Guangyue tower

Guangyue tower

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Guangyue tower, also known as "yumulou", "Gulou" and "dongchanglou", is located in the middle of the ancient city of Dongchangfu District, Liaocheng City, Shandong Province. It was built in 1374 A.D. in the seventh year of Hongwu Period of Ming Dynasty.

In the platform ticket album of China's famous buildings, Guangyue tower, stork tower, Yellow Crane Tower, Yueyang Tower, Taibai tower, Tengwang tower, Penglai tower, Zhenjiang tower, Jiaxiu tower and Daguan tower constitute China's top ten famous buildings.

Guangyue tower is an ancient and majestic wooden pavilion in China. It is a representative work of the transition from song and Yuan Dynasties to Ming and Qing Dynasties. It plays an important role in the history of ancient Chinese architecture. In 1988, Guangyue tower was listed as a national key cultural relic protection unit, enjoying the reputation of "although yellow crane and Yueyang should also be worshipped"

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Construction background

In the early Ming Dynasty, the situation in the North was very unstable. In order to prevent the restoration of the Mongolian ruling group, Chen Yong, the commander of pingshanwei, changed the building of Earth City into brick city from the second year to the fifth year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty. In order to "be strict and watch the enemy's distance", report the time and report to the police, and use the remaining wood of Xiucheng to build a more Drum Tower, which is 100 feet high, so it was originally named "yumulou". As a result, people call it "Drum Tower". In the 22nd year of Chenghua (1486) of the Ming Dynasty, when Yang Neng, the magistrate, was repairing the building, he named it "Dongchang building" because of its location. In the ninth year of Hongzhi (1496), wailang Li, a member of the Ministry of official examination, praised Dongchang and visited the governor Jin Tianxi. He ascended the building and marveled at it. Although the Yellow Crane and Yueyang should be worshipped. It's a hundred years ago. It's still lonely. It has no name. Isn't it true? Because he and Tianxi commented on the name of "Guangyue tower", he took Lu Youguang as his near neighbor and named it Daiyue. " Since then, the "Guangyue tower" has been used in the rebuilt inscriptions.

Architectural style

Guangyue tower is a Cross Ridge pavilion with four eaves. It is 33 meters high and consists of piers and 4-story main building.

Piers and abutments are 4-sided platforms made of brick and stone, with a height of 9.38 meters. The bottom edge is 34.43 meters long and the upper edge is 31.93 meters long, covering a total area of 1185.42 square meters. In the middle of the East, West, South and north sides of the platform, there are half of the ticket shaped arches, and the place from the ticket to the center of the platform forms a cross arch. The four arches are the same, with an average width of 5.76 meters, a straight foot height of 2.90 meters and a vertical height of 2.88 meters. The gate is built on the top of the ticket. The south is called "civilization", the north is called "Wuding", the East is called "Taiping", and the west is called "Xingli". On the top of the platform, there are three layers of eaves bricks, on which a female wall is built. The wall is 1.12 meters high and 0.45 meters thick, and the south direction of the building is respected. A small arch is opened on both sides of the south facing arch, similar to the middle arch in shape. The forehead of the small arch on the east side is carved with bluestone, inscribed with "Fengcheng xianque" and "langyuan Yingzhou" on the west side, respectively inscribed by an yuebo and Zhu Xumao. According to historical records, an yuebo and Zhu Xumeng were both from the Qing Dynasty. It can be seen that these two plaques were all carved during the maintenance of Guangyue tower. The west gate is a false gate, only in form, in order to match the east gate. The east gate is the only access to the building, 3.14m wide, 1.75m high and 1.57m high. Inside the arch, another small ticket was built, with the width of the door opening of 1.86 meters. Inside the door is a square room with a step in the East, which is upgraded to 4 steps to the terrace. There is a small window on the south wall of the building for ventilation and lighting. Turning north, it will be upgraded to 37 levels to the platform, and then to 15 levels to the platform, a total of 56 levels. An open pavilion was built on the well head of the ladder to prevent rainwater intrusion. Its architectural age seems to be in the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty. Its location is just on the east central axis of the building. As the east gate is the main avenue, its building is added as a sign. The open porch is 5 rooms wide and 3 rooms deep. The surface width of Mingjian and Jijian is 2.30 m, and that of shoot is only 0.67 M. There are three stairwells in Ming and secondary. An open corridor was formed between the tips, and a sill wall was set between the columns, which was used by the king of an Wu to rest when climbing the tower. The open porch is light and bright with single eaves and rolling shed roof. There is a wooden plaque of "ascending the green cloud ladder together" inscribed by Qigong, a famous contemporary calligrapher, at the entrance of the open Pavilion ladder. The font is elegant and the writing power is strong. The platform is plastered and built around the women's wall, and there are drainage channels on the East and west sides.

