Nanchen
Chen in the Southern Dynasties
The Chen Dynasty (557-589), historically known as the southern Chen or the southern Chen, was the last dynasty of the Southern Dynasties in China's southern and Northern Dynasties. It was founded by Chen Ba, Emperor Chen Wu, on behalf of Nanliang in 557, the first year of Yongding, and its capital was Jiankang (now Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province). It has been passed on to the five emperors for 32 years.
Because of the destruction of Hou Jing's rebellion to the Southern Dynasty, when the Chen Dynasty was established, the Southern Dynasty became weak and the Northern Dynasty became strong. Facing the invasion of the Northern Qi Dynasty, Chen Baxian led the army to resist successfully, and the situation gradually improved. Chen Ba died of illness in 559, the third year of Yongding. His nephew Chen Wen Di, Chen Qian, ascended the throne. Chen Qian made great efforts to get rid of extravagance and made the politics of Chen Dynasty a little stable. In the first year of Everbright (567), Emperor Chen Xu ascended the throne and continued to implement Chen Qian's policy of light corvee and light taxes, which gradually restored the economy of the south of the Yangtze River. In the tenth year of Taijian (578), Chen Dynasty attacked the Northern Qi Dynasty and once occupied Huainan. After the defeat of Luliang, Jiangbei County lost. After Chen Shubao succeeded to the throne, he didn't care about political affairs and was short of wine and sex. In 588, Emperor Wen of the Sui Dynasty ordered his son Yang Guang to attack Chen. In the following year, Jiankang was captured and Chen Dynasty was destroyed.
The territory of the Chen Dynasty was the smallest among the Southern Dynasties, and it could only control the east of Jiangling, the south of the Yangtze River and the north of Jiaozhi.
During the period of Liang and Chen dynasties, the trend of private lectures was gradually developing. Chen Baxian took the throne with Han people, which set a precedent for the Southern Dynasty. More and more Han people were promoted by their classics, history, articles, officials, and martial arts. They were even promoted to high-ranking officials.
(source: Atlas of ancient Chinese History)
National name
Chen Dynasty is the only orthodox Dynasty with the same surname and country name in Chinese history. Chen Baxian was granted the title of Chen Gong and Chen Wang by Xiao Fangzhi, Emperor Jing of Liang Dynasty. In addition, Chen Baxian was known as the descendant of Chen in the spring and Autumn period after the Chen family in Yingchuan. Therefore, after the founding of the state, the name of the state was "Chen".
history
Logging and business
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Chen Baxian (503-559), the founding emperor of the Chen Dynasty, was born in xiaruo (Ruo) Li, Changcheng County, Wuxing county (now Changxing County, Zhejiang Province). His family lived in Yingchuan (now Yuzhou City, Henan Province). It is said that he was the descendant of the Chen family of Yingchuan, a famous Han and Wei nationality.
"Chen Shu" said that Chen Baxian "less Ti Tang, ambitious, no rule of production. He was long, read military books, had many martial arts skills, was clear and resolute, and was admired at that time. Around 540, Xiao Ying, the then governor of Wuxing, had attached great importance to Chen Baxian. After he became the governor of Guangzhou, Chen Baxian joined the army as a direct soldier. In the 10th year of Datong (544), Li Ben of Jiaozhou called himself Emperor Yue. Lu Zixiong, the governor of Xinzhou (now in Guangdong), and sun Fen, the governor of Gaozhou (now in Guangdong Yangjiang), besieged Guangzhou. Chen BA was the first to break through the encirclement, which attracted the attention of Xiao Yan, Emperor Wu of Liang Dynasty. In 545, Emperor Wudi of Liang Dynasty appointed Chen Baxian as Sima of Jiaozhou and attacked Li Ben. After three years of hard struggle, Chen Baxian got rid of Jiao, AI, De, Li, Ming and other states (all located in the north and south of modern Vietnam). Not long after Chen Baxian returned to Gaoyao, he met Hou Jingzhi. In the third year of Dabao (552), Wang Seng Bian and Chen Baxian took an oath to enter into an alliance. In March of the same year, they launched a decisive battle with Hou Jing in Jiankang, completely destroying Hou Jing's forces.
