Niu Gao

Niu Gao

Niu Gao (1087-1147), whose name is Boyuan, was born in Lushan, Ruzhou (now Lushan County, Henan Province). He was a famous general and national hero in the Southern Song Dynasty. Niu Gao was born in a peasant family. He was a Archer at the beginning. He practiced martial arts and was good at riding and shooting. In the early years of the Southern Song Dynasty, people gathered to fight against Jin. Shaoxing three years (1133), joined the Yuejia army, Changsheng army. Niugao uses double maces, which are made of gold. Later, he was subordinate to Yue Fei, who made great contributions to the war against Jin. He participated in the suppression of Yang Yao's uprising. After Yue Fei was killed, he was killed by Qin Hui because he was always against the peace negotiation between song and Jin.

Life of the characters

Hunting to support the family

There are few records about Niu Gao's experience before he joined the army.

At that time, shibeigou village in Lushan County, where niugao was located, was located in deep mountains and forests, with closed traffic and few people. Before joining the army, Niu Gao made a living by selling firewood and depended on his mother, wife and children. Niu Gao is as strong as an ox, and he is still walking like a flying horse when carrying a load of more than 500 kg. Every time he went up the mountain to cut firewood, he would cut a strong tree to make a pole, and then he would carry more than 500 kilograms of firewood into Lushan County to sell.

It seems that selling firewood alone can hardly meet the daily expenses of the family. At this time, Niu Gao thought of playing his shooting skills. Niu Gao has been fond of catapult and archery since he was a child. With constant practice, his hunting skills have greatly improved, almost hitting a hundred goals, and no arrow is shot in vain. There are many birds in shibeigou village, which gives Niu Gao a chance to show his shooting skills. Every time he went to the city to sell firewood, Niu Gao would take some wild rabbits, pheasants and other prey with him. What's more, in the hard work day after day, Niu Gao not only developed a strong body, but also developed his shooting skills to a perfect level, which virtually made some preparations for his later struggle against gold.

Join the army of Yue family

Because of his contributions to the anti Jin campaign organized by his hometown, Niu Gao was promoted to the Western way and the CAI, Tang and Xin army. In the third year of Shaoxing (1133), Yue Fei took charge of the military affairs of Jiangxi and Hubei, and decided to march into the Central Plains by Xianghan and recover the lost land. Niu Gao went to Lin'an (now Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province) to meet Zhao Gou, Emperor Gaozong of the Song Dynasty. He insisted that Liu Yu would be defeated and the Central Plains could be restored. Zhao Gou put Niu Gao's headquarters under the command of Yue Fei, and Niu Gao joined the Yue army.

In fact, before Niu Gao joined the Yue army, they had a lot of contacts and deep friendship. Niu Gao was older than Yue Fei, and he had outstanding military achievements, so he was respected by Yue Fei. Since then, Niu Gao has been the deputy commander of Yuejiajun. Yueniu and yueniu fought side by side and wrote a history of fighting against Jin Dynasty. Yue Fei was very glad to see Niu Gao. He ordered Niu Gao to be the pacifier of Tang, Deng, Xiang and Ying, and later served as the commander of central China.

Capture Wang song alive

In the fourth year of Shaoxing (1134), Li Cheng, the general of the puppet Qi, colluded with the Jin soldiers to invade and conquer the six counties of Xiangyang. Wang song, the general of the puppet Qi, occupied Suizhou, and Yue Fei sent Niu Gao to fight. Niu Gao captured Wang song alive, captured 5000 enemies and recovered Xiangyang in less than three days. When Jin Bing attacked Huaixi, Yue Fei ordered Niu Gao to cross the river first to meet the enemy. The puppet Qi sent 5000 cavalry to attack Luzhou (now Hefei City, Anhui Province). Niugao came out and the enemy was defeated without fighting. Niu Gao took advantage of his victory and pursued for more than 30 Li, killing more than half of the enemy and beheading his deputy general, such as Dutong.

Catch Yang Yao alive

In the fifth year of Shaoxing (1135), Niu Gao followed Yue Fei to fight against Yang mo. Yang Yao was defeated and attempted to commit suicide by drowning. He was captured by Niu Gao.

In the 10th year of Shaoxing (1140), Yue Fei marched into the Central Plains, and Niu Gao was ordered to attack the western part of Beijing, reaching the coast of the Yellow River. Niu Gao experienced many battles in his life, and made many achievements.

carry the world before one

In the 10th year of Shaoxing (1140), the Jin people broke the treaty and Niu Gao followed Yue Fei into the Central Plains. Under the command of Yue Fei, Niu Gao led his troops to the Yellow River. In the many battles against Xuchang and Bianjing, Niu Gao made great contributions to the recovery of the lost land in the Central Plains. Because of the greatest contribution, Niu Gao was promoted to the commander of tianwu sixiandu and Chengde Chengxuan The Privy Council took charge of all affairs with Niu Gao. After Xuanfu was abolished, niugao was changed to the control of the left army of Ezhou garrison in Zha. He was promoted to the deputy general manager of Mabu army in zhendingfu Road, and transferred to Chengxuan envoy of Ningguo army and deputy general manager of Mabu army in Jinghu South Road.

Died of poisoning

As for the death of Niu Gao, it is recorded in historical materials that Qin Hui was very afraid of Niu Gao after he killed Yue Fei. On the third day of March in the 17th year of Shaoxing (1147), Qin Hui commanded Tian Shizhong and killed Niu Gao with poisonous wine in the name of entertaining all the generals. Before his death, Niu Gao said bitterly: "Niu Gao was 61 years old (nominal age). It's enough for him to be an official and a servant. What I hate is the harmony between the north and the south, so that I can't die with a corpse wrapped around my back. I just die under the eaves!"

