Mushroom

Mushroom

(daily use materia medica)

[synonym] chicken foot mushroom, mushroom mushroom (broad spectrum), meat mushroom (compendium).

[source] it is the fruiting body of Agaricus blazei.

[plant morphology] mushroom

The pileus is 4-13 cm wide, oblate, semi spherical to flat, non sticky, smooth, sometimes with hairy scales, white or nearly white; the flesh of the fungus is thick and white; the stipe is the same color as the pileus, nearly cylindrical, soft and plump inside, 2.5-9 cm long, 8-15 mm thick, with filamentous cilia or hairy scales below the annulus, later becoming smooth; the middle part of the stipe of the annulus is white, membranous; the pileus is smooth Free, slightly dense to dense, middle wide, nearly white, then pink, finally black brown; spores elliptic, smooth, dark purple brown.

It is cultivated all over the country.

[collection] most of them are cultivated in autumn, winter and spring. After growing, they are collected to remove impurities, and then dried or dried.

[chemical composition] the general composition of fresh mushroom and dried Tricholoma is as follows: edible part 97%, 91%; water content 93 g, 17 g per 100 g edible part; protein 2.9 g, 35.6 g; fat 0.2 g, 1.4 g; carbohydrates 3 G, 14 g; crude fiber 0.6 g, 6.9 g; ash 0.6 g, 16.2 g; calcium 8 mg, 100 mg; phosphorus 6.6 mg, 162 mg; iron 1.3 mg, 32 mg; Thiamine (vitamin B1) 0.11 mg, 0.02 mg; riboflavin (vitamin B1) 0.16 mg, 2.53 mg; nicotinic acid (nicotinic acid) 3.3 mg, 55.1 mg; vitamin C4 mg, 1 mg. There are more fatty acids and linoleic acid in fat, but less oleic acid. It also contains a variety of free amino acids, protein contains a variety of amino acids. It also contains nitrogen-containing substances related to amino acids, such as α - aminoadipic acid, β - aminoisobutyric acid, concanavaline, carnosine, creatinine, cystathionine, 2,4-diaminobutyric acid, homocystine, homoserine, hydroxylysine, caninurea, sarcosine, gamma aminobutyric acid, etc., as well as threonine, aspartic acid, valine, leucine, citrulline, phenylalanine and glycine N-pyroglutamyl-glucosamine, n-pyroglutamyl-glucosamine, etc.

Mushroom contains 5 "- adenosine monophosphate and 5" - urinoside monophosphate. It also contains hexitol, pentose alcohol, xylitol in pentose alcohol, 100 mg / kg dry product. An octenol ((-) octen-1-ol-3) was obtained by steam distillation of mushroom. In addition to the above, there are 3.7-9 mg of sodium, 486 mg of potassium, 0.08 mg of manganese, 1.79 mg of copper, 0.28 mg of zinc, 0.031 mg of fluorine, 25 mg of chlorine and 18 mg of iodine in the ash; there are α -, β -, γ - and δ - enzymes in mushroom, and the enzyme contains 0.2% of copper. In addition to the aforementioned vitamins, there are also vitamins A, B6, C, D, e, K, pantothenic acid, biotin and folic acid.

Agaricus bisporus contains mannitol, trehalose, more than ten kinds of free amino acids, 0.2% fumaric acid, malic acid, succinic acid and ergosterol (dry product), and several kinds of acylglucose have been found. Different from mushrooms, Agaricus bisporus contains 0.333% free tryptophan (dry product). Agaricus bisporus contains mushroom amino acid, and its structure is β - N - (γ - L - (+) - glutaryl) - p-hydroxymethylphenylhydrazine. Each 100 grams of dried mushroom contains 100 micrograms of cobalt, which indicates that the mushroom is a kind of food for cobalt. The "white mushroom soup" made from mushrooms contains pentose, methylpentose, trehalose, mannitol, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, threonine, serine, alanine, leucine, isoleucine, proline, etc.

[pharmacological action] 1

The mushroom culture solution (cultured at 28-30 ℃ for 22 days) can inhibit Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi and Escherichia coli. The culture solution is non-toxic to guinea pigs and has no side effects after 250 ml oral administration to humans.

The juice of Agaricus nebularis Batsch. Can inhibit Mycobacterium and Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

② Other functions

The extract (extracted with ethanol for 24 hours, the filtrate was precipitated with acetone, and the supernatant was extracted with ethanol and dried in vacuum) had the effect of reducing blood glucose. A nonspecific phytohemagglutinin was isolated from mushroom.

Sweet and cool.

① Daily use materia medica: "it tastes sweet, flat and non-toxic. "

② "Suixiju diet spectrum": "sweet, cool. "

[Guijing] 1. In Ben Cao Qiu Zhen: "enter the intestine, stomach and lung. "

② Summary of materia medica: "start with the Taiyin meridian. "

[functions and indications] ① introduction to medicine: "pleasing the spirit, appetizing, antidiarrheal and antiemetic. "

② Sheng Sheng Bian: "benefiting the intestines and stomach, resolving phlegm and regulating qi. "

[usage and dosage] oral: decoction, 2-3 yuan.

[should avoid] "Yinshan Zhengzheng" says: "if you are affected by Qi, you should not eat more. "

"Mushrooms and mushrooms are the same kind, but the color of mushrooms is white and flat, while mushrooms are white and cold. Mushroom can benefit stomach qi, relieve hunger, and cure urination; mushroom can regulate qi and remove phlegm, and also has effect on intestines and stomach. However, all of them are stagnant in body moistening and nature, and all of them are blocked by internal Qi when they eat more. Moreover, they are prone to diseases, not only mushrooms. "

Chinese PinYin : Mo Gu