papaya

papaya

(Modern Practical Chinese Medicine)

[synonyms] shigua (pinhuijingyao), wanshouguo (Zhaoqing Fu Zhi), pengshengguo, Rugua (Lingnan Zaji), papaya (a textual research on the names and facts of plants), papaya (Taiwan plant list), Guangxi papaya and papaya (Luchuan materia medica).

[source] it is the fruit of papaya.

[plant morphology] papaya, also known as wax gourd tree (Luojiang county annals).

Trees, up to 8 m tall, unbranched or sometimes with new branches drawn from the damaged area; soft dry with large leaf scars. The leaves are large, suborbicular, usually palmately 7-9-lobed, with a diameter of 60 cm. Each lobe is pinnately divided. The stalk is hollow, 60 cm or more long, and the male flowers are sessile. They are arranged on a long and drooping panicle, 1 m long, aggregated, grass yellow, with weak corolla tube, about 2 cm long, and 10 stamens. The female flowers are few sessile, solitary or several arranged in corymbs Petals yellow white, lanceolate and twisted, detached, ovary superior, 1-locular. The fruit is oblong or nearly spherical, orange yellow when ripe, 10-30 cm long; the flesh is thick, yellow, with many black seeds on the inner wall. It blooms all year round.

It is cultivated in Guangdong, Fujian, Taiwan, Guangxi and Yunnan.

The leaves of this plant (papaya leaves) are also used for medicine. Please refer to the special section for details.

[collection] in summer and autumn, the fruits are harvested when they are ripe.

[medicinal materials] the fruit is oblong or bottle shaped, with yellowish brown or dark yellow surface, ten shallow longitudinal grooves, 15-25 cm in length and 7-12 cm in diameter. The peel is fleshy and has white juice. Seed coat with many processes, 4-6 mm in diameter, pale yellow, reticulate.

It is produced in Guangxi and Guangdong.

[chemical constituents] the fruit contains papain, papain and chymosin; in the light yellow fruit, it contains cryptoflavin, sphenoidin, β - carotene, δ - carotene and cryptoflavin epoxide; in the red fruit, it also contains lycopene. The seeds contain benzyl isothiocyanate and papain.

[pharmacological action] 1. Anti tumor effect

Papain has "strong anticancer activity" against lymphoblastic leukemia cells (L1210) and "moderate activity" against lymphoblastic leukemia P388 and "EA" tumor cells.

② Antibacterial and antiparasitic effects

Papain had a slight inhibitory effect on Mycobacterium tuberculosis (H37Rv) in vitro; leaves and roots had weak antibacterial effect, but petioles had no effect. It has also been proved that leaves and juice have no antibacterial effect, but seeds, fruits and roots have certain antibacterial effect; the best solvent of antibacterial components is acetone; the content has seasonal differences. The extract of fruit slightly prolonged the survival time of chick embryo infected with the virus. There was no antimalarial effect in the whole experiment. Papain can kill amoeba, and its hydrochloride is also effective in clinical application. The pulp juice and papain are effective in expelling Taenia, Ascaris and Trichuris. The latter has been proved to be effective in killing Ascaris lumbricoides. The benzyl isothiocyanate isolated from seeds has the effect of driving Ascaris lumbricoides and has no toxicity except local stimulation. Papain has also been used as an insect repellent.

③ The function of protease

Papain, can help protein digestion, can be used for chronic dyspepsia and gastritis. It can also be used in the prevention and treatment of adhesion by intraperitoneal injection. The pulp of immature fruit can digest the damaged tissue in the lesion of anthrax, but the healthy tissue is not affected; the effect of mature fruit is poor. Papain aqueous solution can dissolve small blood clots, and the dissolution is faster if a trace of glutathione is added. Oxytetracycline, chloramphenicol, chloramphenicol and streptomycin can delay this effect, but penicillin, Sulfanilamide and gastrisin have no effect on it. Therefore, papain can be used for wound with necrotic tissue, chronic otitis media, dissolution of diphtheria pseudomembrane and enzymatic debridement in burn. Papain is an effective antigen, which can cause allergy in inhalation, oral administration, injection and local application. It can release histamine and is very toxic by intravenous injection.

④ Other functions

Intravenous injection of papain can cause histamine release, prolong blood coagulation time, and lead to shock. The protein substances obtained from the juice had significant anticoagulant effect in both the test tube test and the whole test. At the dosage of anticoagulant (dog, 2 mg / kg), it had no obvious effect on cardiovascular and respiratory system, but a large dose had direct inhibitory effect on the heart. Because of allergy and ileal spasm, its treatment is still limited.

Papain can cause the decrease of blood pressure in rabbits, stop the dilation period of isolated frog heart and rabbit heart, cause the vasoconstriction of frog hind limb and the relaxation of rabbit ear shell, kidney, small intestine and coronary artery.

Papain can inhibit the smooth muscle of intestine (cat, rabbit and guinea pig) and trachea (guinea pig), excite the pregnant uterus (rabbit and guinea pig) and normal uterus (guinea pig) in a small amount, paralyze the skeletal muscle in a large amount.

The seed contains papain and myrosinase, the former is similar to myroside, and produces irritant volatiles after hydrolysis. The pulp juice of the fruit has obvious contractile effect on the uterus of guinea pigs. According to Yunzi, it has abortion effect and has been used as a menstruating agent and anti stimulant.

[toxicity] papain can paralyze the central nervous system and cause mild spasm in mice and rabbits at the end of poisoning. The main causes of death are respiratory paralysis and cardiac dysfunction.

Sweet and smooth.

① "Compendium": "bitter, flat, non-toxic. "

② Yao Kecheng's food materia medica: "it tastes sour, bitter and non-toxic. "

③ Lu Chuan's materia medica: "it tastes sweet and has a slightly cold nature. "

[function indications] it is used to treat stomachache, dysentery, dysentery, wind obstruction and rotten feet.

① "Compendium": "master heartache, decoction wash wind Bi. "

② Yao Kecheng's food materia medica: "it can promote qi, disperse stagnant blood, treat heartache and relieve heat depression. "

③ "Fruit juice, used as insect repellent and preservative. "

④ "Modern practical Chinese medicine": "immature fruit liquid, the treatment of gastric dyspepsia, and for nutrition, but also for the hair milk agent. Ripe fruit, can benefit urine, also can cure red and white dysentery. "

⑤ "Lu Chuan's materia medica:" it can cure paralysis of hands and feet, and rot feet in old age. "

[usage and dosage] oral administration: decoction, fresh 1-2 Liang; grind 5-8 points; or jiaozhiyin. External use: wash with boiling water.

[selected formula] for the treatment of rotten feet in remote years: two pairs of wax gourd, one or two loaves of Coix lacryi and one pig's foot. Cook clothes together. (Lu Chuan Ben Cao)

Chinese PinYin : Fan Mu Gua