Scorpio

Scorpio

(Shu materia medica)

[synonyms] Γ (the book of songs), Γ - tailed worm (Shuowen), Du Bo (Guangya), Zhubo worm (Youyang Zazu), weiwa (Shu materia medica), quanchong (empirical identification method of traditional Chinese Medicine), Fu beichong (records of Shanxi Traditional Chinese Medicine).

[source] it is the dried whole insect of Buthus martensii.

[animal form] Buthus martensii

Body length is about 6 cm, divided into head, chest and abdomen. The cephalothorax is short, 7 segments, indistinct segmentation. The back is covered with cephalothorax. There is a monocular mass on both sides of the front end. In the middle of the back of the cephalothorax, there is another pair, such as compound eyes. There are two pairs of appendages on the head, one pair of which is very small, and the other pair is a pair of strong foot whiskers, which is shaped like a crab claw. There are 4 pairs of walking feet in the chest, each foot is divided into 7 sections, and there are 2 hook claws at each end. The abdomen is very long, which is divided into two parts: anterior abdomen and posterior abdomen. The anterior abdomen is wide and has seven sections. The first section has a reproductive organ on the abdomen and has a reproductive pore inside. The second section has a pair of pectinate plates on the abdomen with 16-25 teeth. The third to sixth section has a pair of lung Book pores on the abdomen. The posterior abdomen is slender and divided into 5 segments and 1 segment of tail spines. Each segment of the posterior abdomen has several longitudinal edges formed by particles. The tail spines are hook shaped, upward curved, with poisonous glands inside.

The eggs are viviparous. Most of them live in caves. They like to live in stone crevices or under dead leaves. They are nocturnal and prey on insects, spiders and other animals. It is distributed all over the country, especially in the area north of the Yangtze River.

[collection] wild scorpions were captured from mid spring to early autumn. During the period from Qingming to Guyu, the catcher is called "spring scorpion", who does not eat soil at this time and has better quality; in summer, the catcher has more yield and is called "Fu scorpion", because he has eaten soil and has lower quality. The scorpions are captured every other year. They are usually trapped by light in autumn evening. After the scorpions move out, they are carried into a smooth porcelain basin with bamboo chopsticks or put into a jar with a basin at the mouth of the cave. After catching it, first immerse it in clean water, wait for it to spit out soil, then take it out, put it in a boiling water pot, add a small amount of salt, boil it, float it with clean water and dry it.

The head, chest and front abdomen of the dried worm are oblong and flat, and the back abdomen is caudate. The complete one is about 6 cm long. The whole body is green brown, the abdomen and limbs are yellow, and the tip of tail spines is brown. There are black or brownish yellow residues in the chest after fracture, and the back abdomen is hollow. It is light, crisp, slightly fishy and salty. It is better to have yellow color, integrity and few sundries in the abdomen. There is a single use after the abdomen, known as "scorpion tail", also known as "scorpion tip.".

Mainly produced in Henan, Shandong, Hubei, Anhui and other places.

[chemical constituents] it contains scorpion venom, a protein similar to snake venom neurotoxin. In addition, it contains trimethylamine, betaine, taurine, palmitic acid, stearic acid, cholesterol, lecithin and ammonium salt.

The venoms of scorpions from Europe and North Africa contain neurotoxins I and II. Neurotoxin II is a peptide chain composed of 64 amino acids.

[pharmacological action] ① anticonvulsant effect

Zhijing powder (the mixture of scorpion and centipede dry powder) was taken orally to mice at a dose of 1G per day for 1, 3 and 9 days. It had antagonistic effect on convulsions induced by pentylenetetrazol, strychnine and nicotine. The effect of Zhijing powder on convulsions caused by strychnine was the most significant, followed by nicotine, worse than pentylenetetrazol, and no effect on cocaine. Scorpion and centipede were used alone, 1 g per day is also effective, but the effect of scorpion is worse than centipede.