In March of the third year of Chengsheng (554), Emperor Xiao Yi of Liang Yuan entered Chen Ba and became Sikong. In September, the Western Wei Dynasty sent troops to attack Jiangling (now Jingzhou, Hubei Province), but Wang Seng Bian failed to rescue him in time, and Liang Yuan emperor was captured and killed. Chen Baxian's son, Chen Chang, and his nephew, Chen Xu, were taken to Chang'an. At this time, Xiao Chen, the nephew of Liang Yuan emperor, was helped by the Western Wei Dynasty to become a puppet emperor and established the post Liang regime. After the fall of the Jiangling mausoleum, Wang Seng Bian and Chen Baxian, after repeated discussions, prepared to welcome Xiao Fangzhi, the ninth son of emperor Liang Yuan and king of Jin'an, to Jiankang in February of the next year.
Not long after Xiao Fangzhi came to Jiankang hall, he insisted on sending troops to escort Xiao Yuanming, who was captured by the Eastern Wei Dynasty, to become a puppet emperor. At first, monk Wang refused. In March of the fourth year of Chengsheng (555), the Qi army arrived at Dongguan (now Chaohu City, Anhui Province). Wang Seng argued that his army had failed to stop him. He succumbed to the pressure of the Northern Qi Dynasty and welcomed Xiao Yuanming to Jiankang as emperor in July, taking Xiao Fangzhi as the crown prince. Chen Baxian thought that once Xiao Yuanming became emperor, Liang Dynasty would become a vassal of the Northern Qi Dynasty, so he argued with Wang Seng Bian repeatedly, but Wang Seng Bian didn't listen. Therefore, Chen Baxian summoned Xu Du, Hou Andu, Zhou Wenyu and others to plan, and decided to fight against Wang Seng Bian with the crime of "Abolishing legislation without authorization". In September of the same year, he raised his troops in Jingkou and raided the stone city. Chen Jun entered the city from the north of Jiankang city. Wang Seng Bian was caught off guard and was hanged.
In October of the fourth year of Chengsheng (555), Chen Baxian established Xiao Fangzhi as emperor, known as Liang Jingdi in history, and changed the yuan to shaotai. He also took charge of the military affairs of the Liang Dynasty. At the end of the first year of shaotai (555) and in June of the first year of Taiping (556), the Northern Qi Dynasty invaded the Liang Dynasty twice, both of which were defeated by Chen Baxian's troops, so that the people in the south of the Yangtze River could avoid the invasion of foreign nationalities (see Chen Baxian's breaking the battle of the Northern Qi Dynasty). In October of the first year of shaotai (555) and February of the first year of Yongding (557), the rebellion of Wang Seng Fenyu and Xiao Bo, the Marquis of Qujiang, was pacified (see Xiao Bo's war against Chen Baxian). So far, Chen Baxian paved the way for becoming emperor.
Emperor of Chan Liang
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After Chen Baxian established Xiao Fangzhi as emperor, Wang Lin, who occupied Hunan, Ying and other prefectures, always refused. In May of the second year of Taiping (557), Wang Lin made great efforts to build boats and prepare to attack Chen Baxian. In June, Chen Baxian sent Hou Andu, the Western governor, and Zhou Wenyu, the southern governor, to join forces with 20000 sailors in Wuchang to attack Wang Lin.
In August of the first year of Yongding (557), the Liang Dynasty promoted Prime Minister Chen Baxian as Taifu, and granted Huang Yue and special gifts. In September, he was promoted to prime minister, who was in charge of the government and granted the title of Duke Chen. On the third day of October, he became king Chen. On the sixth day of junior high school, Xiao Fangzhi Zen was located in Chen Baxian. On the 10th day of the lunar new year, Chen Baxian became emperor in the southern suburbs, changed his name to Yongding, and made Xiao Fangzhi king of Jiangyin (he was killed the next year).
