Crane louse

(Tang materia medica)

[synonyms] hulouse (tangbencao), guilouse (Bencao Chongyuan), beihelouse (records of traditional Chinese Medicine).

[source] it is the fruit of tianmingjing, a Compositae plant. The plant morphology is detailed in "Tian Ming Jing".

[collection] in autumn, when the fruit is hot, it is picked and dried in the sun to remove scurf and impurities.

[herbal medicine] the dried fruit is cylindrical, small, about 3-4 mm long, less than 1 mm wide, glabrous, yellowish brown on the surface, with many longitudinal ridges and grooves, linear short beak at the top, and gray white ring at the apex. The seed kernel is yellow white and oily. It tastes bitter and sticky. It is better to have a uniform, full and sticky taste.

It is mainly produced in Henan, Shanxi and Guizhou. Also produced in Shaanxi, Gansu, Hubei and other places.

In addition to the above species, there are several species of goose lice used in some areas

① It is the fruit of the Umbelliferae plant wild carrot (see "crane louse wind"). They are oval in shape, mostly divided into two petals, about 3-4 mm in length and 1.5-2.5 mm in width. The surface is brownish yellow or yellowish brown. There are residual styles at the top, round at the base, and occasionally small fruit stalks. The back of the petal is raised, with a protruding longitudinal fusiform line, on which a row of yellow white barbs are densely grown. The joint surface is slightly flat with 3 longitudinal veins and pubescence on the veins. The cross section is slightly semicircular, there is one oil pipe in each edge line, and there are two oil pipes on the joint surface. The kernel is white and oily. It has a special aroma, pungent and slightly bitter.

Produced in Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui, Hubei, Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou, Shanxi and other places.

② South China crane louse is the fruit of Umbelliferae. It is oval in shape, with 3-4 mm in length and 1.5-2 mm in width. The surface is brownish green and yellowish brown. The style remains at the top. There is a small fruit stalk at the base. The back is raised, the main ridge is slightly raised, the secondary ridge and the groove are densely covered with barbs. The joint surface is sunken into a groove, and there is a vein in the center. The cross section is semicircular. There are two oil pipes on the joint surface and four oil pipes around. The kernel is white and oily. It has a special aroma, slightly spicy and then bitter.

Produced in Hunan, Guangdong, Sichuan, Guangxi and other places.

③ Northeast crane louse is the fruit of northeast crane louse (also known as laimaozi). They are 4 erect nutlets, all ovoid conical, 2-3 mm long and 3 mm wide, with petioles at the base. Most of them are separated nutlets with oval shape, sharp tip, oval shape, brown surface, a few are gray green, densely covered with tumor like protrusions, with linear protrusions on the abdomen, two rows of barbs on the back edge, and small barbs or no barbs on the back center. The peel is hard. The kernel is white and oily. The air is weak and the taste is light.

Produced in Liaoning, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Inner Mongolia, Xinjiang, Qinghai.

In Heilongjiang Province, the fruit of the same genus, hemipsylla mongolica, was used as the medicine of the Northeast goose louse. The characters of this species are similar to those of the previous species, but the uncinate spines on the abaxial margin are in one row, and there are usually no spines in the middle of the abaxial surface.

[chemical constituents] the fruit of tianmingjing contains acid, hexanoic acid, oleic acid, d-linolenic acid, TRIACONTANE, stigmasterol, tianmingjing lactone and tianmingjing ketone.

The fruit of wild carrot contains about 2% volatile oil, and contains ether, cyclene, acid and asaronal. The seeds of Daucus Carota from North Caucasus contain about 2% volatile oil, 30% geraniol, 20% l-sabinene, 7.7% bicyclic sesquiterpene, 7.7% β - pinene, etc. It is also said that taurol acetate is the main component in the volatile oil of wild carrot seeds, and its content can reach 50%. The components of volatile oil from the fruits of wild carrots from different areas vary greatly, including linalool, α - pinene, limonene, hesperidone, carotene, elemene, α - ene, camphene, α - Terpinene, terpinene-4-ol, α - terpineol, borneol acetate, γ - decanoate, β - apigenine, α - gurrene, coumarin, carotene, carotene, etc. It is also said that the cultivated carrot fruit contains 0.6-2.1% volatile oil, 9-63% carotene, 0-48% geraniol acetate and 2.5-20% epoxy dihydrooleanolic acid. Flavonoids, sugars, quaternary ammonium alkaloids (possibly acetylcholine), amino acids, carotenoids, sterols and coronary vasodilators were also found in the fruits of wild carrot.

The content of volatile oil was 1.4%. The volatile oil mainly contains pichenylene and thierene. It also contains about 10% oil, including coriander seed acid, oleic acid and linoleic acid. It is also called containing thixol and thixolone. The seeds contain lysine.

The oil content of the seeds was 19.48%.

[pharmacological action] ① Tianming sperm has the function of anthelmintic. Add 5 drops of 1% Tianming sperm tincture into 25 ml of physiological water, heat 37 ℃, and then put into dog tapeworm. The result is that it will die in 1-2 minutes.

