Piper longum

Piper longum

(Kaibao materia medica)

[synonyms] Piper bud (tangbencao), Piper bud pear, Alihe (Youyang Zazu), Shensheng (Hou Ningji's medicinal spectrum), heli (chiya), and mousei (records of traditional Chinese Medicine).

[source] it is the immature ear of Piper longum.

[plant morphology] Piper longum

Perennial grass vines. The lower part of the stem is prostrate, the branches are lateral, soft, angular and grooved, densely pubescent when young. Leaves alternate, papery, petiole 2-3.5 cm long, densely pilose; leaf blade oblong or ovate, entire. Above nearly smooth, below veins pubescent, palmate veins usually 5-7. Flowers unisexual, dioecious, spikelike; stamens 2, anthers elliptic, 2-locular, filaments short and thick; stamens 2, anthers elliptic, 2-locular, filaments short and thick; stamens 1.5 cm long, densely pilose, spikes 1.5 cm long, pedicels short; flowers less than 1 mm in diameter; stamens 2, anthers elliptic, 2-locular, filaments short and thick; Bracts rounded; perianth absent; ovary obovate, style absent, stigma 3. Berry ovate, apex acute, partly engulfed in inflorescence axis.

It is distributed in Yunnan, Guangdong and other places in China. It is also distributed in Indonesia, Philippines and Vietnam.

The root of this plant (Piper longum L.) is also used for medicine. See special section for details.

[collection] from September to October, the fruits were picked and dried when they turned from yellow to black.

The ear is cylindrical, slightly curved, 2-4.5 cm long and 5-8 mm in diameter. Most of the peduncles have fallen off. The surface is dark brown, composed of many small achenes, arranged closely and orderly, forming staggered small protuberances. Achenes slightly globose, bracted, ca. 1 mm in diam. It is hard, with reddish section and white endosperm. It has a special aroma; it tastes spicy. Hypertrophy, solid quality and strong taste are preferred.

It is mainly produced in Yunnan and Guangdong. It is mainly produced in Indonesia, Philippines and Vietnam.

[chemical constituents] the fruit contains piperine, palmitic acid, tetrahydropiperic acid, 1-undecylenyl-3,4-methylenedioxybenzene, piperidine and volatile oil (without n, phenolic, aldehyde and ketone substances). Piper longum also contains n-isobutyl decadiene (trans-2, trans-4) amide and sesamin.

[pharmacological action] the essential oil from Piper nigrum has inhibitory effect on Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli and Shigella dysentery. Piperine can destroy the nerve and muscle tissue of Musca domestica, but not as good as pyrethrum.

Intraperitoneal injection of piperine can significantly reduce rectal temperature (mainly due to skin vasodilation), but it is not sensitive after repeated injection, and the animal loses the ability to regulate body temperature under high temperature and pain stimulation. This effect is irreversible and related to its pungent stimulation.

[processing] remove the impurities, remove the handle, screen the dust, and mash it when used.

"Lei Gong Pao Zhi Lun" says: "for all envoys (Piper stick), first use their heads, soak them in vinegar for one night, bake them, and then scrape off the skin of the corn seeds with a knife to make them clean. It will not hurt people's lungs and make people feel angry. "

It is pungent and hot.

① "Haiyao Materia Medica": "it tastes pungent and warm. "

② Kaibao materia medica: "it is pungent, warm and nontoxic. "

[channel tropism] entering spleen and stomach channels.

① Compendium: "start with, follow yangmingjing. "

② "Lei Gong processed medicine solution": into the lung, spleen, stomach, bladder four channels. "

③ "Into the liver, spleen, kidney three channels. "

Functions and indications: warm the middle, disperse cold, lower Qi and relieve pain. It is used to treat cold abdominal pain, vomiting, acid swallowing, bowel sounds, diarrhea, cold dysentery, Yin hernia, headache, nasopharynx and toothache.

① "Materia medica collection": "warm the middle and lower Qi, nourish waist and feet, eliminate food, eliminate stomach cold, Yin hernia and vomit. "

② "Haiyao Materia Medica": "the main cold heartache, watery diarrhea, dysentery, nausea and vinegar, postpartum diarrhea. "

③ "Rihuazi materia medica:" the treatment of cholera, air conditioning, heartache, blood gas. "

④ "Ben Cao Tu Jing": "treating qi dysentery. "

⑤ Ben Cao Yan Yi: "walking in the cold air in the intestines and stomach, vomiting, heartache. "

⑥ "Compendium": "treat headache, nasopharynx, toothache. "

⑦ Tianbao materia medica: "treating injuries caused by falls and injuries, lumbago and foot pain."

[usage and dosage] oral administration: decoction, 0.5-1 coin; or into pills, powder. External use: grind the end of the nose or cavity.

[should be avoided] those with excessive heat and excessive Yin deficiency should not take it.

