Xuanquanji site
Xuanquanzhi site, a key cultural relic protection unit in China, is located in Dunhuang City, Gansu Province. It was named after the inscription "Xuanquanzhi" on the unearthed Han bamboo slips. The site was first discovered by the Jiuquan cultural relics survey team in 1987. From 1990 to 1992, the Institute of cultural relics and Archaeology of Gansu Province excavated more than 3000 square meters, unearthed more than 15000 Han bamboo slips and 17650 objects.
The archaeological excavation of Xuanquanzhi site was rated as one of the top ten archaeological discoveries in 1991 and during the Eighth Five Year Plan period. In 2001, it was announced as the fifth batch of national key cultural relics protection units.
On June 22, 2014, the xuanquanji site was listed in the world heritage list as one of the sites in the Silk Road: the road network of Chang'an Tianshan corridor jointly applied for World Heritage by China, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan.
Historical evolution
According to the unearthed bamboo slips, the site of Xuanquanzhi was called "xuanquanting" in the period of Emperor Wu of the Western Han Dynasty and "Xuanquanzhi" in the period of emperor Zhao. In the late Eastern Han Dynasty, it was also called "xuanquanyou", which was abandoned in the Wei and Jin Dynasties. After Tang Dynasty, it was called "xuanquanyi" again, but after Song Dynasty, it was abandoned. In Qing Dynasty, it was also called "Er Shi Temple" and "diaoshui". Its name is the spring in the south mountain.
The site was first discovered by the Jiuquan cultural relics survey team in 1987.
From 1990 to 1992, Gansu Provincial Institute of cultural relics and Archaeology carried out comprehensive excavation in two stages, revealing the site area of 2400 square meters, and excavated more than 15000 Han bamboo slips and 17650 objects of various types.
Cultural relics
Xuanquanzhi site is located in the Gobi Desert 1.5km south of Tianshuijing Road, an'dun highway, at the junction of Dunhuang city and Anxi county administrative region. It is adjacent to Huoyan mountain in the South and Xishawo in the north. It is a large reception and transit station for people and mail between Anxi and Dunhuang in Han and Tang dynasties. It is 56 kilometers east to Anxi and 64 kilometers west to Dunhuang, with a total area of 22500 square meters and an altitude of 1700 meters. The existing area is about 22500 square meters, and the cultural layer is 0.5-2.5 meters thick. The ground is exposed with ash layer, a large number of rope pattern gray pottery pieces, grass dregs and Han bamboo slips.
The site is composed of the main building fort and the subsidiary building warehouse and stable outside the dock. The dock is square, 48.10 meters long. It is built with adobe. There are two groups of houses in the dock. The dock wall is located in the middle of the east wall, 3 meters wide. There are corner piers in the northeast and southwest corner of the dock.
Historical records
More than 21000 bamboo slips were unearthed. There are bamboo slips, bamboo slips, Gu, seal inspection, cutting clothes and so on. The earliest chronological slips are in the third year of Taishi (94 BC), and the latest is in the 13th year of Yongyuan (101 AD). Among them, Xuandi, Yuandi and chengdi bamboo slips are the most.
The contents include imperial edicts, decrees, imperial examinations, official records, books, letters of appeal, impeachment, Fu, Zhuan, Li Pu, Shu Shu Shu Shu, Zi Shu, Yi Fang, Xiangma Jing, etc. There are many ink inscriptions on the wall, which involve the imperial edicts and prescriptions. Especially in the fifth year of the first year of emperor Ping of the Western Han Dynasty (AD 5), "the imperial edicts of envoys and inspectors of the central government at four seasons and fifty orders of the moon", which are directly in the official script, with neat font and well preserved, are the latest materials for studying the calendar, agricultural technology and medical level of the Han Dynasty.
Other relics include copper, iron, lacquer, wood, bone, leather, silk, hemp, paper, wool and grain, totaling more than 3250 pieces. Among them, a large number of hemp paper unearthed in the Western Han and Xuan dynasties proved that as early as the Western Han Dynasty, paper had been widely used as a writing tool in the northwest frontier counties.
geographical environment
Xuanquanzhi site is a small square castle with the gate facing east, surrounded by tall courtyard walls, 50 meters long, and a turret protruding from the dock in the southwest corner. The dock wall is made of adobe about 40 cm, 20 cm and 11 cm in length, width and thickness. There are three groups of adobe wall bungalows with 12 rooms (including one suite) in different periods built on the west wall and North wall of the dock, which are the accommodation area; there are office buildings on the East and north sides; there are three stables in the southwest corner and north; there are three stables with a length of about 50 meters in the southwest outside of the dock, which are in the north-south direction. The west of the dock is a waste accumulation area.
