Hainan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of Qinghai Province

Hainan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture Hainan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, with its capital in Gonghe County, is one of the eight prefecture level administrative regions in Qinghai. It is adjacent to Haidong city and Huangnan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture in the East, Haixi Mongolian Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture in the west, Guoluo Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture in the South and Haibei Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture across Qinghai Lake in the north. The terrain is mainly mountainous, surrounded by mountains, and the basin is in the middle It has a continental climate on the plateau. With a total area of 44500 square kilometers, the prefecture governs five counties and has a permanent resident population of 476300 in 2018.

Hainan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture is rich in tourism resources with undulating mountains, continuous rivers and dense forests. There are mainly national scenic spots such as Qinghai Lake, Riyue mountain, Daotang River, Longyangxia Hydropower Station, Heyin Town, ancient temple saizong temple, Fucheng ancient city, Tongde Hebei forest farm, Zhihai snow mountain and other scenic spots and natural landscapes. There are "four horizontal" and "three vertical" highway networks with 109 National Highway, 214 provincial highway and Xijiu provincial highway as the main framework, and local roads of prefectures and counties as the vein.

In 2018, Hainan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture achieved a GDP of 15.818 billion yuan, an increase of 6.2% over the previous year at comparable prices. By industry, the added value of the primary industry was 3.877 billion yuan, an increase of 4.4%; the added value of the secondary industry was 7.151 billion yuan, an increase of 9.5%; the added value of the tertiary industry was 4.790 billion yuan, an increase of 2.2%. The added value of the primary industry accounted for 24.5% of the GDP of the prefecture, the added value of the secondary industry accounted for 45.2%, and the added value of the tertiary industry accounted for 30.3%. The per capita GDP was 33346 yuan, an increase of 5.3% over the previous year.

Historical evolution

Before Qin and Han Dynasties, Hainan was a place of Qiang army. The ancestors here had entered the age of copper and stone, and had primitive collecting industry and agriculture. In the early Western Han Dynasty, Hainan was incorporated into the system of the central government. In the second year of shenjue in the Western Han Dynasty (60 years ago), heguan county was set up in Jincheng County, which governed the eastern part of today's guide and Gonghe, and was controlled by "protecting Qiang Xiaowei". In the fourth year of the first four years of emperor Hanping, Wang Mang established Xihai County, which covers most of the present Gonghe and Xinghai counties. After the Eastern Jin Dynasty, guide and Gonghe were under the jurisdiction of Qianliang, Houliang, Beiliang and Tuguhun respectively. In the fifth year of Jiande (576), the Northern Zhou Dynasty recovered the area south of the Yellow River, jiankuo Prefecture, which governed today's guide, Guinan and other places. In the third year of Daye (607) of Sui Dynasty, kuozhou was changed into Guanhe County, and now guide and Guinan counties are its territories. In the fifth year of Daye (609), the Sui Dynasty conquered Tuyuhun and established Heyuan and Xihai counties, which governed the areas south of Daheba, Tongde and Gonghe in Xinghai County. In 754, Ge Shuhan, the governor of Longyou, recovered the land of Jiuqu, and set up Guanhe county and wanxiujun in the south of the Yellow River. In the first year of Zhide (756), the land entered Tubo. In the second year of Yuan Fu (1099) of the Northern Song Dynasty, Xi BaWen, the leader of kusiluo, built Xige city according to today's Guide. In the second year of Daguan (1108), the song army recovered Xige city and rebuilt Jishi army, which governed today's Guide county and its east. In the first year of Shaoxing in the Southern Song Dynasty (1131), Jin captured Jishi army, and now the southeast of Hainan is under the jurisdiction of Jin. In 1271, guide was set up in guide, which was under the jurisdiction of the Marshal's office of Tubo Xuanwei envoy capital. In the 23rd year of the Zhiyuan Dynasty (1286), guide Prefecture was under the jurisdiction of Hezhou Road, xingzhongshu Province, Shaanxi Province, which governed today's guide and its southwest. In the third year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty (1370), guidezhou was changed into guidezhou. Hongwu eight years (1375) to return to Dezhou, to return to Germany Shouyu thousand households, under the Lintao Fuhe state Wei. Hongwu ten years (1377) to return to Dezhou, jurisdiction of today's guide and Guinan part of the region. Today, other areas of Hainan are under the jurisdiction of dawangdusitasima wanhu and biliqianhu. In 1649, the Qing Dynasty set up guide office in today's Guide county. In 1724, the area north of the Yellow River in guide was under the jurisdiction of Xining county. That year, the "Office of the Minister of Mongolian affairs" was set up in today's guide, and later moved to Xining to manage the vast pastoral areas including today's Hainan prefecture. In the fourth year of Yongzheng (1726), guide was transferred to Lintao Prefecture in Gansu Province. In the third year of Qianlong (1738), guide was transferred to Xining Prefecture. In the 26th year of Qianlong (1761), guide was changed to guide, and it was set up as a county. In the 56th year of Qianlong (1791), guide hall was set up, and Fufan Tongzhi was set up, which was under the jurisdiction of Xining Prefecture. It has jurisdiction over guide, Guinan, Tongde and other places to the south of the Yellow River in Hainan. in 1913, guide hall was changed into a county under the jurisdiction of Xining Road, Gansu Province. On July 11, 1929, Gonghe County was set up in qiabuqia area of Huangyuan county and shangshangxiakuomi area of Xining County, and Qugou Dazhuang was governed by the county. In the 24th year of the Republic of China (1935), lucang, wangshike and chahannomenhan pastures in Guide county were designated to set up Tongde County, which governs laga temple. In 1939, the provincial government set up the Daheba Administration Bureau. In the 29th year of the Republic of China (1940), the office of the seventh administrative inspector general of Qinghai Province was established, which has jurisdiction over Tongde County, Nanping Administrative Bureau (now Guinan lucang area), Hequ Administrative Bureau (now Tongde shizang temple area), etc. In 1941, the seventh Office of the Commissioner of administrative supervision was changed into the third office of the Commissioner of administrative supervision, which only governed Tongde County. In 1943, the governing Bureau was changed to a county, which governed the old Daheba. In 1944, the Nanping Administrative Bureau was abolished, and the lucang area of Tongde County was put under the jurisdiction of Guide county. Small agricultural areas such as Mangla, Shagou and layihai were still under the jurisdiction of Tongde County. In 1946, the office of the third administrative inspector was abolished, and Tongde County was directly under the leadership of Qinghai provincial government. On September 18, 1949, guide county was liberated and the people's Government of Guide county was established, which governed Heyin town. On September 25, Gonghe County was liberated. On September 27, Xinghai County was liberated. In May 1954, he moved to chabcha. In mid September, Tongde County was liberated. In August 1953, he moved to gabasongdo. In 1960, he moved to Ziketan. On November 20, 1951, the people's Government of Tongde Tibetan Autonomous Region was established. In June 1952, the people's Government of Gonghe Tibetan Autonomous Region was established. In March 1952, the people's Government of Xinghai Tibetan Autonomous Region was established. In March 1953, the people's Government of Guinan Tibetan Autonomous Region was established. On July 17, it was renamed Guinan County People's government. On December 6, 1953, the Hainan Tibetan Autonomous Region was established, with jurisdiction over five counties, namely guide, Gonghe, Tongde, Xinghai and Guinan. The state governs chabuqia, Gonghe County. On July 28, 1955, the name of Hainan Tibetan Autonomous Region was changed to Hainan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture. On April 14, 1978, the Longyangxia Working Committee of Hainan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture and the Longyangxia Office (county level) of Hainan Revolutionary Committee were established, and the number of counties under the jurisdiction of the prefecture increased to six. In August 2001, the Longyangxia Working Committee and administrative committee were abolished, and the counties under the jurisdiction of the prefecture were restored to five, namely Gonghe, guide, Tongde, Guinan and Xinghai.

