Pig gall

Pig gall

(bielu)

[source] it is the gall or bile of pig, the animal morphology is detailed in "pork".

[collection] after obtaining, hang it to dry, or slightly flatten it when it is half dry, and then dry it.

[chemical composition] bile is mainly composed of bile acids, bile pigment, mucin, lipids and inorganic substances. The bile acids include chenodeoxycholic acid, 3 α - hydroxy-6-oxo-5 α - cholanoic acid and lithocholic acid, which almost completely combine with glycine. It also contains Hyodeoxycholic Acid and Hyodeoxycholic Acid.

(1) antitussive and antiasthmatic effects

It was proved that intravenous injection of sodium cholate (20 mg / kg) had antitussive effect, while sodium deoxycholate and sodium taurocholate did not. In the same way, pig bile powder (0.5-1.0 g / kg) also had cough effect. The effect was most obvious 30-60 minutes after administration, lasting about 2-2.5 hours. Four, the bile can inhibit the excitability of the cough center. It is proved by the ammonia spray method of mice that the sodium deoxycholate from chicken bile has the antitussive effect, while the crude product is poor. It is also reported that cholic acid (sodium) from pig bile has the effect of relieving cough, while the compound (pig bile, Platycodon grandiflorum, Pinellia ternata, earthworm) has better effect.

The guinea pig histamine spray method preliminarily showed that sodium deoxycholate had antiasthmatic effect. After cholinic acid infusion (1 g / kg) for 1 hours, the mixture of histamine and acetylcholine also has some antiasthmatic effects on guinea pigs. Bile can relieve bronchospasm caused by histamine by perfusing isolated lung of guinea pig. Sodium cholate is an effective component in relieving bronchospasm. There are also preliminary reports that it has expectorant effect on mice.

② Anti inflammatory and anti allergic effects

The inflammation was induced by scalding rabbit ears in hot water (60 ℃) for 1 minute. After 12 hours, 0.5 g / kg pig bile powder was given by gavage. The inflammation (volume and color of rabbit ears) subsided faster than that of the control group. It also had certain anti-inflammatory effect on formaldehyde induced arthritis in rats. The acid phosphatase staining, reticular fiber staining and in vivo staining of hepatic stellate cells in liver, spleen, adrenal gland and mesenteric lymph nodes were observed by histochemical method. It seems that bile can improve the anti-inflammatory ability. The guinea pigs were sensitized with horse serum (0.5 ml for 16 days) and then injected with cholic acid (5 mg / kg) into the heart. Seven of the 10 guinea pigs did not suffer from shock when they were reinjected with horse serum, while all of the 10 guinea pigs in the control group suffered from shock. For histamine shock and acetylcholine shock, if cholic acid can be injected repeatedly, it is said that it can also prevent the occurrence of shock, that is, cholic acid has the effect of anti anaphylactic shock.

③ Bacteriostasis

In vitro, sheep bile at high concentration (1:100) has inhibitory effect on human and bovine Mycobacterium tuberculosis, but the effect of bovine bile is very poor. After taking sheep bile juice for 2 weeks and inoculating Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the organ lesion of guinea pigs seems to be lighter than that of the control group. It also has different degrees of antibacterial effect on common bacteria in respiratory tract. The effect of cholic acid is stronger than that of compound. In particular, Diplococcus pneumoniae and influenza bacilli are more sensitive. It has no inhibitory effect on Neisseria. HeiHuDan (made from pig bile and millet) has antibacterial effect on dysentery bacilli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella and Escherichia coli in vitro.

④ Other functions

It was reported that the sedative and antispasmodic effects of calculus bovis were mainly caused by its cholic acid and calcium salt. Domestic scientists have also proved that Ao cholate can antagonize the convulsive effect of cocaine on mice. In the experiment of rabbit lung extension reflex, it has been proved that intravenous injection of sodium cholate can inhibit the excitability of respiratory center; for isolated intestinal tract, sodium cholate has excitatory effect (increasing tension and rhythm) at low dose, but inhibits it at high dose. After oral administration, bile or bile salts can stimulate bile secretion, increase intestinal peristalsis, make fat easy to digest, promote the absorption of fat soluble substances such as carotene, vitamin K and iron, have laxative effect, inhibit isolated frog heart, and dilate blood vessels during systemic perfusion. If injected into blood circulation, it can cause saponin like effect, leading to hemolysis. It has direct toxic effect on nerve and muscle.

Bitter, cold.

① Bielu: "slightly cold. "

② Ben Cao Tu Jing; Da Han. "

③ "Tang Ye Ben Cao": "taste bitter and salty, cold. "

[channel tropism] into liver, gallbladder, lung and large intestine.

① The Compendium: "enter the heart. "

② "Ben Cao Hui Yan": "start with zuyang Ming Jing. "

Functions and indications: clearing heat, moistening dryness and detoxifying. In the treatment of febrile diseases, heat dryness, thirst, constipation, jaundice, pertussis, asthma, diarrhea, dysentery, red eyes, sore throat, ear, carbuncle and swelling.

① Bielu: "treating typhoid fever and thirst. "

② "The collection of Materia Medica": "it is used to treat children's head sores with bile. "

③ "Ben Cao Tu Jing": "it can control bone heat and labor, typhoid fever and thirst, infantile five malnutrition, and kill insects. "

④ "Gangmu": "pass urine, apply evil sores, kill chancre hidden, treat redness of the sun, eye Yi, tomorrow, clear the heart, cool the liver and spleen. "

⑤ According to suixiju diet, it can nourish the gallbladder, clear away heat, treat dysentery and relieve heat. To treat Jue Dian disease. "

[usage and dosage] take orally; decoct the soup, take the juice and take it for 1-2 yuan; or take the pill and powder. External use: coating, eyedrops or enema.

