Qingdao Port

Qingdao Port

Qingdao port is the port of Qingdao City, Shandong Province, China. It is located on the Jiaozhou Bay of Shandong Peninsula, adjacent to the Yellow Sea and across the sea from Japan and the Korean Peninsula. It is an international trade port and transit hub along the Yellow River Basin and the west coast of the Pacific Ocean

.

In 1892, the Qing government built two wharves in Qingdao Bay

. In 1901, Qingdao began to build a big port. In 1976, Qingdao port began its first container business. At the beginning of 1992, Qingdao port opened the first international shipping trunk line and docked the first third generation container ship. On February 24, 2002, Qingdao port opened the international container route to West Asia

.

According to the comprehensive relevant information in 2004, the water area of Qingdao port is 420 square kilometers

Qingdao port is divided into four parts: Dagang Port, Zhonggang port, Huangdao Oil Port and Qianwan port

. Qingdao port business covers Shandong, radiation along the Yellow River, direct to Central Asia

. As of 2011, Qingdao port has 18 wharves and 69 berths

. By the end of 2018, Qingdao port had more than 160 container routes. In 2019, the cargo throughput of Qingdao port exceeded 515 million tons, with a year-on-year growth of 6.1%; the container throughput was 21.11 million TEU, with a year-on-year growth of 8.8%; the operating revenue was 12.164 billion yuan, with a year-on-year growth of 3.6%; the net profit attributable to shareholders of listed companies was 3.790 billion yuan, with a year-on-year growth of 5.5%.

Historical evolution

In 1415, the Jiaolai Canal was closed, but the Henan section of the canal was still navigable and transferred from land to Dengzhou. At this time, the status of Banqiao port was replaced by Tabu. After the Ming court approved the memorial of Xu Di's local affairs, Qingdao port, nugukou port and Jinkou port gradually rose and became a maritime port.

In the Qing Dynasty, the harbor facilities in Qingdao were improved. Although the Qing government carried out the "sea ban", the time was tight and the time was loose. During the reign of Qianlong (1711-1799), the prosperity of Jinkou port was "connected to the four seas and three rivers". However, due to the closed door policy, the development of Qingdao port is slow.

In June, 1891, after the construction of Qingdao, it began to build the Qianhai trestle iron wharf and the small stone Wharf in front of the chief yamen, also known as Yamen Bridge, for soldiers to load and unload military supplies

.

In 1892, the Qing government built two wharves in Qingdao Bay

.

In April, 1898, Germany funded the construction of Qingdao port.

In the spring of 1901, the dock of Qingdao small port was completed and the big port was built.

In 1914, Qingdao port was destroyed during the Japanese German war.

In 1976, Qingdao port began its first container business.

In 1980, Qingdao port set up a container business section in the third loading and unloading operation area, which turned berth 42 of terminal 6 into a special operation site, with 162 meters of coastline, 6800 square meters of international container yard and 2500 square meters of domestic container yard.

On August 6, 1983, the container business section of Qingdao port was cancelled and the container company of Qingdao port administration was established.

In 1985, terminal 8 of Qingdao port was completed and put into operation. The container handling operation of Qingdao port was moved from berth 42 of terminal 6 to berth 52 of terminal 8 as a special berth for container operation.

In 1987, Qingdao port had the first container crane and two feeder routes.

In 1988, Qingdao port completed the container throughput of 86000 TEUs at berth 52, exceeding the designed throughput of 50000 TEUs at berth 52.

In 1991, Qingdao port transformed the No. 47 berth with 300m long coastline, 13m draft, wide rear yard, smooth railway transportation and good wharf structure into a special container berth.

At the beginning of 1992, Qingdao port opened the first international shipping trunk line and docked the first third generation container ship.

On April 1, 1996, the EDI (Electronic Data Interchange) system of container transportation in Qingdao port was officially opened.

In 1997, Qingdao port was built into a coastal port information center.

In April 1996, a 3000 ton container cold storage was built in Qingdao port.

On October 11, 1998, Qingdao port, together with Jingtang Port and Shandong Haifeng Company, officially opened the container public inner branch line around Bohai Bay. On November 18, a direct route from Qingdao to New Zealand was opened.

In 1999, Qingdao port successively held the inaugural ceremonies of container liner routes from Taiwan to East China and North China, China Australia international container liner route and far east to Europe.

On July 1, 2000, Qingdao port held the ceremony of its maiden voyage to the Mediterranean Sea.

