Maqu County

Maqu County

Maqu County is subordinate to Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of Gansu Province. It is located in the southwest of Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of Gansu Province, the east end of Qinghai Tibet Plateau, the junction of Gansu, Qinghai and Sichuan provinces, and the first bend of the Yellow River. Located between 100 ° 45 ′ 45 ″～ 102 ° 29 ′ 00 ″ E and 33 ° 06 ′ 30 ″～ 34 ° 30 ′ 15 ″ n, it borders Luqu County of Benzhou on the west of northeast and Ruoergai County and ABA County of Aba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture of Sichuan Province on the southeast.

Maqu County has a total area of 10190 square kilometers and a total population of 54900 (in 2011), of which Tibetans account for two-thirds, with an average altitude of 3700 meters. Maqu belonged to the Qiang Nationality in ancient times. It was only after the Tibetan unified the Qinghai Tibet Plateau in 663 ad that Maqu became a nomadic place for the Tibetan.

In 2011, Maqu County achieved a GDP of 1150.28 million yuan, an increase of 5.5% over 2010 at comparable prices.

On April 28, 2019, the Gansu Provincial Government approved the formal withdrawal of Maqu County from poverty-stricken counties.

Historical evolution

Xizhihe River Basin in Maqu ancient Qiang area. It is recorded in the book of the later Han Dynasty that during the reign of King Mu of the Western Zhou Dynasty, the western expedition to Canrong won five kings and four white deer. The political and religious history of Anduo and Wang Tong Ji of Tibet are also known as one of the six surnames of Tibetans who occupy the three peaks of the plateau. The Mako (Hequ) tribe of Dong's (Dangxiang Qiang) Yinmi, whose totem is Bai Lu, is here.

During the spring and Autumn period and the Warring States period, Dong's descendants had developed into many tribes.

In Qin Dynasty, it was still under the control of Dong family.

In the Han Dynasty, the territory of the Emperor (who claimed to be) of the Ling Kingdom still belonged to Dong by surname and Zhongcun by region.

During the Three Kingdoms period, the land of Hequ belonged to the branch of Qiang and the land of Yi.

In the Jin and southern and Northern Dynasties, the first tune of the Yellow River belonged to Dangxiang miyao area.

In Sui Dynasty, most of them belonged to Heyuan county.

In the Tang Dynasty, he was a Tubo general named sisan (Jiedushi), domiwei (Wei's office was located in Hequ), and was one of the six departments of Kyushu in tongqia (prefecture).

In Song Dynasty, it belonged to tuosima (Duomi) area.

In Yuan Dynasty, it was tuosima road of xuanweisi in Tubo and other places, and it is still called Lingdi.

In the Ming Dynasty, except zhuogenima, which belonged to taozhouwei, the rest of the Lingdi belonged to the Brazilian tribes in the division of Dougan Dusi zanshan.

In the Qing Dynasty, it belonged to the irut tribe of Mongolia. After the event of "Luobu zangdanjin betraying the Qing Dynasty" in 1723, it was under the jurisdiction of the Qing Dynasty's imperial envoy to handle the affairs of Mongolian Fanzi in Qinghai. In 1777, the first official tribe, the Oula tribe, was formed in Hequ. In the 24th year of Guangxu (1898) of Qing Dynasty, the north and south of Hequ were under the jurisdiction of Labrang temple.

In 1928, it belonged to Xiahe County, Gansu Province, but its decrees could only be implemented in Hequ through Labrang temple.

On September 18, 1949, after the liberation of Xiahe County, it became the seventh district of Xiahe County.

In March 1953, the CPC EULA Working Committee and the EULA administrative working group officially entered the first bend of the Yellow River to carry out their work. In September 1953, they were changed into Maqu Working Committee and Maqu administrative committee.

In June 1955, the county was established with the approval of Gansu Provincial People's Committee. Maqu is located near the Yellow River, which is called "Maqu" in Tibetan and belongs to Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture.

On January 1, 1959, Maqu and Luqu were merged and named Taojiang County; on January 1, 1962, Taojiang County was abolished and Maqu and Luqu were restored.

administrative division

Maqu County governs one town and seven townships: NIMA Town, Oula Township, Oula xiuma Township, awankang Township, muxihe Township, qihama Township, cairima Township and manrima township.

geographical environment

position

Maqu County is located in the southwest of Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of Gansu Province, the east end of Qinghai Tibet Plateau, the junction of Gansu, Qinghai and Sichuan provinces, and the first bend of the Yellow River. Located between 100 ° 45 ′ 45 ″～ 102 ° 29 ′ 00 ″ E and 33 ° 06 ′ 30 ″～ 34 ° 30 ′ 15 ″ n, it borders Luqu County in the northeast, Ruoergai County and ABA County in Aba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture in Sichuan Province in the southeast, Jiuzhi County, Gande county and Maqin County in Guoluo Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture in Qinghai Province in the west, and Henan Province in Huangnan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture in Qinghai Province in the north Mongolian Autonomous County.

