Xu maoyong

Xu maoyong

Xu maoyong (January 15, 1911 - February 7, 1977), formerly known as Xu Maorong, was in charge of Shangyu, Zhejiang Province. He took part in the great revolution in his early years. Later, I went to Shanghai and met Lu Xun. In 1933, he joined the left wing writers League of China and served as a member of the Standing Committee, Minister of propaganda and secretary. In 1938, he went to Yan'an and joined the Communist Party of China in the same year. Later, he served as the chief of the political and educational section of the Anti Japanese military and Political University, the director of the Shanxi Shandong Hebei Henan border region literary and Art Federation, and the president of jizare Liaoning United University. After the founding of the people's Republic of China, he served as secretary of the Party committee and vice president of Wuhan University, Vice Minister of the Ministry of culture and education of Central South China. In 1957, he was wrongly classified as a rightist. His works include miscellaneous works of Xu maoyong, Memoirs of Xu maoyong, etc.

Life of the characters

Xu maoyong (January 15, 1911 - February 7, 1977), formerly known as Xu Maorong, was born in Shangyu, Zhejiang Province. He was poor when he was young and dropped out of high school. In 1926, he took part in the first great revolution. Later, he fled to Shanghai for being wanted by the government and was admitted to the National Labor University. In 1930, after graduation, Xu maoyong went to Zhejiang Linhai Huipu middle school to teach, and began to translate the biography of Tolstoy and some literary works written by French Roman Roland. He translated the biography of Tolstoy in 1932. In the summer of 1933, he began to write essays and contributed to Shenbao · free talk. His prose style is sharp, exposing the shortcomings of the times and criticizing the society. He is famous as a "essayist" for his style is similar to Lu Xun. In 1934, he joined the left wing League in Shanghai, and in 1935, he published a collection of miscellaneous works, for which Lu Xun wrote a preface. In the same year, he translated the progressive works of Japan, the Soviet Union and other countries. In 1936, he wrote a letter to Lu Xun because of the dissolution of the left wing League. Lu Xun published a reply to Xu maoyong's question about the anti united front line to refute it. In 1938, he went to Yan'an and joined the Communist Party of China. Later, he served as a teacher of the Anti Japanese university and vice president of jizhareliao United University. After 1949, he successively served as vice president of Wuhan University, Vice Minister of Central South Ministry of culture and Ministry of education, and researcher of Institute of philosophy, Chinese Academy of Sciences. From 1956 to 1957, he wrote more than 100 essays, which were collected as a new collection of miscellaneous articles. These essays are still in the style of the 1930s. In 1957, he was wrongly classified as a rightist and then corrected. On February 7, 1977, with 10 days to go before the Spring Festival, he went through a difficult and bumpy life with deep love and regret.

Personal biography

In December 1910, Xu maoyong was born into a poor family in Fangshan village of Xiaguan. His father was a sincere screen maker, and his mother was a kind-hearted woman. Xu maoyong was smart and studious when he was a child. He entered Fangshan primary school at the age of 5. The May 4th Movement and the new culture movement had a great influence on his later life. After graduating from primary school, he expected to continue to study, but his father refused. The reason is very simple: his family is difficult. You know, because of poverty, their parents sent three of Xu maoyong's six siblings to the nursery. But when he was doing business with his father, he never threw away his books. He had a Book of 300 Tang poems beside him, singing and remembering as he walked. At the same time, he also enjoyed the natural scenery along the way from time to time, in order to appreciate and confirm the artistic conception of Tang poetry. Sleeping in the inn with my father at night, "after eating and washing my feet, I naturally take out my books to read.". Not only that, he often borrows books from others to read, and is known as "the beggar of the intellectual world".

At the beginning of 1923, a new Luxi primary school was set up in charge of zhenwufang. Xu Yongbin, Xu maoyong's former teacher and principal of Luxi primary school, highly appreciated his knowledge and talent and invited him to teach in the school. Xu maoyong, then 14, was known as "child prodigy" and "little gentleman". After four years, he worked as a teacher in Min Lu primary school.

In 1925, a group of progressive teachers in Shangyu organized the Youth Association. It was also in this year that Hu Yuzhi, a famous figure in the cultural circle, set up Shangyu's first newspaper, Shangyu sound. Xu maoyong, like a fish in water, had a place to play. He published articles in newspapers and got Hu Yuzhi's help many times. The following year, under the influence of Ye Tiandi, Secretary of the Shangyu independent branch of the CPC, Xu maoyong began to participate in revolutionary activities. He has read the Communist Manifesto, Communist ABC, the debate on literature and art between the Soviet Union and Russia, the guide, Chinese youth and other publications, and learned some basic knowledge of Marxism and the revolutionary principles of nationalism against imperialism and feudalism. After Chiang Kai Shek's "April 12" counter revolutionary coup, he went to Cixi to work and secretly published the Shangyu "pomegranate society" magazine "pomegranate newspaper". Later, he was wanted by the Kuomintang and was forced to stay in Shanghai.