On February 24, 2002, Qingdao port opened the international container route to West Asia

.

Since 2016, the general terminal of Dongjiakou port area of Qingdao port, the 450000 ton crude oil terminal and other 6 terminals and 10 berths have been officially put into operation

.

On May 11, 2017, Qingdao port fully automated container terminal phase I project was put into commercial operation.

On November 28, 2019, Qingdao port fully automated terminal (phase II) will be put into operation.

position environment

Location context

Qingdao port is located in Jiaozhou Bay on the South Bank of Shandong Peninsula. Its geographical coordinates are 120 ° 19 ′ 05 ″ E and 36 ° 04 ′ n. According to the comprehensive relevant information in 2004, the water area of Qingdao port is 420 square kilometers

Qingdao port is divided into four parts: Dagang Port, Zhonggang port, Huangdao Oil Port and Qianwan port

. Qingdao port business covers Shandong, radiation along the Yellow River, direct to Central Asia

.

The boundary of Qingdao port is divided into water area and land area. Water area: from taipingjiao to Xiangzui, from gushanjiao to huangshanzui, from huangshanzui to xianlangzui, from xianlangzui to jiaozishizui, each leading a straight line. The water area within the four lines is the water port boundary. At the same time, a straight line from tuandaozi to jiaozishizui serves as the boundary between the inner and outer ports, with the outer port in the East and the inner port in the West. Land area: from the tip of Xiaogang south breakwater, along the west coast of Xiaogang, along Heze Road, Shenxian road and Xiaogang, along No.1 road to the root of Xiaogang north breakwater, and then along the coast of Zhonggang, along Xinjiang road to Dagang entrance access road, it extends to the northeast, along the railway line to the railway bridge cave at the former site of No.5 battery, turns to the northwest, and along the shoreline of guomian No.1, No.2 factory and Qingdao power plant to gushanjiao railway bridge cave

.

climatic conditions

Wind conditions: Qingdao port has south and Southeast winds in summer and North and northwest winds in winter. There are about 8 days of gale days above magnitude 7 every year, and typhoon occurs about 1-2 times a year, which has little impact on the port.

Precipitation: the annual average precipitation of Qingdao port is 755.6 mm, with the most rainfall from June to August, accounting for 70% of the whole year.

Fog condition: the annual average fog days are 51.6 days, with the most from April to July every year, which has little impact on shipping and production.

Temperature: the annual average temperature of Qingdao port is 12.1 ℃, the extreme maximum temperature is 35.4 ℃, and the extreme minimum temperature is - 16 ℃.

Tide: Qingdao port is a regular semidiurnal tide type, with an average high tide level of 3.85 m, an average low tide level of 1.08 m, a maximum high tide level of 5.36 m and a minimum low tide level of 0.70 M.

Tidal current: Qingdao port is a semi diurnal tidal current. The general characteristics are that the velocity of rising tide is greater than that of falling tide, and the duration of rising tide is less than that of falling tide. The tidal current basically belongs to reciprocating flow, and the direction of maximum velocity is parallel to the coast. 51 M / s and 0. 33 m / s respectively.

hydrographic features

The maximum tidal range of Qingdao port is 4.50M, and the minimum tidal range is 0.25m. The harbor is wide and deep without silting and freezing

. Waves: the waves in Jiaozhou Bay are mainly reflected and diffracted by the waves in the small wind area and the waves in the open sea passing through the bay mouth.

Hardware facilities

Channel berth

Qingdao port channel is divided into outer channel and inner channel. The outer channel is divided into the main channel (about 22 nautical miles long) and two specified routes

 

.

In 2005, Qingdao port had 15 wharves and 73 berths, including 13 operating wharves and 49 operating berths. There are 32 berths above 10000 DWT, 6 berths for 50000 DWT ships, 6 berths for 100000 DWT ships and 2 berths for 300000 DWT ships

 

.

As of 2011, Qingdao port has 18 wharves and 69 berths

 

.

Handling facilities

As of March 2019, Qingdao port Qiangang branch has 3 ship unloaders, 25 gantry cranes and 6 stackers and reclaimers, which can meet the operation capacity needs of large bulk carriers of 50000-250000 tons.

Qingdao port Dongjiakou company has 37 sets of large-scale operation equipment and matching mobile machinery, and 4 ship unloaders, each with a rated unloading rate of 3500 tons per hour. More than 21000 meters of belt is used to connect all storage yards. The unloading rate is 10500 T / h

 

Chinese PinYin : Qing Dao Gang