administrative division

As of 2017, Hainan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture has jurisdiction over Gonghe County, guide County, Guinan County, Tongde County and Xinghai County. The Prefecture People's government is located in chabuqia Town, Gonghe County. geographical environment

Location context

Hainan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture is located in the east of Qinghai Province. It gets its name because it is located in the south of Qinghai Lake, the largest salt water lake in China. It is known as the "thoroughfare of sea and Tibet". Hainan is the east gate of Qinghai Tibet Plateau, adjacent to Haidong city and Huangnan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture in the East, Haixi Mongolian Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture in the west, Guoluo Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture in the South and Haibei Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture across Qinghai Lake in the north. Its geographical coordinates are 98 ° 55-105 ° 50 ′ e, 34 ° 38 ′ n-37 ° 10 ′ n, 260 km wide from east to west, 270 km long from north to south, covering an area of 44500 square meters Square kilometers, accounting for 6.18% of the total area of Qinghai Province.

topographic features

The terrain of Hainan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture is mainly mountainous, surrounded by mountains, the basin is in the middle, and the plateau hills and valley platforms alternate with each other. The terrain is undulating and complex. The average altitude of the whole Prefecture is over 3000 meters. Although the highest point is 5305 meters above sea level, the lowest point is 2168 meters above sea level. It belongs to Qaidam Huangzhong elevation basin area, Eastern Qinghai middle elevation basin area and Qinghai Lake Gonghe middle Haiba basin area. From north to south, there are Qinghai Lake Basin, undulating mountains in Qinghai Nanshan, Gonghe guide basin, undulating mountains in Heka mountain, Xinghai Tongde basin, and undulating mountains in Mushan sangchigang. At the two ends of this pattern, the west is the great undulating mountain of the ELA mountain with nnw-nw trend, and the East is the middle undulating mountain of the Xishan zhamarigang. The formation of this basic landform is based on the differential ascending and descending movement of the mountain and the Intermountain fault basin uplifted by the fault block of the geological structure mountain, and there is a nearly north-south structural belt on the East and west sides of the Gonghe basin . Mountainous area is the main geomorphic type of the whole Prefecture, accounting for 42.3% of the total land area of the whole Prefecture; hills and residual mountains account for 11% of the total land area of the whole Prefecture; zhonghaiba plain and platform account for 46.7% of the total land area of the whole Prefecture, of which Valley terraces account for 12.4%.

climate

Hainan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture is a typical plateau continental climate, which is characterized by thin atmosphere, drought and little rain, long illumination time, strong solar radiation, cool and cold climate, small annual temperature range and large daily temperature range. It is dry and windy in spring, short and cool in summer, wet and rainy in autumn and long and dry in winter. Due to the complex terrain, high and low disparity, the climate is very poor

Chinese PinYin : Qing Hai Sheng Hai Nan Cang Zu Zi Zhi Zhou