Shuhan
Shuhan
Shuhan (may 15-263, 221), one of the Three Kingdoms. In 221 A.D., Liu Bei became emperor in Chengdu, known as "Shu Han" in history, also known as "Liu Shu" and "Ji Han". It was destroyed by Wei in 263. Altogether calendar II two emperors, the country Zuo 43 years.
At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the constant struggle between the relatives and eunuchs led to the increasing corruption of the government, and then the Huangjin uprising broke out. Liu Bei entered the official career because of his military achievements in suppressing the peasant uprising. But soon, he Jin and Dong Zhuo were defeated one after another, and the situation in the world gradually turned into a scuffle among the vassals. Liu Bei went around in the scuffle, recovered all parts of Jingzhou after the battle of Chibi, and then made progress in Xichuan, conquered Hanzhong, and finally established the Shuhan regime.
During the heyday of Shu Han Dynasty, it occupied Jingzhou and Yizhou. After Guan Yu lost Jingzhou and Liu Bei's Yiling, its national strength was damaged. After Zhuge Liang's restoration of Shu's national strength, it forced nanzhong region to yield, and obtained a lot of natural resources such as materials, population, equipment and minerals, which made its national strength strong again. In military, Shu Han often took the initiative, but gradually declined in the later period, and was finally destroyed by Cao Wei, who was controlled by Sima family.
The territory of Shu Han Dynasty reached Wudu and Hanzhong in the north, Wuxia in the East, Baoyun and GUI in the south, and eastern Myanmar in the West. It occupies most of Yunnan Province, Sichuan and Guizhou provinces, Shaanxi, southern Gansu, Northwestern Guangxi, northeastern Myanmar and northwestern Vietnam.
National name
The name of Shu Han regime was "Han" (Liu Bei claimed to be the continuation of Han Dynasty). Because the regime it established was based on Shu, it was often called "Shu". Later generations gradually got used to it. In order to recognize the Hanshi regime established by Liu Bei, they called it Shuhan.
history
The hardships of founding a new country
< sub > master data: < / sub >
< sub > battle of Yizhou
、
< sub > the battle of Hanzhong
Liu Bei is a descendant of Liu Sheng, the king of Zhongshan, but his family is in decline. In Liu Bei's generation, he and his mother could only make a living by weaving mats and selling shoes. With the support of his uncle Liu Yuanqi, he studied with Gongsun Zan and worshipped Lu Zhi as a teacher. Later, with the support of merchants Zhang Shiping and Su Shuang, Liu Bei was able to recruit his own private armed forces, and made great achievements in suppressing the yellow scarf uprising, thus gaining the official position.
After that, the battle between Qi and officials became more fierce, and both sides were defeated. Dong Zhuo took the opportunity to enter the capital to disturb the government, and the prefects and county officials attacked each other for their own interests, forming a separatist power. In the current situation of warlords' scuffle, Liu Bei was very weak and ran among many vassals with his good reputation.
In the fifth year of Jian'an (200 years), the incident of Yi Dai Zhao happened. Liu Bei found an excuse to leave from Cao Cao and completely opposed Cao Cao. Because Liu Bei's military strength was still very weak, after he was defeated by Cao Cao, he continued to fight Cao Cao in a way similar to guerrilla warfare. Later, he came to Jingzhou to take refuge with Liu Biao.
In the 13th year of Jian'an (208), Liu Bei got Zhuge Liang and had a new development goal. With Zhuge Liang's efforts, Liu Bei and Sun Quan reached an alliance, and they worked together to defeat Cao Cao in the battle of Chibi.
From the 14th year of Jian'an (209) to the 24th year of Jian'an (219), Liu Bei, with Guan Yu, Zhang Fei, Zhao Yun, Liu Feng and Huang Zhong as the main generals, Zhuge Liang, Pang Tong and Fazheng as the main military strategists, successively recovered Jingzhou counties, forced Liu Zhang to land in Western Shu, defeated Cao Cao and captured Hanzhong, and brought Guanzhong warlord Ma Chao under his command. And then the Shuhan regime was established. In the first year of Zhangwu (221), Liu Bei became emperor in Chengdu after Cao Pi usurped the Han Dynasty and established the Wei Dynasty.
