Gao Shuxun

Gao Shuxun

Gao Shuxun (1898-1972), named Jianhou, was born in gaojinzhuang, Yanshan County, Hebei Province on August 6, 1898. There are seven brothers and sisters. Among the three brothers, he ranks second. Famous patriotic general. He was born in the army. Because of his bravery, he was promoted from a soldier to a division commander. Because of the opposition to the civil war, he led the army to revolt on the front line of Handan in late October 1945 and joined the Communist Party of China in 1946.

He is a famous patriotic general from Yanshan County, Cangzhou City, Hebei Province. He was born in the army. Because of his bravery, he was promoted from a soldier to a division commander. During the "encirclement and suppression" of the Kuomintang army against the Soviet Area, he began to know the Communist Party of China, resolutely separated from the Kuomintang army and lived in Tianjin. After the victory of the Anti Japanese War, he served as commander of the new Eighth Army and deputy commander of the 11th theater. Because of opposing the civil war, he led the army to revolt on the front line of Handan in October 1945 and joined the Communist Party of China in 1946. The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China called on the Kuomintang troops to take Gao Shuxun's troops as an example, oppose the civil war, advocate peace, and hold uprisings on the battlefield of the civil war, which accelerated the process of victory in the war of liberation.

Character experience

When he was 8 years old, he went to a private school and studied for 4 years. He went back to his hometown to work in agriculture.

In 1914, he became an apprentice in Tianjin, Beijing and other places. Later, he went to his uncle who worked as a soldier in Feng Yuxiang's department in Mianyang, Sichuan.

In 1917, Feng Yuxiang led the officers and men of the 16th mixed brigade to fight against the enemy. Gao Shuxun was promoted to the monitor of Feng Yuxiang's pistol company because of his bravery.

In 1918, Feng Yuxiang electrified the whole country in Wuxue, an important town in Eastern Hubei, and opposed Duan Qirui. Duan Qirui asked Feng Yuxiang to negotiate in Hankou. Gao Shuxun led his pistol squad to Hankou with Feng Yuxiang. He served as Feng Yuxiang's personal guard and finally made Feng Yuxiang return safely.

Feng Yuxiang sent him to the military camp to learn surveying and mapping, military drill and shooting knowledge. After graduation, he was appointed commander of machine gun battalion. In 1920, Gao Shuxun was promoted to platoon leader and joined Christianity under the influence of Feng Yuxiang.

In September 1924, the second Zhifeng war broke out, and Gao Shuxun was promoted to the commander of the machine gun battalion. In August 1925, he was promoted to the rank of commander of the army. On September 17, 1926, Feng Yuxiang made an oath in Wuyuan, announcing that the whole army would join the Kuomintang, and Gao Shuxun became a member of the national party. Since then, with Feng Yuxiang, he has been promoted all the way to the position of acting governor of Qinghai Province.

In 1930, the northwest army was defeated in the Central Plains war. Gao Shuxun's army was reduced to 27 divisions, and was included in sun Lianzhong's 27 Route Army to join Chiang Kai Shek.

In 1931, he took part in the Kuomintang's second and third "encirclement and suppression" of the Central Soviet Area and was defeated by the Red Army.

In May 1933, general Feng Yuxiang organized the Anti Japanese Alliance Army in Zhangjiakou, and Gao Shuxun became the cavalry division commander of the Department. After the outbreak of the Anti Japanese War, Gao Shuxun became deputy director of the Security Department of Hebei Province. It was not until the Hebei provincial security forces were reorganized into the new 6th Division of the national revolutionary army.

On February 19, 1938, the Japanese army occupied Xinxiang City. According to the instruction of the KMT's supreme headquarters not to allow Gao to cross the Yellow River to the south, Gao Shuxun's new Eighth Army under the command of the headquarters alternately covered and retreated in a planned, step-by-step and purposeful way.

In April 1940, Shi Yousan was devastated by the Eighth Route Army in the battle in Southern Hebei, so he turned to the Japanese army, signed a non aggression agreement with the Japanese garrison commander Sasaki in Kaifeng, and prepared to surrender to the Japanese army after the joint elimination of the Eighth Route Army. Gao Shuxun, Shi's sworn brother and subordinate, did not want to be a traitor, so he plotted to assassinate Shi Yousan. Shi Yousan led the cavalry of company 1 to liuxiatun, Puyang, Henan Province. Gao Shuxun led officers above brigade commander to welcome them into the conference room. They talked and talked about the past. After a while, an orderly came in and said to Gao Shuxun, "madam, if you have something to ask me.". Gao Shuxun left the room. Suddenly, four guards entered the meeting room and took Shi Yousan away. That night, Gao Shuxun ordered his soldiers to bury Shi Yousan alive on the Bank of the Yellow River.

From September to October 1945, the Kuomintang launched the Shangdang campaign and the pinghan campaign (also known as the Handan campaign) to attack the liberated areas. At the same time, Liu Bocheng and Deng Xiaoping launched a political offensive to secretly fight for Gao Shuxun's uprising. Gao Shuxun expressed his dissatisfaction and disgust with Chiang Kai Shek's actions of repelling dissidents and provoking civil war within the Kuomintang army.