② There are two kinds of quaternary ammonium alkaloids in the water-soluble part of the ethanol extract from the seeds of wild carrot. One of them is identified as choline from the chemical and pharmacological aspects, so it has choline like effect; the other is not yet identified. In animal experiments (isolated guinea pig, rat small intestine, rat uterus, cat bronchus, isolated frog heart, etc.), it also showed alkali like effect. Seeds also contain flavonoids, according to cloud can dilate coronary vessels, useful for angina pectoris. The glycosides in the seeds can depress blood pressure and inhibit respiration for a short time in anesthetized dogs, relax small intestine and uterus of rats and rabbits. It has also been reported that its extract (possibly leaf) has contractile effect on the uterus of pregnant or non pregnant cats and guinea pigs. The results showed that the hot ethanol extract of the fruit had the effect of dilating coronary artery (isolated cat heart), similar to that of cocrine. The essential oil from the seeds of its variety can reduce the blood pressure of anesthetized dogs in a small amount without affecting the breathing, while in a large amount it can cause persistent hypotension and inhibit breathing. This essential oil has direct inhibitory effect on frog heart and dog heart; it has no analgesic effect on rats, but it can inhibit the central nervous system; it has mild protective effect on convulsions (frogs) caused by strychnine and pentylenetetrazol; it can relax the smooth muscle of isolated rat and rabbit small intestine and rat uterus; it can reduce the contraction caused by acetylcholine on isolated frog cross striated prone specimen.

The results showed that the fruit of the Northeast crane louse had insecticidal effect on earthworm, Ascaris lumbricoides and other insects in vitro; 1 ml of 10% alcohol extract of crane louse had no obvious effect on the head of Ascaris lumbricoides in vitro, and 25 ml of alcohol extract of crane louse had to be added to stop the contracture. After 20 hours, only a few pinworms died.

[flavor] bitter, pungent, flat, toxic.

① "Tang Materia Medica" says: "it's bitter, flat and poisonous. "

② "Compendium": "bitter and pungent, have small poison. "

③ Yilin zuanyao: "bitter, pungent, warm. "

[Guijing] Mujing Fengyuan: "entering Jueyin liver meridian. "

[function indications] insecticidal. It can cure abdominal pain caused by insect accumulation.

① Tang materia medica: "it is mainly used for Ascaris lumbricoides and Enterobius vermicularis. It can be used as powder. It can be used as pill and powder. "

② "Rihuazi Materia Medica": "kill the five viscera insects, stop malaria and apply on the sores. "

③ "Kaibao Materia Medica": "heartache, with light and half dagger service. "

④ "Ben Jing Feng Yuan": "good at regulating adverse Qi, treating phlegm and qi stagnation, killing insects. "

⑤ "Lingnan medicine collection record" says: "for the treatment of sores and snake venom, they are all tamped and applied. "

⑥ Modern Practical Traditional Chinese medicine: "it is used to treat abdominal pain. It is the repellent of tapeworm, pinworm and Ascaris lumbricoides. "

⑦ Collection of medicinal materials: "treating chronic dysentery. "

[usage and dosage] oral administration: decoction, 3-5 yuan; or into pills, powder.

[prescription selection] ① in the treatment of infantile diseases, there are many insects, such as abdominal pain, swelling, going up and down, endless pain, heart attack pain, vomiting, salivation, or spitting water, limb weakness, pale complexion, food intake, no skin, or cold or hot, heavy. Haha: Hu Fen (fried), stork louse (removed soil), neem root (removed floating skin) each fifty Liang, (withered) twelve Liang. For the end, to batter for the ball, such as pockmarked. One year old take five pills, warm water into raw sesame oil one or two points, mix well, warm rice drink also, regardless of time. (Huachong pill in local prescription)

② Cure Ascaris lumbricoides bite pain: Crane louse ten Liang. Pound sieve, honey and pill like Wuzi. Take 40 pills with honey soup on an empty stomach and increase to 50 pills a day. Be careful with wine and meat. (ancient and modern prescriptions)

③ The treatment of E. coli out of the continuous, break the rebirth, line sit not: stork lice powder, water transfer half a service. (strange evidence and strange formula)

④ Treatment of toothache: a crane louse, lift in the teeth. (compendium) two crane louse fried rice vinegar gargle. (compendium)

[clinical application] treatment of hookworm disease

Take 3 liang of crane lice, wash them and fry them in water twice. Concentrate the mixture to 60ml (each 10ml is equivalent to 5 yuan of original medicine). Filter and add a small amount of sugar to taste. Adults take 30ml before going to bed every night for two nights. After 15 days of treatment, 45 cases of hookworm egg negative, 12 cases of positive, the negative conversion rate was 79%. Before treatment, 31 cases were infected with Ascaris lumbricoides. After treatment, 19 cases of Ascaris lumbricoides eggs turned negative. It is suggested that crane louse can also drive Ascaris lumbricoides. In a few cases, tinnitus, nausea and other mild reactions can disappear within a few hours.

Chinese PinYin : He Shi