Unearthed relics
More than 17650 pieces of relics have been unearthed from the Xuanquanzhi site, including more than 15000 bamboo slips with rich connotations, and other relics, such as copper and iron, in terms of texture. Lacquer, wood, pottery, hemp, fur, silk, paper, grain, animal bones and other categories, such as the use of money, weapons, furniture, tools, hunting gear, stationery, clothing and daily necessities.
For example, steel arrowheads, five baht coins, iron and wood tools, farm tools, hooks, pottery pots, pottery bowls, lacquer fungus cups, stone inkstones, drawing boards, grasses, reeds, bamboo mats, comb castors, leather shoes, hemp shoes, toys, barley, wheat, green trees, millet, millet, millet, peas, lentils, black beans, garlic, apricot stones, alfalfa, peach stones, horse bones, and a large number of horse heads and legs with bright colors are preserved.
The hanging spring is close to the mountain pass and runs up the valley to the top of the mountain. There is spring water for food.
Because of the water flowing down from the high platform, hanging into the pool, No. RI Xuanquan.
(Xiliang foreign body annals) says: "Li Guangli, general of the second division of the Han Dynasty, attacked Dawan in the West. When he returned to this mountain, his soldiers were thirsty. Guangnai opened the mountain with his hand, took a sad oath to heaven, stabbed the mountain with his sword, and the spring gushed out to help the three armies
After this excavation, we learned from Jian du that Xuanquan was built in the Western Han Dynasty as "Xuanquan in Xiaogu, Dunhuang county" and "Zhi" was the post station. The name was still used in the Tang Dynasty, but gradually abandoned after the Song Dynasty. Since the Qing Dynasty, it has been called "diaoshui" and "ershiquan".
Layout structure
Judging from the sites that have been exposed, the integrity of the structure of the remains, the richness of the unearthed relics, the intact preservation of the remains, and the extensive cultural connotation are one of the great achievements of the archaeological circles in China. Among them, there is a clear horizon and accurate chronology Jiandu coexistence relationship between the Western Han Dynasty Xuan AI Emperor Period (73 BC-1 BC) writing ink hemp paper unearthed; the traditional Eastern Han Dynasty Cai Lun paper said, is an undoubted breakthrough. According to the available data, it can be concluded that the upper limit of the age of Xuanquan site began in the third year of the Taishi reign of Emperor Wu of the Western Han Dynasty (94 BC), went through the Western Han Dynasty and the Eastern Han Dynasty, and the lower limit reached the Wei and Jin Dynasties, which lasted for nearly 400 years.
Xuanquanzhi site is the site with the largest number of bamboo slips and the richest contents after Juyan site. The scientific excavation of the site provides very important material materials for the study of the structure, shape and layout of the post station in Han and Jin Dynasties. A large number of bamboo slips and other kinds of relics associated with it provide us with a better understanding of the post system in Han Dynasty and the politics, economy, military and culture of the northwest frontier region It is of great historical, scientific and cultural value.
Traffic information
Xuanquan site, 60 kilometers east of Dunhuang City, can take a taxi from Dunhuang railway station.
Snacks around
Mixed juice powder soup
Hezhi is a unique mixed powder soup made by Jiuquan. It's soup is mainly mutton soup, and then add pork soup and chicken soup, mixed preparation, the soup color is required to be clear, no seasoning residue or meat crumbs and other debris.
Antler potherb
The dried vegetable is white and slightly yellowish. It grows in the moss of the primeval forest above 3000 meters above sea level. It is rich in amino acids, cellulose and various trace elements. It contains 25.25% crude fiber, 1.63 mg vitamin C, 2.54% crude protein, 55 mg carotene per 100g. It also contains calcium, iron, phosphorus, zinc and other trace elements Element is a kind of pure natural green food without arsenic.
Address: andon highway, Dunhuang City, Gansu Province
Longitude: 95.307569
Latitude: 40.217595
Ticket information: Free
Opening hours: all day
Chinese PinYin : Xuan Quan Zhi Yi Zhi
Xuanquanji site
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Diaoluoshan National Forest Park . Diao Luo Shan Guo Jia Sen Lin Gong Yuan