Qingtongxia Bird Island

Qingtongxia Bird Island

Qingtongxia bird island covers an area of 30000 mu. It is more than 10 km long from north to South and 3 km wide from east to west. Among them, there are more than 5000 mu of natural forest, more than 20000 mu of Swan Lake, Central Lake and West Lake. Bird island is close to national highway 109 in the West and along the Yellow River in the East. It is organically combined with the 108 pagodas, niushouciyun, one of the eight scenic spots in Ningxia, the temples in the West and in the west, and the famous water conservancy projects in the Yellow River Basin.

Geographical features

Bird island has more than 100 kinds of birds, groups of wild ducks and groups of national second-class protected birds, such as white swan and egret, are increasing every day. Bird island is being launched to a high standard, and a hundred bird paradise in natural forest area will soon appear, forming a world of hundred birds singing and Kingfisher; deer and various animals in nature, natural scenery, and grassland ecology in forest area will develop harmoniously; numerous wooden houses in forest area have harmonious appearance with nature, and elegant internal facilities; 2500 mu of artificial forest and more than 5000 mu of natural forest area will echo; nearly 10000 mu of forest area will be built Canadian alfalfa decorates bird island. Bird island is indeed a beautiful Western scenic spot with beautiful scenery and beautiful flowers.

The origin of the name

There used to be no bird island in Qingtongxia. In the 1960s, the Qingtongxia water control project cut off the Yellow River and traveled a 20 km long gorge around Guangwu town in the south of Qingtongxia City. The wide water surface and dense reeds that suddenly appear in the desert provide an ideal habitat for all kinds of birds flying here. In 1986, bird island was designated as the only bird nature reserve in Ningxia. In the early 1980s, the bird island was mainly supplied by the Yellow River, which was divided into the middle river, the East River and the West River. The river water flowed from the middle river to the West River, and gradually formed the central lake, the West Lake, the Hongzha lake and the lake island bainiatan. The total area of bird island is more than 50 square kilometers, of which the water area is more than 20 square kilometers. More than 160 kinds of birds live here. Among them, more than 10 kinds of birds belong to class I or II protected by the state. Swans, white cranes and Chinese merganser are frequent visitors here, and there are more than 600000 birds at most.

Historical evolution

Bird island is the largest and most developed silting island in Qingtongxia reservoir. Before 1993, the largest Yellow River beach wetland ecosystem in Ningxia was formed in the process of sedimentation for more than 20 years. There are many lakes, swamps and river forks in the bird island, which constitute a rich and colorful ecological landscape of natural secondary wetland. According to the rough survey at that time, there were more than 30 kinds of fish, more than 300 kinds of birds, with an annual capacity of hundreds of thousands. It became a veritable paradise for birds.

However, for many years, the bird island of the reservoir has not been effectively managed due to various problems, such as the delineation of land boundary, unclear land ownership, different management focus, and unsmooth organization. Since the early 1990s, some farmers in Zhongning County along the southern coast of the reservoir area began to build dykes and open up wasteland for farming. In the next few years, the large tidal flats and rivers in the reserve were divided by some farmers, who built dams, drained the lake water, wantonly cut down trees and cultivated farmland, resulting in serious damage to the wetland ecological environment in the reservoir area. According to statistics, 30000 mu of trees in the reservoir area have been destroyed, and natural vegetation has been completely lost. At that time, there are only about 8.7 square kilometers of natural secondary forest and artificial forest land in the bird island, which was full of forest and grass. Except for the marsh meadow with an area of about 5 square kilometers at the head of the island, the rest have been reclaimed as farmland by farmers. There are only more than 10 kinds of more than 300 kinds of birds in the original Bird Island, and the number of wild birds has decreased dramatically, resulting in the deterioration of the ecological environment. According to the survey, there are about 50000 mu of farmland reclaimed by private beach owners in the reservoir area. Most of them are 27946 mu, and the others are more than 1000 mu. All of them are rented to nearby villagers for farming by contract. The beach owners collect the rent and obtain a lot of improper income.

Geographical situation

Due to the unauthorized entry of nearby farmers into the nature reserve to cut down trees, destroy forests and open up wasteland, and reclaim land, individual "beachhead" even developed tens of thousands of mu of land, and then contracted to other farmers for farming, the environment of the nature reserve has been greatly damaged. Although some work has been carried out, the ecological protection of nature reserves has not been completely solved because of the disunity of administrative divisions and the scope of nature reserves, which makes it difficult to coordinate the division and management of land ownership in Zhongning county and Qingtongxia City. This time, the government of the autonomous region transferred about 80.2 square kilometers of land to Qingtongxia City, including Xintian and Yuejin villages in Baima township of Zhongning. By transferring the management right of the reserve, adjusting the administrative division properly, and thoroughly solving the unified management problem of the reserve, the purpose is to strengthen the protection of Qingtongxia Reservoir Wetland, restore the natural ecology of bird island as soon as possible, maintain the biodiversity, adjust the local climate and environment, and ensure the normal function of the reservoir.

In formulating the zoning adjustment plan, the civil affairs department fully considered the current situation of the reserve and its surrounding areas, and followed the three principles of "conducive to the ecological restoration of the reserve, conducive to the protection of the vital interests of the farmers, and conducive to social stability." After the adjustment, the two villages are under the jurisdiction of Xiakou town of Qingtongxia City, which not only provides convenience for the people of the two villages in farmland irrigation, nearby school and medical treatment, but also brings the construction and development of the two villages into the unified planning of Qingtongxia City. Farmers in the two villages are encouraged to change their production and invest in the ecological restoration project and tourism development of the reserve, actively strive to implement projects such as drinking water for human beings and livestock, and build and improve roads, electric power, transportation and farmland irrigation conditions. We will strengthen investment and guidance in education in the two villages, and further improve the level of compulsory education in the two villages. The villagers of the two villages were included in the new rural cooperative medical system of Qingtongxia City in 2007, and the village group standard clinics were established. The Health Bureau of Qingtongxia City selected special personnel to be responsible for the EPI and health care work of the two villages, strengthened personnel training, and improved the level of medical workers. According to the principle of "guarantee as much as possible", the poor people should be included in the rural minimum living allowance and rural medical assistance system, so as to ensure the basic life of the poor people in the village.

In 1999, seeing that it was difficult to protect bird island alone, Qingtongxia City decided to introduce company management mode and capital and lease it to an investment company as a whole. However, after the company took over, some villagers in Yuejin Village still went their own way and often went to the woodland to steal sheep. The company reluctantly expressed its inability to develop and protect bird island to Qingtongxia municipal government.

The former Qingtongxia Reservoir Wetland Nature Reserve Management Bureau of the Environmental Protection Bureau of the autonomous region established the Reserve Management Bureau in July 2003 to protect the wetland, put an end to the behavior of opening up wasteland for farmland, and restore the developed wetland year by year. However, due to the inconsistency between the administrative division and the scope of the nature reserve, the ecological problems of the nature reserve have not been completely solved, and the dispute over the interests of the bird island is hard to return. Wetland area is still not up to the requirements. At least 20000 mu of Lake Wetland and no man's land should be set up so that birds can stay and migratory birds can become residents.

Address: Qingtongxia Town, Qingtongxia City, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region

Longitude: 105.90557598605

Latitude: 37.756231691776

Chinese PinYin : Qing Tong Xia Niao Dao