Fuxi Temple

Fuxi temple, formerly known as Taihao palace, is commonly known as Renzong temple. It was built between the 19th and 20th years of Chenghua in Ming Dynasty (1483-1484). After nine renovations, it has formed a large-scale architectural complex. It is the only Fuxi temple in China with a statue of Fuxi.

Fuxi temple was built on the street, with many courtyards, four into four courtyards, grand and deep. There are 10 ancient buildings in the temple, including theater tower, memorial archway, gate, instrument gate, congenital hall, Taiji hall, bell tower, Drum Tower and Laihe hall; there are 6 new buildings, including court house, stele gallery and exhibition hall, and there are 76 new and old buildings.

In Tianshui, it is said that the 16th day of the first month is the birthday of Fuxi. According to the tradition, people go to the Fuxi Temple "chaorenzong", which is the grand and grand temple fair of Fuxi temple. On this day every year, Tianshui people worship Fuxi, the ancestor of humanity. They look up to the simple, honest and kind face of "renzu", recall the glorious history of the Chinese nation, remember the great achievements of the ancestor of humanity in initiating Chinese civilization, cherish the grace of the ancestor, and carry forward Fuxi Culture.

Fuxi Temple

One of the famous ancient buildings in Northwest China, formerly known as Taihao palace, is located at Fuxi Road, Xiguan, Qinzhou District, Tianshui City, Gansu Province. In 1963, it was announced by the people's Government of Gansu Province as a key cultural relic protection unit in Gansu Province, and is now a key cultural relic protection unit in China.

Fuxi temple is located in the north facing south, facing the street, with many courtyards and four courtyards. There are 10 ancient buildings in the temple, including theater tower, memorial archway, gate, Yimen, Xianxian hall, Taiji hall, bell tower, Drum Tower and Laihe hall, and 6 new buildings, including court house, stele gallery and exhibition hall. There are 76 new and old buildings. The whole complex includes archway, gate, Yimen, Xianxian hall and Taiji hall, which are arranged in turn along the vertical axis, advancing layer by layer, solemn and majestic.

In February 2020, in order to pay homage to the medical workers who are struggling in the front line of anti epidemic, Fuxi Temple scenic area will be free of tickets for medical workers in the whole country within one year since it resumed business.

History of scenic spots

On June 25, 2001, Fuxi temple, as an ancient building of Ming and Qing Dynasties, was approved by the State Council as a national key cultural relics protection unit.

The temple was first built between the 19th and 20th years of Chenghua in the Ming Dynasty (1483-1484). After nine renovations, it formed a large-scale architectural complex.

After the ninth renovation from 1885 to 1887, it covers an area of 13000 square meters, with an existing area of more than 6600 square meters.

Fuxi temple was built on the street, with many courtyards, four into four courtyards, grand and deep.

There are 10 ancient buildings in the temple, including theater tower, memorial archway, gate, instrument gate, congenital hall, Taiji hall, bell tower, Drum Tower and Laihe hall, and 6 new buildings, including court house, stele gallery and exhibition hall.

There are 76 new and old buildings. The whole complex faces south. The archway, gate, Yimen, Xianxian hall and Taiji hall are arranged in turn along the vertical axis, advancing layer by layer, solemn and majestic.

The court room and stele gallery are symmetrically distributed along the horizontal axis, which is regular and has a distinctive Chinese traditional architectural art style.

Because Fuxi was the first emperor in ancient history, the building complex was the largest Fuxi sacrificial building complex in China.

Because of the Fuxi temple, xiaoxiguan city was also called Fuxi city before the Republic of China.

Xiantian hall, also known as the main hall and the main hall, is the main building of Fuxi temple in the middle of the back of the courtyard. It stands on the brick platform 1.7 meters high in the north of the courtyard.

In the grand hall, there is a colossal statue of Fuxi. In the center of the caisson ceiling, the eight trigrams of Heluo in Taiji are drawn. The four sides are divided into sixty-four squares, and sixty-four trigrams are carved inside.

Behind the Xiantian hall is Taiji hall, also known as the retreat hall, the sleeping hall, and the sleeping palace. It was built according to the custom of "the front palace and the back Palace". It was originally for Fuxi and later for Shennong. The building scale is slightly smaller than Xiantian hall.

There are ancient cypresses all over the courtyard of Fuxi temple, which were planted in the Ming Dynasty. The original 64 plants symbolize the number of 64 hexagrams of Fuxi, and the existing 37 plants. Tall and straight, green and thick.

There were two ancient locust trees in the East and west corner of the gate of Fuxi temple. There is one plant in the East with hollow trunk, which was identified as planted in Tang Dynasty.

On the 16th day of Fuxi's birthday on the first lunar month, the surrounding people, supporting the old and carrying the young, come to Fuxi temple one after another to worship and offer sacrifices to "renzuye". For a time, the temple was filled with magnificent candles, cigarette smoke, bells and drums, and devout men and women.

