seaweed

(Ben Jing)

[synonyms] Jiang (Erya), luoshou (Ben Jing), Hailuo (Erya, Guo Pu's note), Jue (BIE Lu), wucai (Luoyuan county annals), kelp flower (Chinese herbal medicine manual).

[source] the whole plant of sargassaceae, Sargassum fusiforme or Artemisia ordosica.

[plant morphology] 1. Sargassum fusiforme (Zhangpu County annals), also known as yuhaicao, lantern algae, bearded bubble, medicinal tea and cauda.

Perennial brown algae, fleshy, yellow, 7-40 cm high. Fixator fibrous like root; spindle cylindrical, erect, 2-4 mm in diameter, with branches and leaflike protuberances from around; branches very short; leaflike protuberances clavate, 3.5-7 cm long, apex shield shaped, sometimes inflated, hollow into bubbles, entire. Air sac and genital receptacle are axillary; air sac is fusiform, 5-10 mm long; genital receptacle is cylindrical or elliptic, 5-15 mm long, clumped axillary.

On rocks where low tide and shallow water surge. Distributed in Liaoning, Shandong, Fujian, Zhejiang, Guangdong and other coastal areas.

② Artemisia selengensis

Perennial brown algae, dark brown, 30-100 cm high. The fixator is flat, discoid or short conic, with a diameter of 2 cm; the main axis is cylindrical, short when young, but growing year by year; there are obtuse or right angled pinnate branches and axillary branchlets on both sides, and there are many short spiny processes on them when young; the shape and size of leaf processes vary greatly, including lanceolate, oblanceolate, obovate and linear, with the elder reaching 25 cm and the shorter only 2 cm 5 cm in width, with indistinct midrib processes and obvious pit spots, 1 mm in width, without midrib processes or spots, entire or serrate. Most of the branchlets with filiform protuberances grow in the axillary part of the linear leaflike protuberance. The genital torus or the genital branch grows from the axillary part of the filiform protuberance. Gasbag on the final branch, stipe, spherical or nearly spherical at maturity, round or apical convex, with sparse pit spots on the surface. Genital stipules solitary or racemose arranged on reproductive branchlets, cylindrical, 3-15 mm long or longer, ca. 1 mm in diameter.

It is found on rocks where the sea surges below the low tide line. It is distributed in Liaoning, Shandong and other coastal areas.

[collection] in summer and autumn, fish or cut from the sea, remove impurities, wash with fresh water and dry in the sun.

[medicinal materials] 1. Seaweed with small leaves: it is the dry whole grass of Sargassum fusiforme, and it is curly mass. Black brown, with white salt frost on the surface, brittle and fragile. After soaking, the meat is smooth, sticky and pliable. The main shaft is cylindrical, with short branches on it. The leaf like protrusion is rod-shaped, slightly flat, and sometimes the apex is inflated, hollow into bubbles or shields. There are spindle shaped air sacs in the armpit, 5-10 mm long, tufted. It's smelly and salty.

Mainly produced in Fujian, Zhejiang, Guangdong and other places.

② Macrophyllum: it is the dry whole grass of Artemisia selengensis, which is curly and similar to Sargassum fusiforme. After being soaked, it is sticky, smooth and pliable, and the leaf like protuberance is slightly leathery. The spindle is cylindrical with many short spines on its surface. Many branches. The leaf like processes were lanceolate, oblanceolate, obovate and linear, with dark brown spots on the surface. The final branches are gasbag, globose or elliptic, smaller than the upper species, stipitate, sometimes apically pointed. It's smelly and salty.

Mainly produced in Shandong, Liaoning and other places.

In addition, in a few areas, the whole grass of trigonometric algae such as broomcorn millet and Sargassum thunbergii is still used as seaweed.

[chemical constituents] Sargassum fusiforme contains 20.8% alginate, 7.95% crude protein, 10.25% mannitol, 37.19% ash, 12.82% potassium and 0.03% iodine.

The content of alginate 19.0%, crude protein 9.69%, mannitol 9.07%, ash 30.65%, potassium 5.99%, iodine 0.017%. It contains D-galactose, D-mannose, D-xylose, L-fucose, D-glucuronic acid and polypeptide.

[pharmacological action] ① action on thyroid gland

See article.

② Effect on blood

It was reported that seaweed extract had anticoagulant effect, similar to heparin and heparin. It was proved that alginic acid and its sulfate had no anticoagulant effect; however, after treatment, the degradation product (from the original molecular weight of 145000 to the molecular weight of 10000-50000) was further introduced with oso3h. When the sulfur content reached 9.2-12.3%, the anticoagulant effect was about 1 / 2 of that of heparin. Alginate itself can prevent blood coagulation disorders. Calcium alginate as surgical dressing has hemostatic effect.