① According to Ben Cao Yan Yi, "if you take more clothes and let go of the true Qi, it will make your intestines empty and heavy. "

② The compendium of Medical Sciences: "heat dissipating can activate the fire of spleen and lung. It is often used to make people dizzy, especially food.". "

[prescription selection] 1. To treat typhoid fever, cold accumulation, weakness of viscera, abdominal pain, fullness of flank ribs, diarrhea, bowel sounds, self-interest and self perspiration, rice grain does not melt: four catties of Piper, six catties of Alpinia officinarum, six catties of dried ginger, four catties of cinnamon. It is fine, and boiled batter is pellet, such as Wutong. Take 20 tablets each, drink rice soup, take it before eating. (DA Si Han Wan in Ju Fang)

② For the treatment of diarrhea, abdominal distension, no food: Piper bar half Liang, nutmeg (shelled, half baked) one or two, dried ginger (gun) half Liang, helile (half baked, half seeded) one or two, Atractylodes macrocephala three points, licorice (half baked, file) half Liang, Muxiang (half fried) one or two. On the seven flavor, pound for powder. Take two money daggers each time. Drink the hollow rice and take it again day and night. (Piper powder of Shengji Zonglu)

③ Treatment of dysentery: milk half a Jin, Piper set three money. Half of the same decoction, fasting meal. (duyizhi)

④ Treatment of spleen deficiency, nausea, heart and abdomen pain, pale yellow, waist and crotch cold pain: Piper, Aucklandia, aconite (cracked, peeled navel), pepper, cinnamon (peeled), dried ginger (fried), helilepi (baked) in half, Magnolia officinalis (peeled, ginger juice fried) in half. The eight tastes are the end of the tamer, and the honey and pills are like the Wutong seed. Take hollow porridge, drink 15 pills, three days. (Piper pill in Shengji Zonglu)

⑤ Treatment of deficiency, spleen and stomach stay cold, do not think about diet, limbs lazy, heart fullness, navel pain, and Qi block and other diseases: Piper (fried), Terminalia chebula (simmer, to seed core), dried ginger (crack), ginseng each one or two, cinnamon (to coarse skin), white Poria Cocos (to black skin), pepper each half two. The seven tastes are the rounding of the Luo, the refinement of honey and the pill of Wutong. Take 20 pills each time, drink rice, before eating. (Piper pill in Shengji Zonglu)

⑥ Treatment of phlegm nausea: Piper longum, pound fine Luo for powder, every time before eating, with porridge drink adjust half money. (Sheng Hui Fang)

⑦ For women with disharmony of blood and gas, pain, and blood without time, the moon water is not adjusted: Piper longum (fried with salt), pollen Typhae (fried). The last part is divided into two parts: the last is the honey and the Wutong seed. Take 30 pills each time, swallow the hollow warm wine; if you can't drink, drink rice soup. (ER Shen Wan in Puji Fang, a piper plucked pill)

⑧ Treat miasma into a block, not scattered in the abdomen: Piper longum one or two, rhubarb one or two. And for the end, into the musk a little, refining honey pill Wuzi big. Take 30 pills per cold wine. (Yonglei qianfang)

⑨ Treatment of tooth pain: Piper, pepper. On the two equal, pound Luo for the end, the wax ball, such as pockmarks. Each pill is used in the cavity. (Piper pill in Shengji Zonglu)

⑩ Treatment of migraine: Piper as the end, so that the patient's mouth with warm water, the left side of the pain to the left nasal suction word, the right side of the pain to the right nasal suction word. (behind the experience)

(11) treatment of nasal congestion and cerebral flow: Piper, Cyperus, garlic. Pestle for cake, yarn lining hot paste fontanelle, ironing through with iron, its tears from stop. (Introduction to medicine)

In the compendium, Piper longum is an important medicine for headache, nasopharynx and toothache. It can be used to treat Yang and Ming meridians. "

② According to bencaozheng, Piper longum, which tastes of Daxin, should be used together with sweet and warm tonics of Shenshu guidi. "

③ "Ben Cao Bian Du": "Piper, Da Xin Da re, taste like pepper, into the stomach and large intestine, Yangming medicine. All the symptoms such as toothache, head wind and acid swallowing can be treated with this method. "

④ "Materia medica justice": "Piper longum, the main medicine of spleen and kidney deficiency cold. But near the lake is called headache, nasopharynx to medicine, take its heat into Yangming and scattered floating heat. According to the fact that headache is inherently cold, it's better to use big heat and big heat. However, nasopharynx and toothache are all caused by fire. The ancients occasionally used the medicine of Xinsan. It's the opposite meaning of Gai. It's used as a guide. Linhu thought it was dispersing floating heat. I'm afraid it's a misunderstanding. Shi is stubborn and harmonious. "

Chinese PinYin : Bi Ba