② Effects on cardiovascular system

After intravenous injection of scorpion extract and decoction, the blood pressure of rabbits and dogs decreased temporarily (a few showed a temporary rise), but recovered quickly, and then there was a gradual and lasting decline in blood pressure, which lasted for more than 1-3 hours. Intragastric or intramuscular administration still had a significant and lasting antihypertensive effect, and repeated administration did not show rapid tolerance. The principle of hypotension is to inhibit the vasomotor center, dilate blood vessels, directly inhibit the heart and resist the pressor effect of epinephrine. It has obvious sedative effect on conscious animals, but does not make animals sleep. It may also be related to hypotension. Sodium Scorpionate isolated from Scorpion was injected intravenously into anesthetized rabbits to produce a temporary decrease in blood pressure, but it had an excitatory effect on isolated frog heart, and a contractile effect on frog hind limbs and isolated rabbit ear blood vessels.

[toxicity] the main effect of scorpion venom is respiratory paralysis. The minimum lethal dose of scorpion venom is 0.07 mg / kg for rabbits, 0.5 mg / kg for mice and 0.7 mg / kg for frogs. The poisoning symptoms of rabbits were tetanic spasm, salivation, respiratory arrest, and blood pressure rise. The frog showed fibrous contracture of the limbs. The mice showed paralysis of the limbs and respiration following the excited state. Scorpion venom has no hemolysis and coagulation. It can inhibit the isolated frog heart, contract the blood vessels of frog hind limbs, and excite the isolated rabbit intestine and frog bladder.

The curative effect of scorpion Decoction on experimental animal tetanus: Scorpion 15g, red peony 12.5g, rhubarb 10g, licorice 7.5G, made into 200ml decoction is Scorpion decoction. The mixture of 1-10% scorpion Decoction and tetanus bacilli for 60-90 minutes had no bacteriostatic effect, but mixed in the culture medium had a certain inhibitory effect. It has no neutralizing or damaging effect on tetanus toxin. There was no therapeutic or preventive effect of scorpion Decoction on experimental tetanus in guinea pigs or mice. No obvious toxic symptoms were found in mice by oral, subcutaneous or intravenous injection of 0.1-1 ml scorpion Decoction and guinea pigs by oral or subcutaneous injection of 0.2-5 ml scorpion decoction.

[processing] bleach with water to remove salt, dry in the sun, or bake with low fire.

① "The compendium of Chinese medicine" says: "when it is used as medicine, it is not enough to be baked. "

② "Ben Jing Feng Yuan": "roll vinegar to soak salty, fry dry. "

[flavor] salty, pungent, flat, poisonous.

① Rihuazi materia medica: "Ping. "

② Kaibao materia medica: "it tastes sweet and spicy, and is poisonous. "

③ Yilin zuanyao: "bitter, salty, cold. "

[Guijing] Gangri: "zujueyin meridian. "

Functions and indications: dispel wind, stop spasm, dredge collaterals and detoxify. It is used to treat convulsion, convulsion, epilepsy, stroke, hemiplegia, mouth and eye deviation, migraine, rheumatism, arthralgia, tetanus, lymph node tuberculosis, rubella, sore and swelling.

① Kaibao materia medica: "it can cure various wind addiction rashes, stroke, hemiplegia, mouth and eye deviation, language astringency, hand and foot cramps. "

② "The treatment of convulsions in children" in the book of Materia Medica. "

③ According to the compendium of Materia Medica, "scorpion and Saposhnikovia are suitable for tetanus. "

④ "Compendium": "treat adult malaria, deafness, hernia, wind sores, women take down, Yin off. "

⑤ "Ben Cao Zheng": "open wind phlegm. "

⑥ "Yucatalpa medicine solution": "through tendons and bones, remove dampness and wind. "

⑦ "Shandong Chinese herbal medicine manual": "Xifeng Tongluo, Zhenjing. Treatment of thromboangiitis obliterans, tuberculosis of lymph nodes, tuberculosis of bone and joint, mumps. "

[usage and dosage] oral administration: decoction, scorpion 0.8-1.5 money, scorpion tail 3-5 points; or into the pill, powder. External use: grind and apply.

