Liangyuan, Foshan

The full name of Liangyuan is Liangshi residence garden in Foshan, which is composed of 12 Shizhai, Qunxing thatched cottage, Fenjiang Caolu, Hanxiang hall and other architectural groups. Liang Yuan, composed of four uncles and nephews such as Liang AI Ru, Liang Jiu Zhang and Liang Jiu Tu, was built in succession in the Qing Dynasty (1796-1850). It lasted more than 40 years. Its main body is located in Xianfeng ancient road of SONGFENG Road, others are located in Xixian lane of SONGFENG Road and Songgui lane of Shengping road. It is known as the four famous gardens of Guangdong in the Qing Dynasty together with Qinghui garden of Shunde, Yuyin Shanfang of Panyu and Keyuan of Dongguan. The small bridges and flowing water, pavilions, rockeries and rocks in the garden are exquisitely and elegantly decorated. Xiushui, Qishi and mingtie are the "three treasures" of Liangyuan. At the beginning of the Republic of China, Liangyuan was in ruins and was on the verge of being destroyed. After the large-scale renovation in 1994, the local government was able to restore its former glory.

Liang Yuan

synonym

Foshan Liangyuan generally refers to Liangyuan (Guangdong provincial key cultural relics protection unit)

Liang Yuan

It is the general name of Liang's house garden in Foshan and the representative work of Lingnan Garden. Together with Yuyin mountain house, Qinghui garden and Keyuan, it has become the "four major gardens in Lingnan".

Liangyuan is mainly composed of "Twelve stone studio", "Qunxing thatched cottage", "fenjiangcaolu", "hanxiangguan" and other groups in different places, the main body of which is located in the Xianfeng ancient road of SONGFENG road. Liang Yuan was built by local famous poets Liang AI Ru, Liang Jiu Hua, Liang Jiu Zhang and Liang Jiu Tu's nephew in the Jiaqing and Daoguang periods of the Qing Dynasty (1796-1850), which lasted for more than 50 years. Liangyuan garden is one of the typical representative of Lingnan literati garden in Qing Dynasty. The house, ancestral hall and garden are integrated. Lingnan style "garden" space changes repeatedly. The garden group landscape is not limited to one style. It pursues elegant and natural, and the garden is full of Lingnan water characteristics.

brief introduction

Liangyuan in Foshan is the general name of Liangyuan in Foshan. It was rebuilt in 1984 and renamed Liangyuan. Liangyuan is composed of many groups in different places, such as "Twelve stone studio", "Qunxing thatched cottage", "Fenjiang Caolu" and "hanxiangguan". The main part is located in Xianfeng ancient road of SONGFENG Road, and the others are located in xixianli of SONGFENG road and songguili of Shengping road.

Liang Yuan was built by local famous poets Liang AI Ru, Liang Jiu Hua, Liang Jiu Zhang and Liang Jiu Tu's nephew in the Jiaqing and Daoguang periods of the Qing Dynasty (1796-1850 A.D.). At the beginning of the Republic of China, a generation of famous gardens were on the verge of oblivion. In view of its historical, artistic and ornamental value, in 1982, Foshan municipal Party committee and government first rescued and protected the existing Qunxing thatched cottage group. In 1990, it was designated as a provincial key cultural relics protection unit. Then in 1994, large-scale comprehensive restoration began, with a total area of 21260 square meters, making the famous garden Chongguang a reality.

Liang garden, Shunde Qinghui garden, Panyu Yuyin Shanfang garden and Dongguan Keyuan garden are known as the four famous gardens in Guangdong in Qing Dynasty, and are also the representative works of Lingnan Garden. The pavilions and pavilions, stone mountain paths, small bridges and flowing water, and exotic flowers and plants in the garden are ingeniously arranged, showing the architectural characteristics of Lingnan. Liangyuan is famous for its lakes and rocks. The buildings in the garden are exquisite and elegant, with green trees and various stone decorations. In addition, Liangyuan also has a collection of ancient Calligraphers' stickers. Xiushui, Qishi and mingtie are the "three treasures" of Liangyuan.

Garden Art

General layout

The overall layout of Liangyuan is the integration of residence, ancestral hall and garden, which has the most characteristics of local large-scale villa garden, especially the Qifeng and Yishi as an important landscaping means. Among them, the four groups of garden groups have different styles because of their different design orientations. There are various Lingnan unique landscape organization means such as "pingting", "Shanting", "Shuiting", "shiting" and "shuishiting". The poetry, calligraphy and painting culture closely combined with the theme of various buildings and scenic spots is rich and colorful, full of poetic and picturesque meanings. The garden has four well-designed scenes in spring, summer, autumn and winter, such as "thatched cottage in spring", "pillow Lake in summer", "stars in autumn" and "cold fragrance and proud snow", with different tastes. The garden shows the characteristics of literati gardens, such as "Shizhai expressing feelings", "inkstone grinding expressing ambition", "secluded living orchid"“ The four scenes of "the legacy of the villa" vividly express the various cultural artistic conception of the Lingnan ancient garden, such as the elegant collection for singing, reading and writing, tutoring in a family school, living in seclusion and leisure, and so on.

