cinnamon

Chinese Name: Cinnamomum cassia

[category] skin

[synonyms] Mu GUI (Ben Jing), Zi Gui (on medicinal properties), Da GUI (Tang Ben Cao), La GUI (ren Zhai Zhi Zhi Fang), GUI PI (Ben Cao Shu), Yu Gui (Ben Cao Qiu yuan).

[source] it is the dry bark and branch bark of Cinnamomum cassia.

[plant morphology] Cinnamomum cassia, also known as Cinnamomum cassia (Shanhaijing), Cinnamomum cassia (Erya), Cinnamomum cassia (Erya) and Cinnamomum cassia.

Evergreen trees, 12-17 m high. The bark is gray brown, fragrant, and the young branches are slightly quadrangular. Leaves alternate, leathery; oblong to sublanceolate, 8-17 cm long, 3.5-6 cm wide, apex pointed, base obtuse, entire, upper green, glossy, lower gray green, pubescent; 3-veined from base, distinctly raised below, veinlets laterally parallel; petiole stout, 1-2 cm long. Panicles axillary or subterminal, 10-19 cm long, pubescent; flowers small, about 3 cm in diameter; pedicel about 5 mm long; perianth tube about 2 mm long, lobes 6, yellowish green, elliptic, about 3 mm long, inside and outside densely pubescent; stamens 9, 3-whorled, anthers rectangular, 4-locular, petal split, outside 2-whorled, without glands on filaments, anthers inward, stamens outward in the third whorl, filaments 2-whorled There are two glands at the base, one round of staminodes in the innermost part, anther heart-shaped; pistil is slightly shorter than stamen, ovary is elliptic, 1-locular, ovule is 1, style is thin, several times as long as ovary, stigma is slightly discoid. Berry elliptic or obovate, apex slightly truncate, dark purple, about 12-13 mm long, with persistent perianth outside. Seeds long ovate, purple. The flowering period is from May to July. The fruit period is from February to march of the next year.

Cultivated in sandy soil and slope mountain. Distributed in Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Yunnan and other places.

The tender branch (Cinnamon Twig) and young fruit (Cassia tuber) of this plant are also used for medicine. See special regulations for details.

[collection] generally from August to October, the bark of Osmanthus fragrans is peeled according to a certain width and processed into different specifications

① Guangui: peel the bark and bark of young trees that have been cultivated for 5-6 years. After 1-2 days, roll them into cylinder shape and dry them in the shade.

② Qibiangui: peel the dried skin of more than ten years old, cut the two ends together, put it in the convex and concave wooden plate, and dry it in the sun.

③ Bangui: peel off the dry bark of the old cinnamon tree, make a ring cut 30 cm above the ground, peel off the bark, put it in the cinnamon clip, take it out when it is 90% dry, stack it vertically and horizontally, press it, and dry it completely after about one month.

As for the "cinnamon heart", that is, cinnamon processing under the inspection of the edge, remove the cork. All kinds of cinnamon products should be stored in a dry and cool place, or in tin box, sealed storage.

[medicinal material] 1. Guangui (the book of Materia Medica)

It is also known as Jungui (the first work of Ben Jing), Tonggui (Tang Ben Cao), guiertong, Guitong and Tiaogui. It is semicircular or cylindrical, about 40 cm long, 1.5-3 cm wide and 1-3 mm thick. The outer surface is grayish brown, with fine wrinkles and small cracks, oval pores, occasionally raised horizontal lines and gray spots; the surface is smooth and reddish brown when the cork is scraped off, which is commonly known as "Guixin". The inner surface is dark reddish brown and granular. It is hard and brittle. The cross section is purplish red or brownish red. Light colored stone cell groups can be seen, and the fracture lines form a ring. It's fragrant, sweet and pungent.

② Qibiangui

Also known as Qinghua GUI. It is long and flaky, curling inward on both sides, slightly concave in the center, 40-50 cm long, 4.5-6 cm wide and 3-6 mm thick. The outer surface is grayish brown, and the inner surface is reddish brown. When you use your nails to carve, there are brown oil lines. The aroma is strong, the others are similar to guangui.

