Shiwei

Shiwei

(Ben Jing)

[synonyms] Shi? ('ben Jing '), Shi PI ('bie Lu'), Shi Wei ('Nan materia medica '), Jin Xing Cao and Shi LAN ('gang Mu'), Sheng Juju ('classified herbal medicine '), Hong Ni Jian Cao, Shi Jian, Tan Jian ('fujian folk herbal medicine'), Jin Tang Tong and Shi Bei Liu ('handbook of Chinese herbal medicine ').

[source] it is the leaves of the Polypodiaceae plants, such as Pyrrosia, Pyrrosia, Pyrrosia, Pyrrosia, Pyrrosia pekinensis or Pyrrosia southwest.

[plant morphology] 1. Shiwei, also known as flying sword, is composed of feixincao, wugongqi, pudiyugongqi, qixingjian, large-sized qixingjian, yizhijian, shanchaidao, wugongqi, feijincao and sheshefeng.

Perennial herbs, 13-30 cm high. Rhizome slender, transverse, densely covered with dark brown lanceolate scales; root like, dark brown, densely covered with scaly hairs. Leaf blade lanceolate, linear lanceolate or oblong lanceolate, 7-20 cm long, 1.5-3 cm wide, apex acuminate, base gradually narrowed, slightly downward extended, entire margin, leathery, green on top, with fine spots, sparsely stellate or glabrous on top, densely light brown stellate on bottom, main vein obvious, lateral margin smooth The veins are slightly visible, and the veinlets are not obvious. The sporangia are oval, scattered in the whole or upper part of the leaves, arranged in rows between the lateral veins, each sporangia is separated by stellate hairs, and the sporangia are concealed in stellate hairs, light brown, without the cover of the sporangia; the sporangia have long stalks; the spores are two-sided.

Born on rocks or trees in the wild. It is distributed in Anhui, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Fujian, Taiwan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Jiangxi, Hubei, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan, etc.

② Lushan Shiwei, also known as: lung Jincao, Dalian Tiancao, arrow halberd fern.

The height is 25-60 cm. Rhizome thick and short, densely covered with small long lanceolate scales, margin ciliated, leaves nearly clustered; petiole 10-80 cm long, stout, covered with brown or light brown stellate hairs when young; leaf blade broadly lanceolate, 10-30 μ m long, 3-6.5 cm wide, apex acuminate, base slightly wide, ear shaped, round, heart-shaped, round cuneate or obliquely truncated with different shade sides, sometimes with pointed ears on the upper side, It is green on the top with black spots, sparsely covered with stellate hairs at the beginning, then gradually smooth, and densely covered with light brown stellate hairs on the bottom. The awns of stellate hairs are short lanceolate and arranged on the same plane. The midrib and lateral veins are obvious, and the veinlets are not obvious. The ascospores are scattered under the leaves, light brown or dark brown, without the cover of ascospores; the spores are two-sided.

Born on mountains and rocks. It is distributed in Anhui, Zhejiang, Fujian, Taiwan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Jiangxi, Hunan, Hubei, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan, etc.

③ Alpinia Felta

This species is very similar to S. lushanensis, but differs from S. lushanensis in that its leaves are covered with thick and loose dark brown star shaped hairs, and its awns are slender, needle shaped or linear chiseled, and not in the same plane; its petioles are usually longer than the leaves.

Born on mountains and rocks. It is distributed in Hubei, Sichuan, Shaanxi, Yunnan and Tibet.

④ There is a handle Shiwei, also known as: long handle Shiwei, Shicha.

Its height is only 6-17 cm. Rhizome slender, densely covered with lanceolate scales, margin with slightly curly cilia. Petiole 3.5-11 cm long, covered with stellate hairs; leaf blade lanceolate, oblong lanceolate, broadly lanceolate or oblong, 2.5-9.5 cm long, 9-28 mm wide, apex obtuse, base extending down to petiole, entire margin, green above, with black spots, sparsely covered with stellate hairs, and densely covered with gray stellate hairs below, with short awns and indistinct veins; sporophyll is longer than vegetative leaf, smooth The leaves are often involuted, making them cylindrical. The sporangia are fused, distributed under the leaves, dark brown, without sporangia cover.

Born on mountains and rocks. Distributed in Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Hebei, Henan, Shandong, Anhui, Jiangsu, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan, Shaanxi and other places.

⑤ Beijing Shiwei

The height is 10-25 cm. Rhizome thin, covered with dark brown scales. Petiole 2.5-9 cm long, covered with stellate hairs; leaf blade linear or linear lanceolate, 6-15 cm long, 6-15 mm wide, apex acuminate, base narrower, green above, with fine spots, sparsely covered with white stellate hairs or glabrous, densely covered with gray or light brown stellate hairs below; leaf slightly involute, but not tubular. The sporangia are mostly distributed in the upper part of the leaves, dark brown, without sporangia cover.

Born on mountains and rocks. Distributed in Hebei, Shandong, Hubei, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Inner Mongolia and other places.

⑥ Southwest Shiwei

It is very similar to Shiwei, Beijing, but differs in that the leaves of this species are covered with thick and loose dark brown star like hairs, and the awns are long, needle like and slightly glossy.

Born on mountains and rocks. It is distributed in Yunnan, Sichuan, Hubei and other places.

The rhizome and the hairy antler on the leaves of the above plants are also used for medicine. Please refer to the special section for details.

[collection] it can be harvested in spring, summer and autumn. The rhizomes and fibrous roots can be removed and dried in the sun.