terrain

Animaqing snow mountain (Jishishan) of Kunlun mountain system runs through the central part of the county from west to East. The west inclined mountains of the West Qinling Mountains extend from north to south into the northern part of the county, forming the topography of Maqu, which is high in the northwest, low in the southeast and decreasing from northwest to Southeast. The altitude of the territory is between 3500 and 3800 meters, with steep peaks, steep mountains, crisscross gullies and turbulent rivers. In the southeast is the second terrace of the Yellow River, with flat surface.

climate

The climate of Maqu County is an obvious plateau continental cold and humid area, which is windy and rainy (snowy) with no difference of four seasons, only cold and warm. The cold season is 314 days long and cold, while the warm season is 51 days short and mild. Concentrated rain, sufficient sunshine, strong radiation, no absolute frost free period. The annual average temperature is 1.2 ℃. The growth period of forage is 190 days. The annual average sunshine time is 26912 hours, the sunshine rate is 61%, and the average sunshine time is 55-68 hours in the growing period of forage.

natural resources

Hydropower resources

Maqu County is the first of the nine bends of the Yellow River. It is rich in hydropower resources, with theoretical reserves of 1.517 million kilowatts, accounting for 42% of the total hydropower reserves of the whole Prefecture, and only 0.2% of the total hydropower resources have been developed. The Yellow River flows from mentang Township, Jiuzhi County, Qinghai Province into muxihe township of our county, with a flow of 433 kilometers, accounting for 59% of the total flow of the Yellow River in Gansu Province. The water flow of the Yellow River when it flows into our county accounts for 20% of the total flow of the Yellow River, and the water flow when it leaves the country increases to 65%. The supplementary water flow of the Yellow River in Maqu section accounts for 45% of the total water flow of the Yellow River, with an annual inflow of 13.7 billion cubic meters and an annual outflow of 16.41 billion cubic meters. The annual output of surface water is 2.71 billion cubic meters. There are many tributaries of the Yellow River in Maqu County, including 28 primary tributaries and more than 300 secondary tributaries, with a wetland area of 5.625 million mu.

Medicinal resources

Maqu County has 151 species of wild medicinal plants belonging to 100 genera and 39 families. Among them, Cordyceps sinensis, Saussurea medusa, Fritillaria kansuensis, Rhododendron decumbens, notopterygium Notopterygii, Rheum tanguticum, Astragalus membranaceus, Gentiana straminea, etc. are widely distributed and of high medicinal and economic value.

mineral resources

Maqu County has been proved to have gold, iron, copper, tin, molybdenum, tungsten and other metal deposits and peat, marble and other non-metallic deposits.

Population nationality

Maqu County, with a total population of 54900 (2011)

There are Tibetan, Hui, Dongxiang, Tu, Bao'an, Manchu, Mongolian, Salar and other nationalities. The Tibetan population is the majority.

Transportation

There are two highways in Maqu County (Gama road and lianga Road) connecting with national highway 213. In Maqu County, seven highways have been built, including Langma highway, Gama highway, ma'a highway, Huangqi highway, Zhaxi highway, Amu highway and luojiu highway.

Political system

County head: Yan Heping

Executive deputy county head: jiute

Deputy county heads: Xue Ruilin, gazang Zhuoma, sonan jiancuo, Dangjiu, Dan zhicairang and Wang Jinquan

Economic overview

overview

In 2011, Maqu County achieved a GDP of 115028 million yuan, an increase of 5.5% compared with 2010. Among them, the added value of the primary industry was 329.73 million yuan, an increase of 6.5% over 2010; the added value of the secondary industry was 451.18 million yuan, an increase of 1.2% over 2010; the added value of the tertiary industry was 3693.7 billion yuan, an increase of 9.2% over 2010. The added value of the primary industry accounts for 28.7% of the GDP, accounting for 35.5% of the GDP; the added value of the secondary industry accounts for 39.2%, accounting for 8.1% of the GDP; and the added value of the tertiary industry accounts for 32.1%. Its contribution to GDP is 56.4%. The tertiary industrial structure was adjusted from 29.7 to 36.8 to 33.5 in the previous year to 28.7 to 39.2 to 32.1.

In 2011, Maqu County achieved a large-scale fiscal revenue of 195.29 million yuan, an increase of 21.5 million yuan over 2010, an increase of 12.4%; among them, tax revenue was 108.78 million yuan, accounting for 55.7% of the total revenue. The fiscal expenditure was 762.71 million yuan, 331.34 million yuan more than that in 2010, an increase of 76.8%.

primary industry

In 2011, Maqu County increased 284759 heads and pieces of all kinds of livestock, with a total growth rate of 27.09%, 1.02 percentage points higher than 2010; 295884 heads and pieces of all kinds of livestock were sold, with a sales rate of 28.15%; 280089 heads and pieces of all kinds of livestock were sold, with a sales rate of 26.65%.

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Chinese PinYin : Ma Qu Xian