Winter flower

(Ben Jing)

[synonyms] Donghua (WAN's family's prescription), Jinhua (the complete book of sore experience), kandenghua (the collection of Chongyuan materia medica), aidonghua (records of Shanxi Traditional Chinese Medicine), Jiuhua (records of traditional Chinese Medicine).

[source] it is the flower bud of Tussilago farfara.

[plant morphology] Tusi (Chu Ci), also known as tuxi and Keling (Erya), Ligularia and huxu (Ben Jing), Tusi and kucui (Guang ya), Didong (BIE Lu), zuoling (Ben Cao Yan Yi), bajiaowu (a textual research on the name of plants).

Perennial herbs, 10-25 cm high. Basal leaves broad, heart-shaped or ovate, 7-15 cm long, 8-10 cm wide, apex obtuse, margin undulate sparsely serrate, serrate apex often reddish. The center of the base is round, thick, smooth, dark green on the top, and densely covered with white hairs on the bottom; the main veins are 5-9; the petiole is 8-20cm long, semicircular; the veins and petioles near the base are reddish and hairy. The stems are 5-10 cm long, hairy, with more than 10 alternate leaflets, and the leaves are oblong to triangular. Head inflorescence terminal; involucral bracts 1-2 layers, bracts 20-30, thin, oval, hairy; glossy flower round, bright yellow, unisexual, corolla apex concave, pistil 1, ovary inferior, style long, stigma 2-lobed; tube flower bisexual, apex 5-lobed, lobes lanceolate, stamen 5, anther united, pistil 1, style slender, stigma spherical. Achenes oblong, longitudinally ribbed, with yellowish crown hairs. The flowering period is from February to March. The fruiting period is April.

Cultivated or wild by river or sand. Distributed in Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Sichuan, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Gansu, Inner Mongolia, Xinjiang, Qinghai, Tibet and other places.

[collection] from late October to late December, when the flowers were not unearthed, the buds were picked, the pedicels and soil were removed and dried in the shade.

[medicinal material] the dry flower buds are irregular and stick shaped, usually with 2-3 inflorescences, 1-2.5 cm in length and 6-10 mm in diameter. The upper end is thick, the middle part is slightly plump, and the lower end is tapering or with short stem. The outer surface of the flower head is purplish red or light red. The inner surface of bracts is covered with white flocculent Tricholoma. It is fragrant, slightly bitter and pungent, and chews like cotton wadding. It is better to have big flower, purplish red color and no pedicel.

Produced in Shaanxi, Shanxi, Henan, Gansu, Qinghai, Sichuan, Inner Mongolia and other places.

[chemical constituents] the flower contains diol and other sterols, rutin, Hyperoside, triterpene saponin, tannin, wax, volatile oil and xanthin.

The leaves contain 2.63% bitter glycosides, acid, elastic rubber like substance, dextrin, mucus, inulin, phytosterol, stearic acid and glyceride, tartaric acid, malic acid, inverting sugar, choline, hydrocarbon and saponin. The ash contains a lot of zinc, up to 3.26%.

Fresh rhizome contains volatile oil, paraffin, inulin and tannin. The content of rubber in root is 0.015%, and the content of bornenol is 0.015%.

[pharmacological action] 1. Effect on respiratory system

With cough, expectorant and slightly antiasthmatic effect. Some parts of Eastern Europe also use the preparation of Tussilago farfara or leaf to treat tracheitis, pharyngitis and bronchial asthma. Oral administration of Tussilago farfara Decoction by injecting 1% iodine solution into the right pleura cavity of cats has significant antitussive effect, but not lasting. The decoction also has obvious antitussive effect in mice. After oral administration of the decoction, the secretion of respiratory tract in anesthetized cats increased, but the effect was not as strong as that in anesthetized cats. The tracheo pulmonary perfusion test of rabbit, guinea pig and cat in vitro showed that the extract of farfarae could slightly dilate the bronchus in a small amount, but contract in a large dose, and its antispasmodic effect was not as good as aminophylline for histamine induced spasm. Some people think that the nitrate contained in it is an antitussive ingredient.

② Effect on circulatory system

Intravenous injection of alcohol extract in anesthetized cats can reduce the blood pressure at first and then increase it. According to the component separation test, the soluble part of alcohol soluble ether of Tussilago farfara has a pressor effect, and the insoluble part of alcohol soluble ether has a depressor effect. The pressor effect principle is preliminarily considered to be due to the excitation of sympathetic ganglion, parasympathetic nerve, central excitation and direct excitation of vascular smooth muscle It is caused by many effects. The decoction and alcohol extract had inhibitory effect on isolated toad heart. The results showed that the ether extract had contractile effect on the perfusion of hind limbs and whole body.

③ Other functions

The ether extract had inhibitory effect on gastrointestinal smooth muscle in vitro or in vivo. For isolated uterus, small amount of alcohol extract was excited, large amount was excited first and then inhibited, or inhibited at the beginning. The ether extract and distilled liquid of Tussilago farfara also showed antispasmodic effect on isolated rabbit small intestine.

[toxicity] intraperitoneal injection of ether extract from Tussilago farfara in mice, intravenous injection in guinea pigs and rabbits, intralymphatic injection in toads and frogs can cause convulsion and respiratory arrest. The median lethal dose of alcohol extract was 112 g / kg and that of ether extract was 43 g / kg.