③ Ban GUI (Ben Cao Tu Jing)

Also known as: Guinan. It is plate-shaped, usually 30-40 cm long, 5-12 cm wide and about 4 mm thick, with rough sections at both ends.

All the above are fine skin, thick meat, purple cross-section, oily, strong aroma, sweet slightly pungent, chew without residue is better.

Mainly produced in Guangxi, Guangdong, Yunnan and other places.

There are two kinds of Osmanthus in Ben Jing, one is mu GUI, the other is Jun GUI. According to compendium of Materia Medica, GUI is the tree GUI, and the two are combined into one. It can be seen that Cinnamomum cassia and Cinnamomum cassia are the same. As for Jungui, Tao Hongjing called it "as round as bamboo", and the book of pictures said: "the bark is green and yellow, and the thin volume is as simple as bamboo, which is also called Tonggui.". Accordingly, Jungui is now the official GUI.

[chemical constituents] cinnamon oil contains 1-2% of volatile oil, 75-90% of cinnamaldehyde, and a small amount of cinnamyl acetate and phenylpropyl acetate. This product does not contain eugenol. It also contains mucus and tannin.

[pharmacological action] ① effect on central nervous system

Cinnamaldehyde in Cinnamomum cassia has obvious sedative effect on mice, which is manifested as the decrease of spontaneous activity. It can resist the excessive activity caused by methamphetamine, the dyskinesia caused by rotating rod test, and prolong the anesthesia time of cyclohexane barbital sodium. The method of tail pressing stimulation or intraperitoneal injection of acetic acid was used to observe the writhing movement of mice. It has the effect of cooling the normal temperature of mice and the artificial fever caused by the mixed vaccine of typhoid and paratyphoid. Both cinnamaldehyde and sodium cinnamate have antipyretic effects on rabbits with fever caused by warm needling. It can delay the time of tetanic convulsion and death caused by strychnine, and reduce the incidence of tetanic convulsion and death caused by nicotine. However, it was not effective for those caused by pentylenetetrazole.

② Antihypertensive effect

Aconite root and cinnamon compound have antihypertensive effect on rats with adrenocortical hypertension (the model formed by burning one side of adrenal gland), but have no effect on rats with renal hypertension (the model formed by ligating the kidney in a zigzag way). This effect may be due to the fact that aconite root and cinnamon can promote the activity of adrenal gland, which is decreased and tends to be normal.

③ The role of schistosomiasis prevention

The mice were orally given 0.2 ml / 10 g body weight (10.8 g / 180 ml) of the extract every day for 15 days. On the third day of administration, the mice were not infected with Schistosoma japonicum. If they were used together with realgar, areca nut and ferula, they would have a certain effect.

④ Other functions

Cinnamon oil has a strong bactericidal effect, and its effect on Gram-negative bacteria is better than that on Gram-negative bacteria. Because of its irritation, it is rarely used as an antibacterial drug, but external application can treat stomachache, gastrointestinal flatulence and colic. Oral administration can be used as a stomach tonic and wind repellent. The mixture containing 1.5% cinnamon oil and 0.5% thymol was used to treat tinea capitis. Cinnamaldehyde and sodium cinnamate can cause vasodilation of frog web membrane and increase of white blood cells in rabbits.

[processing] pick up impurities, scrape off the rough skin and break it when using; or scrape off the rough skin, soak it in warm water for a while, slice it and dry it in the air.

It's sweet and hot,

① "Ben Jing" says: "Mei Xin, Wen. "

② Bielu: "it tastes sweet and pungent. It's too hot. It's poisonous. "

③ "On medicinal properties": "bitter and pungent taste, non-toxic. "

④ Qiyuan of Medicine: "Qi heat, taste Daxin. "

[Channel] into the kidney, spleen, bladder channel.

