Forsythia suspensa

Chinese Name: Forsythia suspensa

[category] Fructus Forsythiae

[synonyms] hanlianzi (theory of medicinal properties), daqiaozi (Tang materia medica), empty shell (records of traditional Chinese Medicine).

[source] it is the fruit of Forsythia suspensa.

[plant morphology] Forsythia suspensa, also known as Lianqiao and Yiqiao (Erya), Lanhua, Cuan, Zhegan and Sanlian (Ben Jing), Liancao (Guo Pu's note to Erya), Daqiao (Tang Ben Cao), huanghuagan, huangshoudan, huanghuaban, Luoqiao and huanghuatiao.

Deciduous shrub, 2-4m high. The branchlets are developed or elongated, slightly tendentious, often rooting on the ground, the branchlets are slightly tetragonal, the internodes are hollow, and only the nodes have solid pith. The leaf blade is ovate, long ovate, broadly ovate or even round, 3-7 cm long and 2-4 cm wide, apex acuminate, acute or obtuse. Base broadly cuneate or rounded, margin irregularly serrate; semileathery. The first leaf of flower is open, axillary, ca. 2.5 cm long; calyx 4-lobed, elliptic; corolla base tubular, upper 4-lobed, lobes ovate. Golden yellow, usually with orange stripes; stamen 2, inserted at the base of corolla; pistil 1, ovary ovoid, style slender, stigma 2-lobed. Capsule narrowly ovate, slightly flat, ca. 15 cm long, apex with short beak, 2-valved at maturity. Seeds numerous, brown, narrowly elliptic, flat, with thin wings on one side. The flowering period is from March to May. The fruit period is from July to August.

Most of them grow in the mountains and slopes, and are also cultivated in various places. Distributed in Liaoning, Hebei, Henan, Shandong, Jiangsu, Hubei, Jiangxi, Yunnan, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Gansu and other places.

The roots (Forsythia suspense roots) and stems and leaves (Forsythia suspense stems and leaves) of this plant are also used for medicine. Please refer to the special section for details.

[collection] the fruits are harvested when they are first ripe or fully ripe. The first ripe fruit is steamed and dried in the sun, which is still green, and the commodity is called "Qingqiao"; the ripe fruit is dried in the sun after being picked to remove seeds and impurities. Its seed is called "Forsythia heart".

[medicinal material] the dried fruit is oval, 1.5-2 cm long and 0.6-1 cm in diameter. Apex acute, base petiolate, or exfoliated. There are irregular longitudinal wrinkles and most raised small spots on the surface, and there is an obvious longitudinal groove on both sides. Forsythia suspensa is mostly uncracked, greenish brown, with few gray white spots raised on the surface, many seeds, slender, winged on one side, yellowish green. The surface is yellowish brown or reddish brown, the inner surface is light yellowish brown, the seeds are brown, and most of them have fallen off. It is slightly fragrant and bitter. The color of green Forsythia is better than that of old forsythia, and the color of green Forsythia is better than that of old forsythia.

It is mainly produced in Shanxi, Henan, Shaanxi and Shandong. In addition, it is also produced in Hubei, Hebei, Sichuan and Gansu.

[chemical constituents] Fructus Forsythiae contains phillyrin, sterols, saponins (non hemolytic), flavonol glycosides and resinol glycosides. The pericarp contains oleanolic acid. The content of saponin and alkaloid in Fructus Forsythiae was 4.89% and 0.2%, respectively.

[pharmacological action] 1

The concentrated decoction of Forsythia suspensa has antibacterial effect in vitro. It can inhibit typhoid bacillus, paratyphoid bacillus, Escherichia coli, dysentery bacillus, Diphtheria Bacillus, Vibrio cholerae, Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, etc. The antibacterial effect of Forsythia suspensa in vitro is similar to that of honeysuckle, and it is the main antibacterial component of Yinqiao Powder. The inhibitory effect of Flos Lonicerae on Salmonella, especially Salmonella typhi and Streptococcus haemolyticus seems to exceed that of forsythia, while Forsythia seems to have better inhibitory effect on Shigella dysenteriae and Staphylococcus aureus. There was no synergistic effect in vitro when they were used together. The antibacterial effect of the compound with Coptis and Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi was stronger than that of Forsythia suspensa. In vitro, the inhibitory concentration of forsythiol to Staphylococcus aureus was 1:5120, to Shigella dysenteriae was 1:1280, to diphtheria and paratyphoid (a) was 1:640, which may be the antibacterial active ingredient. Flower has a certain effect on experimental tuberculosis in mice, but no effect on guinea pigs. In addition, its anti tuberculosis effect in vitro and clinic was also reported. The ethanol extract of Forsythia suspensa has the effect of anti Leptospira in vitro, which is not as strong as Coptis chinensis, litchi grass, honeysuckle and Scutellaria baicalensis, but similar to Phellodendron amurense and flea root. Forsythia suspensa aqueous extract (1:5) had some inhibitory effect on Nocardia stellata in vitro. The ethanol and acetone extracts from Korean forsythia fruit and the resin from F. intermedia have antifungal effects.

② Other functions

Forsythia suspense can inhibit the emetic effect of digitalis on pigeons by intravenous injection, reduce the frequency of vomiting, but do not change the latency of vomiting. Its antiemetic effect is similar to that of chlorpromazine injection two hours later. It can also inhibit the vomiting induced by subcutaneous injection of apomorphine in dogs, so it is speculated that its antiemetic mechanism may be to inhibit the emetic chemosensory area of the medulla oblongata. The pericarp of Forsythia suspensa contains oleanolic acid (also known as oleanolic acid), so it has cardiotonic and diuretic effects.