[prescription selection] ① for five or six days of treatment of typhoid fever, the spots appeared: pig gall, bitter wine, one chicken. The three ingredients are fried together and boiled three times. The strong take them all. The weak take them six or seven times. They can be divided into two parts. The sweat will heal. (Qian Jin Fang Zhu Dan Tang)

② To cure thirst due to dryness of mouth without body fluid: five pieces of gall of male pig and one or two pieces of fixed powder (cited as Trichosanthin in the compendium). -On the two flavor, to wine boil gallbladder, wait for skin rotten, that is, into the powder grind fine, with fried into fried, pills such as chicken head big, each take two pills, containing pharyngeal fluid. (Sheng Ji Zong Lu Zhu Dan Jian)

③ For the treatment of Yangming disease, the body fluid is exhausted, and the stool is hard. It can't be attacked: a piece of pig bile, diarrhea juice, and a little vinegar are used to irrigate the valley channel, such as eating a hectare when the stool comes out, and eating evil things. (pig bile conducting method in Treatise on Febrile Diseases)

④ Treatment of stool dry knot: pig gall, honey, fried. (records of Sichuan Traditional Chinese Medicine)

⑤ For the treatment of Shaoyin disease, if the lower pulse is weak, it will be more beneficial than Baitong decoction, if it has no pulse, and if it is dry and nauseous: four stems of scallion, one or two dried ginger, one aconite (raw, peeled, broken eight pieces), five human urine and one pig bile. On the five flavors, with three liters of water, boil a liter, to dross, bile, human urine, and make phase, temperature and then take. (treatise on febrile diseases, Baitong and zhubili Decoction)

⑥ Cure yellow disease: a pig gall, an egg. Mix well and suit at any time. If feel suffering, for cake pharynx, even take three times. (new edition of Mei's prescription: pig gall egg)

⑦ Treatment of thin cough: pig bile and urine, ginger, orange peel, helile, peach peel. Cook. (notes on materia medica)

⑧ Treatment of eye red disease and fetal red: pig gall and green salt five points, point canthus. (Guangji Fang)

⑨ Zhiyi membrane: a pig gall, sand (careful research) in the pig gall paste, fixed, hanging when the wind, waiting for white clothes such as frost out, sweep down the closed porcelain zygote, spin with the post point into the canthus, feel itchy, then there is no Yi membrane, not enough point. (Jifeng Puji recipe Zhudan ointment)

⑩ Treatment of sore throat: pig gall, Shegan, xuanmingfen, Renzhongbai, Zhimu. Take it by frying. (records of Sichuan Traditional Chinese Medicine)

(11) treatment of hemorrhoids: seven pig galls, juice, charcoal boil into paste, spread with single paper, must first use huaigen Baipi Decoction warm wash. Then apply the medicine. (Zhudan ointment in renzhaizhizhifang)

(12) treatment of fire sore in soup: apply the mixture of Zhudan tiaohuangbe powder. (waitai)

To cure all kinds of convulsions: one or two Pinellia ternata (washed with soup seven times), three wolf and pig galls, soak Pinellia ternata in the juice, dry in the sun, slice and bake, make it into fine powder, boil noodles and pills with ginger natural juice, Tongzi big, take five or seven to ten pills each, fry Ophiopogon japonicus, cook it underwater, and take one for each after eating. (Zhudan Banxia pill, general micro prescription for children's health)

[clinical application] ① prevention of diphtheria

Add fresh pig bile, or pig and fish bile, add equal amount of sugar, steam for 30-60 minutes. Children in nurseries and kindergartens take 1-2ml and 2-3ml twice a day for 4 days. The patients with positive throat swab culture were given another 4 days every 1 month. 2046 people had been treated with Shangfa in nurseries and kindergartens in epidemic areas. After more than one year's observation, there was no case of disease. Among them, 320 had pharyngeal fluid culture before taking medicine, and 34 were positive carriers. After 1-2 weeks' reexamination after taking medicine for the first time, 28 cases turned negative, and 4 cases turned negative after taking medicine for the second time. At the same time, 4 cases of scattered children who did not take preventive medicine were found. After three times of bacteriostatic tests, it was proved that pig bile had certain bacteriostatic ability to diphtheria, but had no killing effect.

② Treatment of acute gastroenteritis, bacillary dysentery, etc

Use 100 ml fresh pig bile, add 1 jin mung bean powder, mix and stir to make pill (lvdan pill). For adults, 2-3 yuan each time, for children, 3 minutes each time, 3-4 times a day. 31 cases of acute gastroenteritis were treated, 28 cases were cured, 1 case was improved, 2 cases were ineffective: 26 cases of bacillary dysentery, 24 cases were cured, 2 cases were improved; 4 cases of chronic enteritis, 2 cases were cured, 1 case was improved. Results: 1 case was invalid; 4 cases were simple dyspepsia in children, 3 cases were cured and 1 case was improved; 8 cases were catarrhal enteritis, 1 case was improved and 2 cases were invalid; 7 cases were chronic colitis, 3 cases were cured, 2 cases were improved and 2 cases were invalid; 13 cases were urinary tract infection, 12 cases were cured and 1 case was improved. In case of dehydration, rehydration is still necessary. In some cases, the curative effect appeared within 1-2 days without side effects.

③ Treatment of pertussis

Pig bile powder, syrup and fluid extract were used

Chinese PinYin : Zhu Dan