① "Pearl bag": the sun Sutra. "Foot Shaoyin meridian. "

② "Lei Gong processed medicine solution": into the heart, spleen, lung, kidney four channels. "

③ According to the classic of Materia Medica, "the blood of hand and foot Shaoyin and Jueyin is divided. "

Functions and indications: tonifying Yuanyang, warming spleen and stomach, eliminating cold accumulation, and dredging blood vessels. It is used to treat the fire failure of life gate, cold pulse of limbs, collapse of dead Yang, abdominal pain, diarrhea, cold hernia, galloping porpoise, cold pain of waist and knee, menorrhea, Baihuang, Yin gangrene, Liuzhu, deficiency of Yang, upper heat and lower cold.

① "Ben Jing" says: "the main Qi coughs inversely, the Qi is blocked in the throat, the vomiting and suction are beneficial to the joints, and the Qi is replenished in the middle. "

② Bielu: "it's mainly about heartache, hypochondriac wind, hypochondriac pain, warming tendons, unblocking pulse, stopping trouble and sweating. "It can warm the middle, benefit the liver and lung qi, cold and heat in the heart and abdomen, cold and disease in the abdomen, cholera, headache, low back pain, stop spitting, cough, nose?: it can abortion, strengthen the bones, dredge the blood vessels, and manage the deficiency; it can preach all kinds of drugs, without fear. "

③ "Theory of medicinal properties": "indications: several kinds of heartache, killing three insects, main breaking blood, tongliyueguan, treatment of soft feet, Bi, unkind, not under the coat, in addition to cough, Qi, carbuncle Bi, stop intra-abdominal air-conditioning, pain can not bear, main diarrhea, nasal polyps. Plant poison. "

④ Rihuazi materia medica: "it can cure all kinds of customs, tonify five labors and seven injuries, dredge nine orifices, benefit joints, benefit essence, improve eyesight, warm waist and knee, break the disease of rash, eliminate blood stasis, cure rheumatism, bone contracture, renew muscles and bones, and generate muscles. "

⑤ "Pearl bag": "to guard against wind evil, autumn and winter lower abdominal pain. "

⑥ "Medical Qiyuan" said: "it can make up for the deficiency of lower Jiao, treat the deep cold, shoulder cold and self perspiration due to exterior deficiency. Secret of indications: exudation, relieving thirst. "

⑦ "Medicine heart method": "the enemy cold evil, the treatment of galloping porpoise. "

⑧ Wang Haogu: "to make up for the deficiency of life gate, to benefit fire and eliminate Yin.". "

⑨ "The compendium of Medical Sciences" says: "for the treatment of cold and arthralgia, wind, excessive Yin, blood loss, diarrhea and convulsive diarrhea. "It can treat Yang deficiency, blood loss, carbuncle and acne in the inner support, induce blood, sweat and pus, and relieve the venom of Agkistrodon halys. "

[usage and dosage] oral administration: decoction, 0.5-1.5 money; or into pills, powder. External use: grind the end to adjust to apply or dip wine to rub.

[should avoid] it should not be taken when Yin deficiency and fire are excessive, and pregnant women should take it with caution.

① Bielu: "get ginseng, licorice, Ophiopogon japonicus, rhubarb, Scutellaria baicalensis, regulate the middle Qi; get bupleurum, purple quartz, dried rehmannia, cure vomiting. "

② "Drug pair": "avoid Shizhi. "

③ The classic of materia medica: "blood avalanche, blood drenching, hemoptysis due to yin deficiency, epistaxis, toothache, blood perspiration, unfavorable urination due to heat, dry stool due to heat, cough due to lung heat, excessive postpartum bleeding, postpartum fever due to blood deficiency, cold and heat due to blood deficiency after parturition, five heart disturbs due to yin deficiency, like tuyere in the middle, eyes askew, aphasia, language astringency, hand and foot dryness, heat stroke, dizziness, moderate heat, abdominal pain, women's yin deficiency Less abdominal pain, all febrile diseases, fever, headache, thirst, Yang Syndrome, rash, infantile Sha syndrome

Chinese PinYin : Rou Gui