Bergamot

Citrus (Diannan materia medica)

[synonyms] Bergamot (zhongjilu), bergamot (Minshu), miguanggan (Qianshu), miluogan (Guzhou Zaji), fushougan (collection of common folk herbs) and Kuangxi traditional Chinese medicine records).

[source] it is the fruit of bergamot, a Rutaceae plant.

[plant morphology] Bergamot

Small evergreen trees or shrubs, 3-4 m high. There are short and hard thorns on the branches, and the tender branches are purplish red when they are young. Leaves large, alternate; oblong oblong or oblong, 8-15 cm long, 3.5-6.5 cm wide, apex obtuse, base broadly cuneate, margin serrate; petiole short, wingless, panicle or axillary bouquet; male flowers more, clustered, 3-4 cm in diameter, calyx cup-shaped, apex 5-lobed; petals 5, white inside, lavender outside, stamens more than 30; upper part of female ovary narrower, 1 The style is sometimes persistent. The fruit is ovoid or oblong, 10-25 cm long. The top of the fruit splits like a fist or opens like a finger. The skin is bright yellow, with milk like protuberances, without flesh and seeds. It blooms in summer.

Cultivated in Guangdong, Guangxi, Fujian, Yunnan, Sichuan, Zhejiang, Anhui and other places.

The roots (Citrus Root) and flowers (Bergamot flower) of this plant are also used for medicine. Please refer to the special section for details.

[collection] harvest in autumn when the fruit is light green or slightly yellow. After picking and airing for 3-5 days, wait for most of the moisture to evaporate, cut 5-10 mm thick thin slices longitudinally, dry them in the sun or in the shade, or dry them at low temperature, and store them in airtight condition to prevent the loss of aroma.

Fresh Bergamot

The lower part is round, slightly narrow near the stalk, with residual fruit stalk or stalk mark. The upper part of the branch is cylindrical, such as finger shaped, with different flexion and extension, varying in length, generally 12-16 cm long. The top is slightly pointed or twisted. The outer skin is orange yellow or green brown, with irregular vertical and horizontal deep wrinkles and sparse verrucous protrusions. The dens can be seen in the flat place. The skin is about 1.5-4 mm thick. The flesh on the inner surface is white or yellow white, and there are two longitudinal tendons in the center Texture, straight to the top, soft and tough, fragrant, sour and bitter taste.

② Bergamot

Yichuan Bergamot is small, thick, uneven, hard and easy to break. It is 4-6cm long and 3cm wide. It has green edge, white meat and a little yellow pattern. It is fragrant and full-bodied. ErGuang Bergamot is large, thin, wrinkled, 6-10 cm long, 3-6 cm wide, 1-2 mm thick, with yellow edge and white meat, obvious pattern and light smell. It is better to have a large slice, green skin and white meat, and strong aroma.

It is mainly produced in Sichuan and Guangdong. In addition, it is also produced in Fujian, Zhejiang, Anhui and Yunnan.

[chemical constituents] the dried fruit contains 0.007% limonenin, trace geranioside and hesperidin.

[pharmacological action] the ethanol extract has obvious inhibitory effect on isolated rat intestine. The same results were found in rabbits and cats in vivo. It has significant antispasmodic effect on duodenal spasm induced by acetylcholine in rabbits, but less effective on those caused by barium chloride. Intravenous injection in cats can also inhibit the heart and reduce blood pressure. Intravenous injection of high concentration alcohol extract (1.5 ml / kg) can rapidly relieve the tension increase of stomach and gallbladder caused by carbachol. The components that inhibit smooth muscle are not volatile oils.

[processing] remove impurities, spray with water, chop and dry.

[taste] bitter, sour, warm.

① "Diannan Materia Medica": "warm in nature, sweet and slightly pungent in taste. "

② "Compendium": "acrid, nontoxic. "

⑧ "Ben Jing Feng Yuan": "hard work, sweet, warm, non-toxic. "

[channel tropism] into liver and stomach channels.

① "Diannan Materia Medica": "entering liver and stomach channels. "

② "Into the liver, spleen, stomach three channels. "

③ Summary of materia medica: "start with the Taiyin meridian. "

Functions and indications: regulating qi and resolving phlegm. It can treat stomachache, hypochondriac distension, vomiting, choking diaphragm, phlegm, cough and asthma, and relieve alcohol.

① "Diannan Materia Medica": "Bugan Wenwei, stop vomiting, eliminate stomach cold phlegm, treat stomach pain. Stop cold pain, and moderate Qi. "

② "Compendium": "boil wine and drink, treat phlegm and cough. Decoct the soup to cure the lower heart pain. "

③ "Ben Jing Feng Yuan": "it can break stagnant Qi. It can be used to treat dysentery. "

④ "Bencao Zaixin": "it can treat Qi, soothe the liver, harmonize the stomach, remove phlegm, break accumulation, treat choking and diaphragmatic nausea, and eliminate Baihuang. "

⑤ "Suixiju diet spectrum": "awaken the stomach, expel phlegm, dispel evil, relieve pain, eliminate food and relieve pain. "

[usage and dosage] take orally: decoct soup, 0.8 ~ 3 yuan; or make tea.

[should avoid] those with Yin deficiency and fire and without symptoms of qi stagnation should be cautious.

According to Ben Jing Feng Yuan, "dysentery and Qi deficiency are not appropriate. "

[prescription selection] 1. Treatment of phlegm cough: Chen fo Shou's two to three coins. Drink in water. (Minnan folk herbal medicine)

② Treatment of swelling: citron to pulp four Liang, people in white three Liang. Total for the end, empty white soup. (collection of herbs in Lingnan)

③ Treatment of women with leucorrhea: Bergamot five money to one or two, pig small intestine one foot. Take it in water. (Minnan folk herbal medicine)

[clinical application] in the treatment of infectious hepatitis in children

Take 10-15g of Chen Bergamot for 1-3 years old, 15-20g for 3-5 years old, 20-25g for 5-7 years old and 30g for 7-10 years old, add 1g of grass for each year old, add 1g for every 2 years old and over 10 years old, decoct in water for 10-15 minutes, take three times. 7-10 days is a course of treatment. In 64 cases, jaundice disappeared in an average of 4-5 days, and the spirit and appetite improved.

Chinese PinYin : Fo Shou Gan