Marquis Wu's assistant administrator
< sub > master data: < / sub >
< sub > Zhuge Liang's Northern Expedition
In 215, Sun Quan of the eastern Wu Dynasty sent LV Meng to capture the three counties of Jingzhou. Later, he demarcated the Xiangshui river with Liu Bei. In 219, when Guan Yu went north to capture Xiangfan, he attacked Jingzhou and killed Guan Yu. In the first year of Zhangwu (221), in the name of Guan Yu's revenge, Liu Bei personally led the army to attack the eastern Wu. After a few months, Lu Xun defeated Liu Bei by fire and won the battle of Yiling. Liu Bei was defeated in Yong'an, Zhang Nan, Feng Xi, Cheng Ji, Sha Moke and other military generals were all killed in the battle of Yiling, and Shu Han suffered heavy losses.
When Sun Quan learned that Liu Bei had not returned to Chengdu in Yong'an, he was very afraid, so he took the initiative to make peace with Liu Bei. In the third year of Zhangwu (223), Liu Bei called Zhuge Liang to Yong'an to explain his affairs, and then died. His posthumous title is emperor zhaolie and his temple title is emperor liezu.
In May 223, after Liu Chan succeeded to the throne, he ordered Zhuge Liang to set up his government. Zhuge Liang then sent Deng Zhi to Dongwu to consolidate the Han Wu alliance. On the other hand, he pacified the common people, formulated etiquette, official positions, laws, etc., and managed the Shu Han Dynasty in an orderly way.
In the third year of Jianxing (225), Zhuge Liang personally led the Han Army to go deep into nanzhong and put down the rebellion. He appointed Meng Huo and some other southern barbarian generals, and obtained a lot of resources from them. The actual control territory of Shu Han was also expanded.
In 227, Zhuge Liang stationed in Hanzhong. He brought Wei Yan, the governor of Hanzhong, into the prime minister's office and sent Zhao Yun, the Zhendong general, to Hanzhong to prepare for the northern expedition.
From the sixth year of Jianxing (228) to the twelfth year of Jianxing (234), Zhuge Liang launched five attacks against Wei. Although he had some achievements, he failed to complete the goal of "rejuvenating and restoring the Han Dynasty" for various reasons.
Three generations of Zaifu
< sub > master data: < / sub >
< sub > Jiang Wei's Northern Expedition
Before his death, Zhuge Liang had secretly shown to Liu Chan, the empress of the Shu Han Dynasty, that Jiang Wan could replace him. After Zhuge Liang's death, Liu Chan no longer set up the post of prime minister. On the one hand, he let Jiang Wan be the assistant of the general, on the other hand, he let Deng Zhi lead Jiangzhou and continue to maintain the Wu Han alliance. On the other hand, Liu Chan appointed Li Hui, Zhang Yi, and Ma Zhong as the generals of Nanman, who helped to pacify the Nanman rebellion.
Jianxing 12 years (234 years) to Yan Xi 9 years (246 years) for Jiang Wan assistant period. During this period, Liu Chan saw that Cao Rui, emperor of the Ming Dynasty, had built a large-scale civil service. He thought that this was a sign of defeat, so he added Jiang Wan as the great Sima and asked him to set up a government. President Jiang Wan's troops were stationed in Hanzhong, waiting for the opportunity of the northern expedition.
