was subordinate to the wukaiwei of Huguang capital. More than 1000 officers and soldiers were ordered to garrison the border and guard here. During the Yongle period, the ancient castle was built again.

In the 15th year of Shunzhi (1658), Longli was replaced by Longli in the sense of "prosperity".

In 1681, Liping mansion was changed to Guidong Road, and Longli was then assigned to Liping mansion in Guizhou. Yongzheng five years (1727) will be five Kaiwei Kaitai County, Kaitai County Longli. At the end of Xuantong, Kaitai county was changed into Liping County.

In 1942, it was allocated to Jinping County.

In 1999, it was established by Guizhou Provincial People's government as a key protected and developed ethnic cultural village in Guizhou Province and an ecological museum jointly established by China and Norway.

In 2003, it was approved as a provincial scenic spot by Guizhou Provincial People's government. In 2004, it was listed as one of the first three priority comprehensive tourist areas in Guizhou Province -- Li, Cong, Rong (Jinping, Tianzhu) comprehensive tourist area. In 2006, it was listed as a provincial historical and cultural town.

architectural composition

Layout of ancient city

city wall

The ancient city is approximately rectangular, 217 meters wide from north to South and 222 meters long from east to west. The city wall was first built with soil ramming, and in the first year of Tianshun (1457), it was changed to be framed with pebbles. The perimeter is 1500 meters, the wall is one or two feet high and the trench is one or two feet deep. The city is divided into three parts on Wednesday, with one fort in the southeast, one fort in the northwest and one fort in the southeast. There are four city gates in the southeast and northwest of the city. The east gate is Qingyang gate, also known as xumen gate. There are three high Xulou on the gate. The east gate is mainly used as the gate for officials and troops to enter the city, which means "Ziqi comes from the East". The south gate is Zhengyang gate, while the west gate is called Yingen gate. In addition to the two-story building on the gate, there are also two inner and outer gates, that is, a wall is built in front of the gate. After going out of the gate, you need to turn 90 degrees to get out of the gate. This structure is called "Lema huitou" by Longli. In the old saying, "Bei" and "Bai" have similar sounds and interchangeable meanings. However, the word "Bai" has no doubt violated the taboo of military strategists. Therefore, the north gate is closed all the year round. In order to collect wind and Qi, there is a temple on the upper City floor of the north gate, offering Bodhisattvas to pray for peace. There is a happy horse road on the wall of the city, and there is a "sky lamp holder" on the wall to convey messages. There is a moat outside the ancient city wall to prevent the enemy from attacking.

inside the city

The design and construction of the inner part of the ancient city strictly follow the needs of the war at that time. Up to now, for more than 600 years, the structure of the city is still intact. It is a military Castle capable of fighting and defending. There are more than 20 streets, which are all paved with cobblestones to form back shaped flower street pavement, inlaid with various patterns. The center of the city is the former site of qianhusuo yamen, which goes East. There are three main streets in the West and south, and the intersection of streets and alleys does not form a "ten" shape. The "Ding" street structure is the main axis. The city gate has two internal and external roads, which is similar to the "urn city" structure. The important government offices and other buildings face south. At the same time, they are closely connected with the construction of the city defense system, and have strong security (for example, if the north gate does not open, there is no danger in reserve) From the perspective of defense, the wrong connection of streets has the meaning of "Strengthening Qi", "avoiding disaster and removing evil" and is conducive to defense. The reason why the word "ten" is not opened in the city is that "ten" and "loss" are homophonic. As a military castle, it is a taboo for the city. The word "Ding" means "prosperous population and permanent city". The three main streets in the city are divided into six lanes, which divide the whole city into nine relatively independent residential areas. This is the pattern of "three streets, six lanes and nine courtyards".

Residential structure

Most of the early residential buildings still retain the characteristics of Han culture, most of which are in Anhui and Jiangxi. Their architectural forms and artistic techniques have obvious characteristics of Hui style architecture. The basic unit of the residential building is usually a two to three story wooden structure with 10 meters Bay (three Bay) and about 8 meters depth. The structure of the building adopts a bucket type herringbone shaped slope top, covered with small green tiles, with brick walls or mud and stone walls on the periphery. The top is made into a stacked shape, and the end is made into a horsehead shape, commonly known as "horsehead wall". The eaves are 30 cm out of the water, in the form of "double ridge eaves", and the blue eaves are inlaid on the gray white brick wall. The homestead is 1 In front of each house, there are several steps of bluestone terrace. On the front door, there are plaques marking the owner's native place and identity, such as "guanxi Di", "Kejia Di", "Luoyang Di", and so on. The exterior wall of the front door is a "eight character" structure. Its plane layout is from the outside to the inside, first the door, then the front room, then the main room, and then the back room The courtyard is paved with bluestone, which is lower than the platform base. There is a fireproofing tank made of bluestone in the courtyard. The tank is carved with dragons or decorated with ancient weapons halberd. There is a ditch in the tank to drain water. Every household in the ancient town must have a back door, and the back door is connected with each other. The purpose is for military families to avoid the fire. When the war comes, families inform each other and evacuate from the back door to the safe area.

Architectural features

Ancient temple

The ancestral halls in the ancient city are all in the style of the Ming and Qing Dynasties. They were all built in the Qing Dynasty. There are five reserved ancestral halls: Jiang's ancestral hall, Longwang's ancestral hall, suowang's ancestral hall, Xiwang's ancestral hall and Chen's ancestral hall. The archway at the entrance of the ancestral hall is a large mural with exquisite carvings and paintings. There are two or three couplets on the archway at the entrance of each ancestral hall, which record the history of the migration of the clan and the education for future generations. The enclosed fire wall is tall and solid. The courtyard is broad and bright. The courtyard is paved with bluestone. There are several wing rooms on both sides. The room is large, the house is high and deep, and the roof is spacious. The memorial tablet of our ancestors is on the wall of the main house.

Ancient temple

There were many temples in Longli during the Ming and Qing Dynasties. There are eleven temples in the city, five nunneries outside the city, and temples are built in every street. The Guanyin hall in the center of the city is built with "big temple". On the right side of the temple, there are "Town God's Temple". There are "Confucious'Temple" on the east side of the temple, with "Wu Temple" (Guan Yu Temple) on the west side, and "Kui Xing Lou" on the west side of the temple. There are "Trojan Horse Temple" and "Jade Emperor Pavilion" in the northwest corner, "Erlang Temple" in the southwest corner, "flying Temple Temple" beside the East Drum Tower, and 11 "five wonders Temple" in the southeast corner. There are Taoists in each temple, who worship the Jade Emperor, Zhenwu emperor, Wenchang emperor, Zhao Gong's God of wealth, Guan Sheng emperor, Confucius, Guanyin Bodhisattva, Puxian Bodhisattva and dizang Bodhisattva.

Cultural relics

Centipede Street

The ancient city centipede street, also known as Nanmen Street, is 93 meters long and 8.5 meters wide. Centipede head up (Guanyin Hall), feet down (South Gate) centipede back 2 meters wide,

Chinese PinYin : Long Li Gu Cheng