③ Hypolipidemic effect

It has been reported that many kinds of seaweed (unknown species) can reduce the cholesterol level in serum or organs of rats (high-fat diet), and the sterol, especially β - sitosterol, has the strongest effect. Sodium alginate can inhibit the growth of rats. The sulfated alginate has the effect of anti hyperlipidemia, and its effect is the same as that of heparin (i.e. blood lipid clarifying factor). Generally speaking, with the decrease of molecular weight, its anti hyperlipidemia effect will also decrease, but if alginate sulfate is further sulfonated, its effect will disappear. Injection of 5-10 mg / kg of alginate sulfate into rabbits (fed with cholesterol) can not only reduce lipidemia, but also significantly reduce serum cholesterol level and atherosclerosis. There is no significant change in blood coagulation. At this time, the weight growth rate of rabbits is inhibited, the omentum and retroperitoneal fat are less, while the spleen is enlarged, and there is lipid accumulation, so its effect is not only liver injury In addition to the action of leptin, it may be related to the increased ability of reticuloendothelial system to swallow lipid particles.

④ Blood volume expander

Alginate sodium (molecular weight: 20000-26000) can be used as a plasma substitute, ALGINON is a mixture of 0.4% alginate sodium, 5% glucose and 0.9% saline; it is reported that its capacity expansion effect is similar to dextran, and it has no damage to liver, spleen, kidney and bone marrow, generally has no allergy, and can increase hematopoietic function. After disinfection, the product can be preserved for several years.

⑤ Effects on pathogens

The effects of seaweed and Laminaria extract on Schistosoma japonicum (see Laminaria); the inhibitory effects of seaweed aqueous extract on some fungi; and the effects of seaweed containing compound huaaidan (see Laminaria) on ascites cancer in mice were reported. Sodium alginate has no antibacterial effect, and this kind of polysaccharide can often reduce the activity of antibiotics. It has also been reported that the water and alcohol extracts of different species of seaweed have antibacterial effect in vitro.

⑥ Antihypertensive effect

The results showed that seaweed at a large dose (0.76 g / kg) had a significant and lasting effect on reducing blood pressure in anesthetized dogs and rabbits, and the water agent was stronger than tincture. High dose of sodium alginate can also make blood pressure drop temporarily, while medium dose of sodium alginate can make blood pressure rise temporarily. It has a transient excitatory effect on isolated rabbit heart, but has no effect on smooth muscle.

⑦ Other functions

Alginic acid has a wide range of uses, its sodium salt can be used as a stabilizer of vitamin C aqueous solution (concentration is 0.03%); in acidic food, it is better to use alginate sodium 32 mg% and 0.05N citric acid as stabilizer. It has protective effect on oral administration of alkaline earth metal radioisotopes ra226, ba140 and Sr90, and can promote their excretion from the body; taking 1.5g sodium alginate can reduce the absorption of Sr85 by half; even taking 8g sodium alginate does not affect the absorption of calcium. The mixture of alginic acid and amphetamine can be used as appetite inhibitor, which can reduce obesity without causing insomnia. With magnesium trisilicate, aluminum hydroxide and other anti acid agent, can reduce the sense of sand or convergence. It can also be used to eliminate the bad smell of medicine. In addition, sodium alginate is widely used in surgical dressing, pharmaceutical industry, food preservation, textile industry, paper industry and photography.

[toxicity] seaweed for food. When the rabbits were given intragastric administration, there was no obvious toxic additive effect between the two drugs, that is, the so-called "opposite" situation in the traditional Chinese medicine was not found. Sodium alginate is toxic to mice (0.5-1 g / kg intraperitoneal injection, the mortality is 30% and 82% after 48 hours), but not to rats; therefore, when sodium alginate is used as a suspension to determine the drug toxicity, mice should not be used. Intravenous or intraperitoneal injection of sodium alginate can cause cardiac thrombosis or damage brain, kidney, liver and other organs in cats. Alginic acid has no carcinogenic effect on mice.

[processing] remove impurities, rinse with water, air slightly, cut into sections and dry in the sun.

[flavor] bitter, salty and cold.

① Ben Jing: "it tastes bitter and cold. "

② Bielu: "it tastes salty and nontoxic. "

③ "On medicinal properties": "salty, there are small poisons. "

[channel tropism] entering lung, spleen and kidney channels.

① New edition of materia medica: "into the spleen. "

② Ben Cao Qiu Zhen: "into the kidney. "

③ "Into the lung, stomach two channels. "

[function indications] soft and firm, phlegm, diuresis, heat. It is used to treat scrofula, gall, accumulation, edema, beriberi, testicular swelling and pain.

① "Ben Jing" says: "it can control gall Qi, lower cervical nucleus, break and disperse Qi, carbuncle and swelling, firm Qi, upper and lower abdominal sounds, and lower edema. "

② Bielu: "it can cure skin accumulation, rash, retention of Qi, heat accumulation and facilitate urination. "

③ "Theory of medicinal properties": "treat Qi and phlegm, hernia, pain and swelling, remove thunder in the abdomen, and make a quiet sound. "

④ Meng Shen: "the master is the man

Chinese PinYin : Hai Zao