Jiang Wan had been in power for 12 years. He not only followed Zhuge Liang's policy of governing the country in an orderly way, but also sent Jiang Wei to lead the deviant troops westward to search for the Northern Expedition fighters. After many attempts, Jiang Wan thought that sending troops from the Qinling Mountains was difficult and inconvenient, so he built a boat to attack Shangyong, Weixing and other places of Wei state by water, but this action was met by the imperial court Jiang Wan fell ill and soon died. Before he died, he wrote to Liu Chan that Jiang Wei was the governor of Liangzhou. After Jiang Wan's death, Liu Chan moved Fei Yi to be the Assistant General of the general's army. Soon afterwards, Ma Zhong, the governor of the general, died of illness. Liu Chan appointed Yan Yu and Huo Yi out of zhennanzhong.
The period from the ninth year of Yanxi (246) to the sixteenth year of Yanxi (253) was seven years. After Fei Yi came to power, he thought that he was too far from Zhuge Liang, so he only wanted to protect the territory and the people, no longer used military force against Wei, and reduced Jiang Wei's troops, fearing that there would be a big loss. However, Fei Yi's amnesty policy was criticized by the Chief Minister Meng Guang. One year after Liu Chan ordered Fei Yi to open the palace, Fei Yi was assassinated by an assassin.
After Fei Yi's death in 253, Liu Chan ordered general Jiang Wei to maintain the relationship between Wu and Han with Zongyu, and Badong with Yan Yu and Luo Xian. After the death of Dong Yun, Liu Chan replaced Dong Yun with Chen Zhi. Although Chen Zhi supported the northern expedition, he did not exclude Huang Hao. Because of Liu Chan's trust in Huang Hao, Huang Hao began to intervene in the government.
Externally, from 238 to 262, Jiang Wei carried out 11 northern expeditions against Wei, which resulted in two big victories, three small victories, four big defeats and one small defeat. On the whole, more wins and less losses. Although Jiang Wei was good at military affairs, after his death, the internal affairs of Shu Han were not governed. Jiang Wei fought for years, and the national strength of Shu Han was not as strong as before. After Chen Zhi's death, Huang Hao threatened Jiang Wei, and Shu Han gradually declined.
The fall of Shu Han
In the later period of Shu Han Dynasty, Jiang Wei's Northern Expedition caused great loss of Shu Han's national strength. Eunuch Huang Hao, Zhuge Zhan, Zhuge Liang's son, and old minister Zhang Yi all began to oppose Jiang Wei's Northern Expedition. Jiang Wei felt great pressure and did not dare to return to Chengdu, so he settled down in Dazhong to reserve military funds and continued to plan the northern expedition. On the other hand, Zhuge Zhan and others also wanted to get rid of Huang Hao, but because Liu Chan was very fond of Huang Hao, they could do nothing.
In the sixth year of Jingyao (263), Jiang Wei got the news of Zhong Huizhi's troops in Guanzhong, which indicated that Liu Chan dispatched Zhang Yi and Liao Hua to guard the dangerous area. However, Huang Hao believed the ghost and told Liu Chan that the enemy would not come, and the Minister of Shu Han did not know about it. Until the Wei army attacked Shu on the fifth route and invaded Hanzhong, Liu Chan sent Zhang Yi and Liao Hua to rescue, but it was too late. Jiang Wei stopped Zhong Hui's army in the sword Pavilion, but he didn't expect Deng AI to sneak into Mianzhu from Jinggu road and defeat Zhuge Zhan. On the one hand, Liu Chan dispatched Yan Yu to support Chengdu, and on the other hand, he convened the minister to discuss. Qiao Zhou forced Liu Chan to surrender.
After receiving the imperial edict from Liu Chan, Jiang Wei tried to restore the country by the hand of the bell club, but the plan leaked out, and Jiang Wei, Deng AI, and the bell club were all killed. From then on, the Shu Han Dynasty was completely destroyed.
territory
Range
The territory of Shu Han Dynasty reached Wudu and Hanzhong in the north, Wuxia in the East, Baoyun and GUI in the south, and eastern Myanmar in the West. slightly
Chinese PinYin : Shu Han