The four story main building is built on the high platform, all of which are of wood structure, square corridor, 24 meters high, with 192 gold pillars and 200 brackets. On the first floor, the floor is slightly higher than the table top, square, and surrounded by stones. The width and depth of the surface are all 7 rooms. The width of the surface of the exposed room is 4.05 meters, and that of the secondary room and the tip room is smaller than that of the exposed room, ranging from 2.79 meters to 2.90 meters. The width of the room is the smallest, ranging from 1.75 m to 1.89 m, which is the corridor of the building. The floor itself has 5 rooms in depth and 5 in width, with double trough columns inside and outside, plus a gallery, so the structure is fresh and clear. There are 20 eaves and columns with a diameter of 0.60 meters, all wrapped in 1.34 meters thick brick wall. The surface of the wall is decorated with red chalkiness, the inside is not whitewashed, and the exposed water brick wall. There are two panel doors in each open room, without door decoration. There are 4 hairpins in the crown, with diamond shape in the middle and round shape on both sides. Two windows on the floor. A total of 12 gold pillars with a diameter of 0.60 meters were painted black. On the north side of the first floor of the gate, a Lu Ban shrine is set on the eaves and gold pillars of the Ming Dynasty. There are statues of Luban in the niche, and small ladders on the left and right for lifting. A wooden plaque of "wonderful workmanship" was hung above the niche. On the left and right pillars of the niche, there is a couplet written by sun Tongfeng, the former head of Liaocheng County, and written by Jiang Weisong: "Mount Tai stands to the East, the Yellow River faces to the west, the mountains are full of color, the wine is boundlessly good, the books are shot from many platforms, the people are outstanding, and there is Yu Xin when you go upstairs to cherish the past." On the forehead of the southeast gate on the first floor, there are wooden horizontal plaques on each side. In the East is "Tai Dai, in the east to make a green screen", and in the south is "universe Wenheng".

In the second layer, the width and depth are still 7 rooms, and the size of the best room is smaller, ranging from 1.16M to 1.26m. In fact, the best room is the corridor, that is, the flat seat part. This layer is divided into four open doors, three straight doors, square lattice windows on both sides, and ladder wells connecting the upper and lower layers between East and West. In a week, Jinzhu is surrounded by a rectangular room, which is divided into large and small rooms. South to the middle door, left and right round window. Looking up, there is an empty well, and four beams can be seen. This room used to be used by "Wenchang emperor", so it was named Wenchang Pavilion. It is said that Emperor Qianlong went to Jiangnan seven times, visited the East six times, passed Dongchangfu nine times and ascended guangyuelou five times. He lived in Wenchang Pavilion for many times and wrote 13 poems for Guangyue tower. Therefore, Wenchang Pavilion is also called "Qianlong Palace". On both sides of the gate of Wenchang Pavilion, there is a collection of couplets inscribed by Feng Zikai, a famous historian and calligrapher: "when the light falls before, the working people's wisdom is limitless; Yuejun tower is high, and the great motherland's cultural relics are Yongchang." Under the eaves on the second floor, wooden plaques with a length of 3 meters and a height of 1.4 meters are hung. Hanging under the southern eaves is a plaque: "Shenguang Zhonglei", which was inscribed by Emperor Kangxi of Qing Dynasty. The edge is decorated with dragon pattern, jade seal and gold characters on a blue background. Under the North eaves is the plaque of "Guangyue tower" inscribed by Guo Moruo, a famous historian and archaeologist, in 1974 to commemorate the 600th anniversary of the completion of Guangyue tower. The plaque has black characters on a white background and is magnificent. The plaque of "Taiping Pavilion" hung under the eastern eaves was inscribed by Deng Zhongyue, the number one scholar from Liaocheng, who was "the word dominates the world" in the 60th year of the reign of Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty (1721). Under the West eaves, there is a plaque with black characters on a white background, which is used by historians of the Qing Dynasty to explain the post. The stairs on both sides of the second floor rise 16 steps to the third floor.

The third floor is the dark floor, which is actually the structural floor of the building. The 12 gold columns and 20 eaves columns from the bottom to the top form a whole, making it more solid and stable. Therefore, the three floors are also the main frame of the building. There are 5 rooms in width, depth and depth. The upper end between the gold pillars and the eaves pillars is the beam frame, which runs through the second floor, so there are only three dark floors. "Careful room" is the empty well in the center of the building, with railings around. The top of the column is equipped with a significant rolling brake. This case is consistent with the Song Dynasty's "creating a French style". The external eaves and arches are connected, the beams and columns intersect, and the fangs and wood pass through each other. The structure is compact, dense and appropriate, which fully embodies the architecture, aesthetics, mechanics and technology in this building. From north to south, the third layer of the East secondary reaches the fourth layer by 13 steps.

The fourth floor is the highest floor of the building. There are 28 columns in total. The width of the surface and the depth are all three. The plane is square, which is suddenly smaller than that of the lower floors. The width of Mingjian is 5.66 meters, which is larger than that of other Mingjian floors. The purpose is to lengthen the Cross Ridge, improve the center of gravity of Guangyue building, and make it more magnificent in appearance. There are 6 windows in the open room, and round ice windows in the secondary room. There is an empty well in the middle and railings around. The roof is a cross roof, with lotus columns suspended in the middle of the roof, and eight oblique ridges on three frame beams and angle beams respectively. The ridge of the building is Xieshan Cross Ridge. In the middle of the ridge top is a 3-meter-high, 1.5-meter-diameter transparent flower iron gourd.

Architectural features

Although Guangyue building has been rebuilt for several times, most of its building components are still the original ones at the beginning of the construction, basically maintaining the original appearance. It is an important relic of the early Ming Dynasty, and many places retain the style of song and Yuan Dynasties.

In terms of form, the brick terrace, double eaves and hollow well inside the Cross Ridge are still inherited from the song and Yuan Dynasty pavilions; in terms of details, the Nanjing palace built in the early Hongwu Period of the Ming Dynasty has begun to use the ancient mirror style, and this building is still in the basin style since the song and Yuan Dynasties; in terms of structure, the side corner of the column rises, the building is placed in a dark floor, the internal and external column rows are of equal height, the bucket arch is sparse and the column head is not widened, They all inherit the biographies of Tang and Song dynasties

Chinese PinYin : Guang Yue Lou