[processing] clean the impurities, rub them open and remove the branches.

Bitter and cool.

① Ben Jing: "it tastes bitter and flat. "

② Bielu: "non toxic. "

③ "The secret of indications" says that the nature is cool and the taste is bitter. "

④ "The compendium of works": "slightly bitter and pungent. "

[Guijing] into the heart, liver and gallbladder channels.

① "Tang Ye Ben Cao": "hand foot Shaoyang, Yang Ming Jing. "

② Compendium: "Shaoyin heart meridian and Jueyin envelope Qi.". "

③ "Lei Gong processed medicine solution": into the heart, liver, gallbladder, stomach, Sanjiao, large intestine six channels. "

Functions and indications: clearing away heat, detoxifying, dispersing knots and detumescence. It is used to treat warm heat, erysipelas, rashes, carbuncle and ulcer, swelling and toxin, scrofula, and urinary incontinence.

① "Ben Jing": "it can control cold and heat, rat flaccidity, scrofula, carbuncle, malignant sores, gall tumor and heat accumulation. "

② Bielu: "get rid of the white insects. "

③ "Theory of medicinal properties": "the main channel is five Lin, urine is blocked, in addition to the heart home guest heat. "

④ Rihuazi materia medica: "it can clear the small intestine and discharge pus. It can cure sore and furuncle, relieve pain and pass menstruation. "

⑤ Li Gao: "disperse all meridians and blood, gather Qi, and reduce swelling. "

⑥ Wang Haogu: "cure deafness and muddle?"??. "

[usage and dosage] oral administration: decoction, 3-5 Qian; or into the pill, powder. External use: wash with boiling water.

[should avoid] spleen and stomach weakness, Qi deficiency fever, carbuncle has ulcerated, pus thin color light avoid taking.

① According to the classic of Materia Medica, "don't take it when carbuncle and gangrene are broken. Don't take it when great heat is deficient. Don't take it when spleen and stomach are weak and easy to discharge. "

② "Materia medica tongxuan" says: "if you take it for a long time, you will suffer from cold. "

[prescription selection] 1. For the treatment of taiyinfengwen, Wenre, Wenbing, Dongwen, the first to rise but not averse to cold and thirsty: Forsythia suspense, Yinhua, kuplatycodon grandiflorum, mint, bamboo leaf, raw licorice, mustard, light Douchi and burdock. Pestle for powder, each six money, fresh reed root soup fried, aroma, that is, take service, do not overcooke. For those who are seriously ill, they should be taken at about two o'clock, three times a day and one night; for those who are mild, they should be taken at three o'clock, three times a day and one night; for those who do not understand the disease, they should be taken again. (Yinqiao Powder in differentiation of epidemic febrile diseases)

② Treatment of children all heat: Forsythia, Fangfeng, licorice (fried), gardenia each equal. For the end of the pound Luo, each serving two money, a cup of water, fried seven points, to the dross warm clothes. (Lianqiao drink in Lei Zheng huoren Shu)

③ Treatment of red Youdu: Forsythia, decoction drink. (Yuqiao medical order)

④ Treatment of breast carbuncle, breast: Forsythia, male rat excrement, dandelion, Fritillaria each two money. Take it in water. (Yuqiao medical order)

⑤ Treatment of tuberculosis: Forsythia, Guijianyu, Qumai, licorice (fried) each equal. For the fine end, each serving two money, pro lying rice swill tune down. (Lianqiao powder in Yang's family collection)

⑥ Treatment of tongue ulcers: Forsythia five money, Phellodendron three money, licorice two money. Gargle with water. (Yuqiao medical order)

[clinical application] ① treatment of acute nephritis

Take Forsythia 6 money, add water and simmer to 150 ml, three times before taking food, children reduce. According to the need of the disease, take 5-10 days, avoid spicy and salt. The blood pressure was between 140-200 / 96-110 mmHg. The urine test showed protein, granular tube type, red blood cell and white blood cell. After treatment, 6 cases of edema subsided, 2 cases improved significantly; blood pressure decreased significantly; urine test turned negative in 6 cases, 2 cases improved.

② Treatment of purpura

Take Forsythia 6 money, add water and simmer into 150 ml, three times before eating, avoid spicy. One case of thrombocytopenic hemorrhagic purpura and two cases of allergic purpura were treated. After 2-7 days of treatment, all the skin purplish paralysis subsided. The effect of Forsythia suspensa on this disease may be related to its high content of rutin, which can maintain the normal resistance of capillaries and reduce the fragility and permeability of capillaries; in addition, Forsythia suspensa seems to have desensitization effect.

③ Treatment of lung abscess

Forsythia will be made into injection, 1 g Forsythia per ml. Tracheal instillation combined with intramuscular injection was used. Tracheal instillation is usually 6-10 ml, once a day; once every other day after symptoms improve; twice a week after atrophy or closure. According to the statistics of 18 cases, the average treatment time was 12 days, the average time of tracheal instillation was 26.8 times, the most was 50 times.

④ Treatment of retinal hemorrhage

Forsythia suspensa 6-7 money, simmer water, three times before eating, 2 cases of retinal macular hemorrhage, 20-27 days after taking medicine, were significantly absorbed, vision improved.

Chinese PinYin : Lian Qiao