When he came to Shanghai, Xu maoyong changed his name to Yu gongzhi and studied in the Middle School Department of Labor University. In three years, he learned French, Japanese, English and Russian. In 1930, after graduation, Xu maoyong returned to Zhejiang Linhai Huipu middle school as a teacher and began to translate the biography of Tolstoy and some literary works written by French Roman Roland.

At this time, the left-wing cultural movement in Shanghai was in the ascendant and was in full swing. Under the banner of Lu Xun, a large number of Chinese cultural elites gathered. They took advantage of the unique regional political environment of Shanghai, used literature as a spear and dagger, fiercely attacked the reactionary government of the Kuomintang, and called for progress and justice, forming an extraordinary cultural scene. Xu maoyong, who just arrived in Shanghai, clearly felt a warm atmosphere. He couldn't restrain his inner joy and was eager to try.

For Xu maoyong, a newcomer, it's not easy for him to integrate into and be recognized by Shanghai! He met with a rebuff: the translated biography of Tolstoy was sent to Liming publishing house, commercial press and Zhonghua Publishing House respectively, but they were all returned. He translated Gorky's novel autumn night in French. He confidently sent the translation to Hu Yuzhi's Oriental Magazine, but when he came back, the news was that "someone had already translated and published it.". One after another, Xu maoyong's enthusiasm plummeted. Fortunately, Hu Yuzhi, a native of Japan, was moved by his perseverance and hard work. He introduced Yamakawa's "speech on socialism" to him for translation. After the translation was published, Xu maoyong managed to gain a foothold in Shanghai with a large amount of revenue.

It is Shen Bao's supplement free talk that makes Xu maoyong fully publicize his talent and make him enter the literary world of Shanghai in a real sense. At that time, Xu maoyong often read "free talk" and especially loved Lu Xun's essays. Unconsciously, inspired by Lu Xun's style, he took up his pen to imitate Lu Xun's writing style and wrote two essays, questioning "on art" and "young people's heart", to try "free talk". The two articles were published soon. Soon after, Li Liewen, the editor in chief, took the initiative to write a letter to Xu maoyong, saying that such an article is very necessary, and he hopes to write it again. Since then, Xu maoyong and essays formed an indissoluble bond, and came to the fore. Naturally, Xu maoyong and his essays also began to receive Lu Xun's attention.

Good things finally follow. The essays here are all in vain, and the translation of Tolstoy is officially published by Huatong book company. When he got the translation, Xu maoyong's first reflex was to send a copy to Lu Xun as soon as possible. One day in November 1932, it was the first time that he wrote a letter to Mr. Lu Xun, which was also the beginning of his enmity with Mr. Lu Xun. Mr. Lu Xun, who received books and letters as gifts and had always been enthusiastic about helping new writers, replied that night. Since then, Xu maoyong began to have frequent correspondence with Lu Xun.

Xu maoyong's essays are really good, which is not only because he has long been fond of Lu Xun, but also because of his own accumulation of knowledge, ideological tension and writing skills. Learning from Lu Xun, Xu maoyong's essays are so similar to Lu Xun's style that many people mistakenly think that they are Lu Xun's works. In the new year of 1934, Li Liewen invited 10 contributors to a dinner party, including Lu Xun, Yu Dafu, Cao Juren, Chen Zizhan and Lin Yutang There is also Xu maoyong. Lin Yutang arrived late. By that time, everyone was already seated. After he sat down, he began to talk to Mr. Lu Xun. He said, "Mr. Zhou has a new pseudonym, right? Because Mr. Lu Xun's pseudonym was often changed at that time. Lu Xun asked: why? Lin Yutang said: I think there is a new Xu maoyong, who is also you. Lu Xun laughed, pointed to Xu maoyong and said: you didn't guess right this time, Xu maoyong's own is here. Everyone laughed, too.

Due to Li Liewen's intentional arrangement, Xu maoyong was able to meet Lu Xun and left a deep impression on each other. It is no doubt that Xu maoyong's essays and his translations have aroused great concern of the left wing writers' League of China in Shanghai. In the spring of 1934, the left wing League appointed Ren Baige, then propaganda minister, to talk to him and introduced Xu maoyong to the left wing League. Because Lu Xun led the leftist League, Xu maoyong was very excited. Soon after, Xu maoyong was elected to the Standing Committee of the "left wing Federation" as the Minister of propaganda. In the spring of the next year, Tian Han and Yang Hansheng, the leading members of the left wing League, were arrested, and Ren Baige's identity was exposed, so he was forced to go to Japan. Xu maoyong, 23, served as the Secretary of the left wing League. Because of his position, Xu maoyong often had the opportunity to report to Lu Xun about the work of the "left wing League", while Lu Xun still cared for this diligent and lovely young man. Lu Xun once bluntly said: "there are many" left wing "writers, who only" left "but rarely" write ". They are short writers, and you translate at least one book every year, and you write a lot of articles." In March 1935, when Xu maoyong invited Lu Xun to write a preface to his miscellaneous works

Chinese PinYin : Xu Mao Yong