[taboo] it should not be taken when blood deficiency causes wind.

① "The classic of Materia Medica": "it is like stroke and infantile slow spleen wind. The disease belongs to deficiency, and the method is salty and taboo. "

② "Seeking truth from Materia Medica": avoid snails. "

[prescription selection] ① for infantile convulsion: a scorpion without head and tail, wrapped with four leaves of mint, roasted on the fire to scorch the mint, and made into four servings and soup. Adults only take one suit. (empirical formula)

② Zhitian fishing Jingfeng, turn your eyes up: a dry scorpion (fried with tile), cinnabar three mung bean big. For the end, rice ball, mung bean big, outside with a little cinnabar, with wine next pill. (Sheng Hui Fang)

③ Treatment of Japanese encephalitis convulsions: Scorpion one or two, centipede one or two, Bombyx Batryticatus two or two, Gastrodia one or two. For severe convulsions, you can take one money first, and then take three or five minutes every four to six hours. (Hubei experience exchange of Chinese herbal medicine)

④ Treatment of infantile dysentery: take 30 scorpions, take a large pomegranate, cut the head and remove the seeds to make a basin, take the scorpion in the middle, wrap it with paper tendons and yellow mud, bake it dry at first, gradually burn it to make it red, for a long time, remove the skin and cool it, take the blackened ones and grind them into powder. Every time you take it, you can adjust a word with milk. Son slightly big, to Fangfeng soup adjust half money. (Sheng Hui Fang)

⑤ Treatment of epilepsy: scorpion, Curcuma, alum each equal. Mix the flour, take 5 minutes each time, three times a day. (selected materials of new medical treatment of Chinese herbal medicine, Inner Mongolia)

⑥ Treatment of hypertension, Arteriosclerosis Caused by headache: whole worm, Uncaria each two money, Lishen two money. At the end of the study, two times a mouthful, two yuan each time. (selected materials of new medical treatment of Chinese herbal medicine, Inner Mongolia)

⑦ Treatment of stroke, mouth and eye deviation, hemiplegia: white aconite, white ginger silkworm, scorpion (detoxification) each equal (and raw). For the fine end, each serving a money, hot wine tune down, regardless of the time. (Qianzheng powder in Yang's family collection)

⑧ Treatment of sudden deafness closed ears: Scorpio to poison, for the end, a money wine service, to the ear to hear the sound of water is effective. (Miscellaneous notes of zhiyatang)

⑨ Treatment of thromboangiitis obliterans, tuberculosis of lymph nodes, tuberculosis of bone and joint: scorpion, earthworm, tuyuan, centipede, etc., research into fine powder, or water pan into pills. Take eight minutes each time, three times a day. (Shandong Handbook of Chinese herbal medicine)

⑩ Treatment of wind dampness Bi, hands and feet do not lift, tendon contracture pain: first with customs clearance, followed by seven scorpions, tile fried, into the word musk, research evenly, wine three, hollow transfer service: if you feel through, then stop, not through again; if the disease is not completely removed, from then on to wash Artemisia ordosica root, wine fried, two days service. (ren Zhai Zhi Zhi Fang)

(11) treatment of tetanus: 1 point for musk (Research) and 1 point for dried scorpion. For the end, apply to the affected area. (musk powder in Puji Fang)

(12) treatment of newborn children umbilical wind pinch mouth, more than cry not milk, mouth foam: Scorpion 21, with good wine coated for the end, musk word (another research). On and for the fine end. With half a word, fried soup transfer service. (Xuanfeng powder in the wonderful prescription for taking care of life)

The treatment of infantile umbilical wind pinch mouth, face red asthma urgent, cry not out: Barefoot golden head centipede a, scorpion tip four tail, ginger silkworm seven, Qu Mai half money. On the end, first with goose feather tube blowing medicine into the nose, so that sneezing cry can be treated

Chinese PinYin : Quan Xie