[medicinal material] 1

Pyrrosia: petiole nearly cylindrical, brown or brownish black, 6-15 cm long, with longitudinal groove, glabrous or sparsely stellate hairs; leaf blade twisted and wrinkled, flat lanceolate, 7-20 cm long, 1.5-3 cm wide, apex acuminate, leaf base cuneate to round, entire, leaf surface brown or grayish brown, glabrous or sparsely stellate hairs, covered with black round pits, abaxial surface densely covered, center red Some leaves are covered with sporangia. Leaf blade leathery, slightly brittle and easy to fold. There is no breath, and the taste is light. Erlushan Shiwei: similar to Shiwei, but the petiole is long and hairless; the leaves are shrunken and large, oblong lanceolate, with broad wedge-shaped, round, subcordate or slightly auricular leaf base, significantly asymmetric; the branches of stellate hairs on the back are thick; some leaves have brown round sporangia, which are arranged in parallel with the midvein at an angle of about 60 ° and distributed almost on the whole leaf surface, with common red luster The sporangia are banded. Thick leathery, hard and brittle. Without Qi, the taste is slightly bitter. The leaf blade is twisted and wrinkled, lanceolate, base cuneate to broadly cuneate, symmetrical, the back is densely covered with gray brown stellate hairs, the branches of the hairs are slender, and some leaves are covered with sporangia. Leather, slightly hard. There is no breath, and the taste is light.

② Pyrrosia microphylla

A stipe: petiole covered with brown stellate hairs, 1 longitudinal shallow groove, densely covered with hairs; leaf blade curled into tube, broadly lanceolate to oblong lanceolate, 3-9 cm long, apex obtuse, leaf base cuneate, entire, leaf surface gray brown, glabrous or sparsely covered with stellate hairs, scattered with black round pits, back densely covered with pink brown stellate hairs with red dots in the center, branches of hairs short and thick, midrib The lateral venules were not obvious. Thin leathery. Without Qi, the taste is slightly bitter. (2) Pyrrosia pekinensis: the petiole is flat, slender and twisted, hairy; the leaf blade is twisted and wrinkled, linear lanceolate or nearly linear, the leaf base is narrow and cuneate, extending downward into the petiole edge; the leaf surface is light yellow green, glabrous, the back is densely covered with thin gray Brown stellate hairs, the branches of the hairs are slender, and the back of the leaf almost has sporangia. Thin leathery. Without Qi, the taste is slightly bitter. Sanxinan Shiwei: similar to Beijing Shiwei, except that the back of the leaf is covered with thick and loose stellate hairs, and the branches of the hairs are longer, long needlelike, dark brown and slightly glossy.

For the above two kinds of medicinal materials, the best is the large, thick and hairy leaves of C. macrophylla, and the best is the thick, neat and clean leaves of C. microphylla.

It is mainly produced in Zhejiang, Hubei, Henan, Hebei, Jiangsu and other places. In addition, it is also produced in Shandong, Liaoning, Guangxi, Jiangxi, Fujian, Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan, Shaanxi, Shanxi and Anhui. Among them, the quality of Shiwei from Zhejiang, Hubei and Jiangsu is the best.

[chemical constituents] it contains diploptene, saponin, anthraquinone, flavone and β - sitosterol.

[processing] clean the impurities, wash away the sediment, brush the fluff, cut into sections and dry in the sun.

① Bielu: "use it to remove yellow hair. "

② "Rihuazi materia medica:" as a medicine to stem, must be slightly used. The first method is to fry and dry with Lanolin. "

It is bitter, sweet and cool.

① Ben Jing: "it tastes bitter and flat. "

② Bielu: "sweet, nontoxic. "

③ "On medicinal properties": "slight cold. "

④ Guizhou herbal medicine: "the taste is pungent and the nature is flat. "

[channel tropism] entering lung and bladder channels.

① "Diannan Materia Medica": entering small intestine meridian. "

② "Lei Gong's treatment of medicinal properties": entering the lung and bladder channels. "

[function indications] it can promote diuresis, clear lung and relieve heat. Treatment of gonorrhea, hematuria, urinary calculi, nephritis, metrorrhagia, dysentery, lung heat, cough, chronic tracheitis, golden sores, carbuncle.

① "Ben Jing" says: "the main work heat evil, five blocked, benefit urination channel. "

② Bielu: "stop irritating and lower Qi, dredge bladder full, replenish five labors, Settle Five Zang, eliminate evil wind, benefit essence and Qi. "

③ "Rihuazi Materia Medica" says: "to treat drenching and drowning. "

④ "Ben Cao Tu Jing": "stir fried powder, cold wine, treatment hair back. "

⑤ "Diannan Materia Medica": "Zhiyu stem pain. "

⑥ Compendium: "master metrorrhagia, golden sores, clear lung qi. "

⑦ "The treatment of phlegm fire is the same as steaming of lean meat. "

⑧ Mindong materia medica: "cure dysentery. "

[usage and dosage] oral administration: decoction, 1.5-3 yuan; or powder.

[should avoid] Yin deficiency and no damp heat should not be taken.

① "Talc and almond are the tools for it. Get Chang Pu Liang. "

② "Materia Medica from the new": "do not work with people without dampness and heat. "

③ It is forbidden for those with true Yin deficiency. "

[prescription selection] ① Xuelin: Shiwei, Danggui, Puhuang and Paeonia. On the four taste governance screen, wine service square inch dagger, three daily service. (Qian Jin Fang Shi Wei SAN)

② Treatment of cloudy urine

Chinese PinYin : Shi Wei