After his death, Niu Gao's body was buried in the Ziyun Cave entrance of Jianmen pass, qixialing, West Lake, Hangzhou, facing Yue Fei's tomb from afar. A stone tablet was erected in front of the tomb, with the inscription of "the tomb of niugao, marquis Fuwen of Song Dynasty". Out of admiration for Niu Gao's reputation, there has been an endless stream of people coming to his grave to mourn and worship for nearly a thousand years.

Tomb site

cemetery

The original Tomb of niugao was abandoned in 1955, rebuilt in 1983 and rebuilt in 1987. The tomb is located at the entrance of Ziyun Cave, JIANMENGUAN, qixialing, West Lake, Hangzhou. It faces east in the West and has a round vault with stone under it and grass on it. It is 3.5m in diameter and 1.8m in height. The outer circle short wall is close to the mountain and road. In front of the tomb stands the stone tablet of "the tomb of niugao, marquis Fuwen of Song Dynasty", and two pillars and a stone square are built in front of the passage. The tombstone and stone square were rebuilt.

Volume 9 of Xihu Xinzhi records: "the tomb of Hou niugao in Song Fu Wen is newly built in the south of Ziyun Cave in Jianmen mountain."

Niugao tomb was rebuilt in 1875 and destroyed in the cultural revolution.

details

The present tomb was rebuilt in 1983. The tomb, facing east in the west, is a circular ring seat with a plane diameter of 3.5 meters and a height of 1.8 meters. The tomb ring is built with stone bars and sealed with earth in the shape of steamed bread.

There is a semicircular Huilong wall at the back and two sides of the tomb. On the right side of the wall is the monument of rebuilding the tomb of Fuwen houniu in the autumn and August of the first year of Guangxu in the Qing Dynasty. In front of the tomb, there is a 13.7-meter-long and 3-meter-wide passage, and a 4-meter-high stone archway. On the pillars of the archway is engraved with a couplet written by Xu Wei of the Ming Dynasty, which reads: "the general's integrity is high through the ages, and the king of Hubei is accompanied by the heroic wind of the world.". The whole cemetery is covered with bamboo, simple and dignified, and is far away from Yuefen.

Yiguanzhong

In order to commemorate niugao, there is a tomb for niugao in Lushan County, Henan Province.

After Niu Gao's death, his hometown built a burial mound for him and built a monument for him. At that time, in order to prevent tomb theft, the tomb builders did not clearly mark the specific location of the tomb, but planted two bodhi trees on the far sides of the tomb. Unfortunately, the stone tablet was later pulled away to build the bridge, and two old bodhi trees were cut down in the late 1950s.

Shibeigou village basically has no remains about niugao, which makes Zhang Fuying and other villagers deeply regret. But when it comes to Niu Gao's bravery and loyalty, the villagers can't hide their pride. The villagers hope that the superior cultural and cultural relics department can pay attention to it, collect relevant historical materials and cultural relics, and build niugao Memorial facilities in shibeigou village, so that future generations can remember it.

Character evaluation

History of the Song Dynasty: "Zhang Xian and other five people are all Yuefei's generals. They are feared by the enemy, and they are also outstanding for a while. However, they either died in battle or in anger, but Xian didn't prove that they were unjustly killed in Feiyu. They are sad for their husband!"

Influence of later generations

There is the image of Niu Gao among the door gods in Henan Province. He uses weapons as double whip, which means great fortune and great life.

Artistic image

Literary image

In the novel Shuo Yue Quan Zhuan written by Qian Cai in the Qing Dynasty, Niu Gao is the reincarnation of Zhao Gongming and a black tiger. His ancestral home is Shaanxi. He makes a pair of iron maces and becomes brothers with Yue Fei and others. He entered Biyun mountain by mistake when he was on the expedition to Dongting Lake. He had to wear a cloud arrow and a wave to capture Yang Yao.

After Yue Fei's death, he assisted Yue Lei in collecting gold and helped the army to turn the bad into the good again and again. Finally, he broke through the Wulong formation and rode on Jin Wushu's back. He made Jin Wushu angry to death. He also died laughing and returned to heaven. In the novel, it is called "riding on the back of a dragon, fighting with anger, killing Niu Gao with laughter".

Niu Gao is one of the characters in the book. He is the most rebellious, innocent and lovely. Recklessness does not lose intelligence, irritability does not lose humor.

The Folktale "Niu Gao asks the way": Niu Gao asks the way to an old man, who yells at him immediately: "up, old man! I ask you, "where is the school yard?" Instead of giving him directions, the old man angrily called him a "reckless ghost". After a while, Yue Fei also came here. He dismounted from the stirrup first, and then came forward to salute: "excuse me, father-in-law, did you ever see a black horse rider? Which way did he go? " Seeing that Yue Fei was very polite, the old man patiently showed him the way. Selected into the fifth grade Chinese textbook of Jiangsu Education Press.

Image of Peking Opera

Niu Gao's face is grey face with three tile faces, bird's eye socket with thin eyebrows, symbolizing tact, and wide nose socket indicating vigor and power. He wore a scarf and helmet, black beard and black ear hair, and a hard back. Red tassels flutter under the helmet ears, which makes the shape more vivid.

Film and television image

1988 TV series "eight thousand miles of cloud and moon": Lu Yilong as Niu Gao;

In 1994, Han Yisheng played Niu Gao;

2013 TV series "loyal Yue Fei": Kang Kai plays Niu Gao.

Chinese PinYin : Niu Gao