[processing] Tussilago farfara: remove the residual stems, sand, stone and soil. Honeysuckle flower: take the honeysuckle flower, add some boiling water, mix well, put it in the pot, stir fry it gently until yellowish, not sticky, take it out and let it cool. (100 Jin for each winter flower, 25 Jin for refining honey)

[flavor] pungent, warm.

① Ben Jing: "it tastes pungent and warm. "

② Bielu: "sweet, nontoxic. "

③ Qiyuan of Medicine: "hard work. "

④ "Medicine Hua Yi" says: "the taste is slightly bitter and slightly pungent, and the nature is flat. "

[meridian tropism] entering lung meridian.

① Wang Haogu: "start with the Taiyin classic. "

② "Lei Gong processed medicine solution": into the heart, lung two channels. "

Functions and indications: moisten the lung and lower Qi, remove phlegm and stop coughing. It is used to treat cough, asthma and throat obstruction.

① "The main cough is against the upper Qi, good at asthma, throat obstruction, convulsion, cold and heat evil Qi. "

② Bielu: "master thirst, breathe. "

⑧ "Property theory": "it is mainly used to treat lung qi and heart, acute heat and fatigue, cough, mucus and saliva, lung flaccidity, lung carbuncle and pus. "

④ Rihuazi materia medica: "moisten the heart and lung, benefit the five zang organs, remove trouble, supplement poor labor, eliminate phlegm and stop coughing, impotence of lung, hematemesis, heart deficiency and palpitation, wash the liver, improve eyesight and stroke. "

⑤ "Warming the lung to stop coughing" in "medical Qi Yuan". "

⑥ "Ben Cao Shu": "it is also used to treat phlegm and Yin. "

⑦ "Changsha medicine solution" says: "it can reduce adverse reactions, break plastic, relieve asthma, dredge throat, wash heart and lung, and keep dry. "

[usage and dosage] oral administration: decoction, 0.5 ~ 3 yuan; boiling cream or into pills, powder.

[taboo] 1. In Ben Cao Jing Ji Zhu: "almond is the envoy. Good. Evil tile and elimination. Fear, astragalus, Celosia argentea. "

② "Chongyuan of Materia Medica": "the lung fire is burnt, and the lung qi is full, it is not available. "

③ "Fengyuan" in this classic: "Yin deficiency cough is forbidden. "

[prescription selection] ① for the treatment of sudden cough: two taels of Tussilago farfara, two taels of sanggen Baipi (file), two taels of Fritillaria (remove the heart), two taels of (stir fry, file), one cent of almond (remove the skin tip, stir fry, grind). Add seven flavors, mash and sift, take three daggers and water cups for each, fry until seven minutes, remove dross and warm up. (winter flower soup from Shengji Zonglu)

② For a long time, cough is not enough: three taels of aster, three taels of winter flower. Take three yuan for each dose, one cup of water, half for each person, and fry until six minutes. Take it three or four times a day. (Shiwan powder in shenghuifang)

③ Treatment of lung carbuncle cough and chest full of cold, pulse number, dry throat, thirst, when the muddy saliva smell, smell spit pus for a long time, such as porridge: winter flower 12.5 money (to stem), licorice 1.2 (fried), Platycodon 2.2, 1.2. Make ten doses on top and take them in water. (the flower soup in the book of sore and ulcer experience)

④ Treatment of asthma cough not already, or blood in phlegm: winter flowers, (steamed, baked). First class is divided into fine powder, honey for the ball, such as longan big. Take one pill each time. After eating, lie down and chew it carefully. Swallow it with ginger soup. It's better to hold it. (jishengfang Baihua ointment)

⑤ Zhijiusou: every time you withdraw the winter flower like a chicken, mix it with less honey to moisten it. Put it in a liter of iron bell, and drill a hole with a tile bowl. A small bamboo tube is installed in the hole. The pen tube is also available. The tube is a little longer. The place where the bowl fits and the tube is inserted is all face to face. Don't let the air leak. The charcoal falls on the bell. When it's a little, the winter smoke comes out of the tube, and the mouth contains the tube to suck it. If you feel less stuffy in your chest, you should raise your head, that is, twist your fingers on the head of the tube, so as not to leak smoke and stop smoking. If you do it once every five days, you will have a good meal after six days. (Cui Zhiti)

⑥ Long cough does not heal. In the morning, draw a small group of winter flowers, mix a little honey, put them in a pot to burn cigarettes, leave a memory in case of lack of pot, let the smoke come out, and swallow it by mouth. So five days, to the sixth day, eat a meal of mutton bun, and then recovered.

⑦ Chancre in the mouth. With the money Donghua, Coptis, etc., divided into the end, to saliva into cakes, line Qiang snake bed fried soup gargle comrades will cake applied to the affected area.

[clinical application] 1

Alcohol extract was made from Tussilago farfara, 5 ml each time (equivalent to 2 yuan of crude drug), 3 times a day. 36 cases were observed, including 21 cases of bronchial asthma and 15 cases of asthmatic bronchitis complicated with emphysema. Results 8 cases were markedly effective (asthma and cough were relieved within 1-2 days after taking the medicine, and the maximum mid expiratory flow rate was significantly improved), 19 cases were improved (asthma and cough were relieved after taking the medicine for more than 3 days, or were relieved but not recovered for a long time), and 9 cases were ineffective. According to the observation, the alcohol extract of Tussilago farfara has the effect of relieving asthma, but the effect is weak, and the long-term effect is not ideal. In the course of treatment, the most common response was to

Chinese PinYin : Kuan Dong Hua