Rock art

It is said that there are more than 400 odd stones in Liangyuan, which has the reputation of "more stones than books". Among them, the most attractive is the stone court. It pays attention to the formation of one stone and the scenery of one stone. It is unique in Lingnan private garden. The master of Liangyuan expressed his pursuit of human personality and free personality in Huzhong heaven and earth by sorting out the single stone and solitary stone. In the garden, there are many wonderful stones, such as Taihu Lake, Lingbi, Yingde and so on. Standing or lying, or leaning or leaning in the garden is very interesting, among which the famous stones are "suwu shepherd", "boy worships Guanyin", "beauty looks at the mirror", "Palace dance", "chasing the moon", "leaning on the cloud", etc. Most of the landscape stones are decorated with platforms and columns, with bamboo and wood in between and pools and marshes around them.

The mountains of Liangyuan garden are not "stacked", but are unified with the plain style of the whole garden. Instead of seeking the grand momentum, they seek the expression and charm of the stone, and use the small to replace the large to show the wonder of the mountains and rivers. Liang jiutu describes in the poem that "the return of Hengyue is not stopped, and the stone in the pot is used as a servant girl." This method of replacing mountains with stones abandons the overstocking of stones and eliminates the contrast of stone texture and shape. It can express different thoughts and feelings more flexibly and freely.

Humanistic characteristics

Liangyuan is one of the typical representative of Lingnan literati gardens in Qing Dynasty. The layout of Liangyuan is exquisite. The houses, ancestral halls and gardens are integrated. Lingnan style "garden" space changes repeatedly, and the style is elegant. The garden group is not limited to one style, and pursues elegant and natural, poetic and picturesque pastoral charm. The garden architecture with local characteristics is complete, light and transparent. The fruit trees in the garden are shady, flowers are beautiful, and beautiful It is one of the four famous gardens in the middle of Guangdong Province. Liangyuan is a rare typical example to study the local characteristics, layout, landscaping and cultural connotation of ancient literati gardens in Lingnan. It shows the ancient Foshan literati's pursuit of staying away from the bustle of metropolis and enjoying the happiness of forest and spring. It also reflects the yearning for garden style houses and natural space environment in "Guangfu culture"; its typical rich historical and cultural connotation, as well as the cultural connotation It is an important example of Foshan's celebrity gathering and literary style.

Existing buildings

Entering Liangyuan from Xianfeng ancient road of SONGFENG Road, you can see the buildings such as bucaodi, Buddha Hall, Liang's house and cishijia temple. All these buildings are of brick and wood structure, decorated with wood carvings and brick carvings, elegant and exquisite. The gardener skillfully connects the house, ancestral hall and garden together harmoniously.

Qunxing thatched cottage, built by Liang Jiuhua, is located in Xianfeng ancient road of SONGFENG Road, covering an area of thousands of square meters. The building group consists of thatched cottage, guest hall, qiushuangxuan, boat hall and cloister. The architecture is exquisite and attractive. Although the volume is small, it is small and exquisite. "Half Pavilion" structure is unique, the first floor hexagonal half, the second floor Square complete, flat roof, cornice Dougong, can be called "Zhuo" work. The "ship hall" is surrounded by large Manchuria windows on three sides. You can have a panoramic view of the scenery around it. It's really a room full of space. More prominent is the "Lotus Pavilion", which is exquisite and delicate, transparent all around, and converges inside and outside, completely integrating heaven, earth and people.

These buildings are based on stone court, mountain court and water court. The buildings are spacious and transparent, and the corridors around them are introduced. The method of changing scenery step by step is attractive. For example, the lotus Pavilion is located on the Bank of the lake, standing under the eaves of the pavilion, facing the lake water covered with lotus leaves and flowers, a little pink in a piece of green, intoxicating. The pavilion is more than four meters high, with wood structure. The lintels and windows are decorated with wood carvings. The doors and windows are hollow, and the patterns are lotus leaves and flowers. It is elegant, and it echoes with the lotus leaves and lotus fragrance in the lake. It makes people admire the designer's good intentions.

After walking through a small stone arch bridge with exquisite design, you will arrive at the Fenjiang thatched cottage group. The use of water stone here can be said to be unique: there are both general stacked stone scenery and single stone scenery; there are both gurgling water and a lake. In the clear water, groups of goldfish and Koi float and sink, and the lake is rippling. This quiet and dynamic landscape is amazing. There is a beautiful stone boat on the bank. Looking at the surface of the lake, you can see a stone standing in the lake with a peculiar shape and a height of about three meters. This stone is called "Lake stone". Around the stone in the middle of the lake, there are white geese and mandarin ducks playing in the water, and the artistic conception of "white hair floating in green water, red palms playing in clear waves" has come to an end.

Qunxing cottage group and Fenjiang cottage group are decorated with pine, bamboo, willow and bonsai. In addition to more than ten ancient trees in the garden, there are also yutangchun, yingzhaolan (i.e. yingzhaohua) and Plumeria with rich Lingnan charm. It is: "the two gardens are painted, and the orchids and jades in Manchu court are poetic.".

Walk along the willow lined embankment for about five minutes to reach the songzhuliao landscape. With bamboo and wood as the keynote, the buildings here show the artistic conception of binding purple as the door, arranging willows in rows, and painting dykes with one water. It shows the unique pastoral charm of the Pearl River Delta and reflects the unique idea of gardeners' pursuit of being far away from the bustle and close to nature.

Tourism information

1. Usually, the ticket is 10 yuan. It's free every Saturday.

2. Take line 8 to Guangzhou

Chinese PinYin : Fo Shan Liang Yuan