In the first ten days of September 1945, Gao Shuxun sent people to the front-line headquarters of Shangdang campaign to meet Liu Bocheng and Deng Xiaoping to discuss peace. In October of the same year, sun Lianzhong led Gao Shuxun, Ma Fawu and Lu Chongzhi to the north along pinghan road. When the army came to Handan and Cixian, it was surrounded and blocked by our army, and our army launched the pinghan campaign. Li Da, chief of staff of our military region, ventured through the line of fire and personally went to Gao Shuxun's barracks for an interview. Gao Shuxun was very moved and finally made up his mind to revolt. On October 30, Gao Shuxun led more than 10000 people of the new 8th Army and Hebei People's army to formally declare an uprising in Matou Town, and issued the "uprising declaration of stopping civil war and uniting the nation building" to the whole country by means of electricity, declaring that they would leave the Kuomintang camp. After the uprising led by Gao Shuxun, the enemy was greatly shocked and lost the confidence to defend. Liu Bocheng transferred the main force of the people's Liberation Army to both sides of the enemy's retreat road to the north of Zhanghe. In the campaign, he annihilated two armies of sun Lianzhong's army, totaling more than 23000 people, captured senior generals such as Ma Fawu, commander of the 40th army, and Liu Shirong, deputy commander of the 40th army, and won the pinghan campaign.

On November 2, 1945, Chairman Mao Zedong and commander in chief Zhu De sent a congratulatory message to Gao Shuxun. On November 10, the uprising forces were renamed the Democratic National Army. The Central Military Commission of the Communist Party of China appointed Gao Shuxun as commander in chief of the Democratic founding army, Wang Dingnan as director of the General Political Department, fan Longzhang as commander in chief of the first army, and Qiao Mingli as commander in chief of the second army. Gao Shuxun, introduced by Deng Xiaoping and Bo Yibo, joined the Communist Party of China on November 13, 1945 with the approval of the Secretariat of the CPC Central Committee.

Gao Shuxun's uprising caused a great shock to Chiang Kai Shek and his headquarters, which made him feel that "the hearts of the soldiers are not solid, and the hearts of the people are not returning", and the time to launch a civil war is not mature enough. After Gao Shuxun's uprising and the pinghan campaign, a large number of documents about Chiang Kai Shek's plot to launch a civil war were seized. Yan'an Xinhua news agency selected seven important secret orders and published them publicly, which made the people of the whole country understand the truth of the Kuomintang's provocation of the civil war.

Gao Shuxun's uprising and the subsequent "Gao Shuxun movement" became a flag of the patriotic and civil war averse officers and men in the Kuomintang army. They defected in large numbers in the Kuomintang civil war front after that, which accelerated the victory process of the national liberation war. But at that time, the Eighth Route Army hastily reorganized Gao Shuxun's uprising troops, which also had a bad impact. After the main force of Liu Deng's army attacked the outer lines, the base areas of Shanxi, Hebei, Shandong and Henan were very tense.

On the eve of the founding of new China, Gao Shuxun attended the first plenary session of the Chinese people's Political Consultative Conference and participated in the founding of the people's Republic of China. After the founding of the people's Republic of China, he was elected a member of the National Committee of the Chinese people's Political Consultative Conference, a member of the National Defense Commission, a deputy to the first, second and third National People's congresses, a member of the Central Committee of the democratic revolution, and a vice chairman of the democratic revolution of Hebei Province. In 1955, according to the decision of the 22nd Meeting of the Standing Committee of the first National People's Congress of the people's Republic of China, Chairman Mao awarded Gao Shuxun the first level Liberation Medal.

Gao Shuxun died in Beijing on January 19, 1972 at the age of 74.

Lead the army to revolt

In February 1946, Deng Xiaoping (first from left), Liu Bocheng (fourth from left), Bo Yibo (first from right), Yang Xiufeng (second from left) and Gao Shuxun (third from right) took a group photo with Ma Fawu (wearing a long shirt), the deputy commander of the 11th Kuomintang theater captured in the Handan campaign.

In 1944, Gao Shuxun was appointed commander-in-chief of the Jicha war zone, and in 1945, he was appointed deputy commander of the 11th war zone and concurrently commander of the new Eighth Army. At this time, Wang Dingnan, a member of the Communist Party of China, was already working with him. After the surrender of Japan, Gao Shuxun was ordered to lead the army to attack the liberated areas of Shanxi, Hebei, Shandong and Henan in the name of surrender. On October 30, 1945, Gao Shuxun led a Kuomintang army and a column to revolt on the front line of the civil war near Handan.

For Chiang Kai Shek, who was preparing to launch a full-scale civil war, the news of Gao Shuxun's uprising was like a bolt from the blue. Chiang did not hesitate to distort the facts to block the news of the uprising. On November 8, 1945, the Central News Agency of the Kuomintang made a rumor in the name of the spokesman of the Military Commission: "on the night of October 31, Gao Shuxun was captured by the Eighth Route Army in Matou Town, north of Cixian county. Gao Shuxun has completely lost his freedom."

What's the name of Gao Shuxun's army? Mao Zedong suggested using "people's Liberation Army" or "democratic Liberation Army" or still using the old name of the new Eighth Army. Wuan County, Hebei Province held a meeting to celebrate the founding of the "democratic founding army". In November 1945, Gao Shuxun applied to join the CPC Central Committee three times.

Chairman Mao's name“

Gao Shuxun movement

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After Gao Shuxun's uprising, he sent a message to other Kuomintang generals, hoping that they would follow his example and break away from the reactionaries.

On December 15, 1945, Mao Zedong drafted instructions to the party for the CPC Central Committee, which said: "we must prepare and organize the uprising from within the Kuomintang army and carry out the Gao Shuxun movement, so that a large number of Kuomintang troops can stand on the people's side, oppose the civil war and advocate peace at the critical moment of war according to Gao Shuxun's example."

On November 1, 1946, the people's daily of Shanxi, Hebei, Shandong and Henan published commander Zhu De's article "wish Gao Shuxun the first anniversary of the uprising", which wrote: "in the past year, in addition to General Gao Shuxun's uprising, there were countless other similar events, forming a trend. The uprising army reached Chiang Kai Shek

Chinese PinYin : Gao Shu Xun