At the beginning of the founding of the people's Republic of China, Chen Baxian "could not command Jiankang thousands of miles away". On the one hand, he won over the powerful families of Jiangzuo, restored the economy of Jiangnan, and on the other hand, he conquered the Northern Qi Dynasty, recovered the lost land of Huainan, and gradually stabilized his regime. The capital of Jiankang is also under construction. In the first month of the second year of Yongding (558), Wang Lin took 100000 soldiers to the East, arrived at juecheng (Ruichang, Jiujiang, Jiangxi), and stationed in baishuipu (West of Jiujiang, Jiangxi). In March, the Northern Qi Dynasty sent troops to assist and escort Liang Yongjia and Wang Xiaozhuang back to Jiangnan. Wang Lin supported Xiao Zhuang and ascended the throne. She was worshipped as Prime Minister of Liang by the Northern Qi Dynasty.
During Chen Baxian's reign, he was able to determine the way to defeat the enemy in every military event, while he advocated leniency and simplicity in dealing with government affairs, paid attention to recuperation, and was not easy to use troops. He was thrifty and simple in nature, and he was able to do what he could. He was politically clear, which made the situation in the south of the Yangtze River more and more stable.
In June 559, Chen Baxian died of illness. He was 57 years old when he was in office for three years. His posthumous title is Emperor Wu and his temple title is emperor Gaozu. He was buried in wan'anling.
Emperor Wen's life
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When Chen Baxian was seriously ill, he enlisted his nephew Chen Qian to inherit the throne. After his arrival, Chen Qian ascended the throne in the front hall of Taiji in Jiankang on June 1, 559, the third year of Yongding. At the beginning, Chen Baxian pursued his elder brother Chen Daotan as king zhaolie of Shixing, and let his second son Chen Xu inherit the title. When Wen emperor Chen Qian ascended the throne, Chen Xu was still captured in Chang'an of the Northern Zhou Dynasty and did not come back. Chen Qian, because he inherited the throne, renamed Chen Xu the prince of an Cheng.
In October of the third year of Yongding (559), Wang Lin learned that Chen Baxian had died. She led the army to the East, and led Xiaozhuang out of tuxukou (Huichao County, now an County). The Northern Qi Dynasty sent Murong Yan to lead the army to the Yangtze River to support it. In November, Wang Lin invaded Dalai (now Wangjiang County, Anhui Province), and Chen Qian fought against it with Hou Fen, Hou Andu, and Xu Du. In the first year of Tianjia (560), when Wang Lin and Hou Yao of Chen Dynasty were at war in Wuhu, the Northern Zhou Dynasty sent troops to attack Jingzhou. As a result, Wang Lin was defeated and Wang Lin and Xiao Zhuang fled to the Northern Qi Dynasty. From then on, the Chen Dynasty became the orthodox of the Southern Dynasty.
In February of the first year of Tianjia (560), Chen Qian appointed Chen Chang as the governor of Xiangzhou and granted the title of Hengyang king. In March, hou'an welcomed Chen Chang to the Hanjiang River, where he drowned. Then, Hou an all played Chen Qian, claiming that Chen Chang had an accident when crossing the river, and the ship was damaged and drowned.
In March of the first year of Tiankang (566), Chen Qian appointed Chen Xu, king of an Cheng, as the minister. In April, Chen Qian fell ill and died in the same month. He was in office for seven years and died at the age of 44. His posthumous title is Emperor Wen, and his temple title is Shizu. He was buried in Yongning Mausoleum (now in shizichong field, Xinhe village, ganjiaxiang, Qixia District, Nanjing).
Chen Qian had been aware of the hardships of the people since he was in trouble. He still carried out the strategy of recuperation and recuperation. During his reign, he worked hard, including Wang Lin in Pingxiang, Zhou Di in Linchuan, Xiong Tanlang in Yuzhang and Dongyang
Chinese PinYin : Nan Chen