Fuxi temple gate square is also called gate, main gate, front gate and head gate.

geographical environment

Fuxi temple in Tianshui

It is the most grand and well preserved Ming Dynasty building complex in memory of Fuxi, one of the "Three Emperors" in ancient China.

In 1963, the people's government announced it as a key cultural relics protection unit in Gansu Province. Fuxi temple is located at Fuxi Road, Xiguan, Qincheng District, Tianshui city.

The ancient buildings of guatai mountain have been destroyed completely, while the main buildings, statues and other cultural relics of Fuxi temple in Tianshui City have been basically well preserved due to a series of protection measures taken by the Cultural Department of Tianshui City in time.

Many domestic experts and scholars believe that: paying attention to the protection of this building complex has a very important material value for the study of ancient Chinese history, the architectural art of Ming Dynasty, and the local folk customs of Tianshui.

According to historical records, the rulers of the Yuan Dynasty highly praised the "Three Emperors". They believed that the "Three Emperors" should be Fuxi, Shennong and Xuanyuan.

In the third year of Dade of Yuan Dynasty (1299 A.D.), he became emperor of Timur and ordered all the States and counties in the country to build "Three Emperors" temples to worship them.

At that time, Tianshui city was not only the government of Qinzhou, but also the place of Chengji County, which was the hometown of Fuxi. Therefore, the "Three Emperors" temple here was specially built. This temple is the predecessor of Fuxi temple.

Although it was only more than 60 years from the completion of the temple to the fall of the Yuan Dynasty, due to the political turmoil, all parties were involved, and culture, religion, education and other industries were becoming increasingly depressed. As a result, by the early Ming Dynasty, the "Three Emperors" temple in Tianshui had collapsed.

Until the middle of Ming Dynasty, in the third year of Hongzhi (A.D. 1490), under the advocacy organization of Yin Feng, the commander of Qinzhou "Mingwei general", the temple was rebuilt on the basis of the original "Sanhuang" temple, which was called "Fuxi Temple", and has lasted for nearly five centuries.

According to records, Fuxi temple was not very big at first.

Since the third year of Jiajing (1524 AD), Chen Shuo, the censor of tea inspection, spent three years to further develop and repair, which laid the foundation for the scale and layout of Fuxi temple.

In the past 500 years, it has gone through the ten years of Jiajing (1531 A.D.), Shunzhi (1653 A.D.), Qianlong (1740 A.D.), Jiaqing (1806 A.D.) and Guangxu (1887 A.D.) successively, and has been expanded and maintained for many times. Only in this way can it become such a grand and famous ancient building complex. Fuxi temple, sitting north to south, covers an area of more than 10000 square meters. The existing building has two doors and three entrances.

Construction process

It was founded in 1490, and rebuilt in 1523, 1653 and 1739. From the 10th to the 12th year of Jiaqing (1805-1807), the original three were expanded to five, and from the 11th to the 13th year of Guangxu (1885-1887), they were rebuilt. The surface width of 5 rooms is 17 meters, and the depth of 2 rooms is 5.4 meters. Hanging on the top of the mountain, green tile dragon kiss, simple and elegant.

Scenic spots

Enter the gate archway, that is, enter the main gate. This door has five facades, 18 meters in width and two in depth. In the middle of the lintel, there is a huge plaque of "Yu Tian Di Zhun" written by Hu zuanzong, a famous calligrapher of Ming Dynasty, whose ancestral home is Tianshui. Now there is a plaque of "Tai Hao Palace", which is similar to "Yu Tian Di Zhun". Both of them praise Fuxi's boundless kindness to benefit mankind. Although the main gate of Fuxi temple was partially repaired in the Qing Dynasty, its main part still retains the architectural style of the Ming Dynasty, which is really commendable. Up to now, the roof is intact, with dragon kisses at both ends of the ridge, with the tail facing inward, complete back animals, and a vase in the center. This set of simple and elegant ornament components is of high craft and artistic value, which has attracted the attention of many domestic architectural experts and artists. Stepping into the front yard, you can see that there is an ancient pagoda tree in the east of the yard, which is said to be planted in the Tang Dynasty. The years have passed by for more than a thousand years. Despite repeated wars and natural disasters, the spring scenery in the world is still magnificent.

Wenzu hall, facing a large-scale ancient building with green tiles and magnificent structure, is Wenzu hall. Although the hall was rebuilt in the third year of Qianlong reign of the Qing Dynasty (1738 A.D.), its color painting style has maintained the warm tone of the Ming Dynasty, which is praised by experts. Go through the gate and come to the middle yard. Because of the open scene, people feel relieved. This is the central part of the Fucai temple complex. The central position is the January terrace, with the palace, pavilion, pavilion and pavilion, alternating high and low, forming an organic whole with the towering ancient cypresses scattered in the courtyard. According to the folk saying, there were 64 ancient cypresses in the front and back courtyard, which were planted according to the 64 directions deduced from the eight trigrams of Fuxi. There are still 37 plants, evergreen in winter and summer, full of vitality. These ancient cypresses have become precious cultural relics

Chinese PinYin : Fu Xi Miao