Nanqi

Southern Dynasties and Qi Dynasty

The Southern Qi Dynasty (479-502 A.D.) is the second Dynasty of the Southern Dynasty in the southern and Northern Dynasties.

The founding emperor Xiao Daocheng once served as a general of the right army during the reign of emperor song and Ming. After the death of emperor Song Ming, he and Yuan can were in charge of the government. In 474 A.D., Xiao Daocheng pacified the rebellion of Liu Xiufan, the governor of Jiangzhou and the king of Guiyang. He became a duke and moved to China to lead the general. He mastered the Imperial Guard and supervised the military affairs of the five prefectures. At this time, the internal strife was fierce in the Southern Song Dynasty, and Xiao Daocheng gradually took power.

In 477 ad, after Xiao Daocheng killed Liu Yu, he abandoned the emperor and established his younger brother Liu Zhun to succeed him. Xiao Daocheng was made king of Qi. After that, Xiao Daocheng got rid of yuan can and Shen Youzhi who were loyal to the Song Dynasty. In 479 A.D., Xiao Daocheng forced Liu Zhun, Emperor Shun of Song Dynasty, to abdicate and become emperor himself. He established the Southern Qi Dynasty and established its capital, Jiankang (now Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province). The name of the state comes from Chenwei. There is a folk prophecy saying: "the golden sword and sharp blade are cut together", which means that "Qi" will replace "song".

In 502 A.D., Emperor Qihe was forced to become a general named Xiao Yan. The Southern Qi Dynasty was the shortest lived of the four dynasties in the Southern Dynasty, with only 23 years.

history

The rise of Daocheng

Xiao Daocheng is the 24th grandson of Xiao He, the Prime Minister of the Han Dynasty. His father, Xiao Chengzhi, was a general of the Song Dynasty. Born in 427, the fourth year of Yuanjia, Emperor Wen of Song Dynasty. When he was 13 years old, he joined the school of Lei Tzong, a famous scholar, and received Confucian classics such as the book of rites and Zuo's spring and Autumn Annals.

In the 20th year of Yuanjia (443), Daocheng was ordered to lead the partial army to fight against mianbeiman. In the 23rd year (446), he joined the army as a soldier in the left army and followed Xiao Si to talk about the town of Xiangyang. After the attack Jinxing County male, Ren Jiankang order. The emperor of song and Ming Dynasty set up the governor of Jiangzhou and the prince of Jin'an to take charge of the rebellion of zhoufan, which was called the rebellion of Yijia in history. At that time, there were many responses from all sides, and only Danyang county was the only one to receive orders. Emperor Ming thought that he was a general of the right army. He went out to discuss with Kuaiji Prefecture, Xunyang Prince Fang, and Xuzhou governor Xue Andu. Luanping was a matter for the governor of the South East China Sea and the governor of the South Xuzhou. In the third year of Taishi, shen you's Northern Expedition, Daocheng was ordered to lead thousands of people to town Huaiyin. The next year, he was the governor of Southern Yanzhou and the town Guangling.

In the first year of Taiyu (472), the Ming emperor collapsed, then abolished the emperor and became the assistant government. In May of 474 and July of 476, Wang Xiufan and Wang Jingsu of Jianping rebelled one after another. Daocheng led the army to Pingzhi and moved to China to lead the general and the military of duwuzhou. Jiashangshu left his servant to shoot. After that, the emperor was furious and moody. If you are not at ease, you are planning to abolish. In July of 477, the fifth year of Huiyuan (477), Yang Yufu and others killed the emperor and then abolished him. He established his younger brother, an Chengwang Zhun, as Emperor Shun of Song Dynasty. Daocheng ascended to the rank of Shizhong, Sikong, Lushang Shushi, Hushi general, and led the country. In December, Shen Youzhi, yuan can and Liu Bing were dissatisfied with Xiao's dictatorship, and set out to fight against Xiao, who was defeated by Dao Cheng.

The founding of the state in the Southern Qi Dynasty

Xiao Daocheng, who eliminated his dissidents, stepped forward to the position of emperor step by step. In March, Xiao Daocheng was appointed prime minister, Duke of Qi, and Jiuxi. In April, Xiao Daocheng became king, and received special rites (the so-called special rites are the highest courtesies for ministers: to go to the palace with swords, not to go to the court, not to praise and worship). Once upon a time, Cao Cao, Sima Zhao and Liu Yu got what they had, and now Xiao Daocheng also gets it. By contrast, his speed is the fastest and his credit is the least. Xiao Daocheng's ambition does not lie in the greatness of the world, but in the high position of power. Then the next step, of course, is the Chan Dynasty.

The process of Chan Dynasty is a two act drama of sadness and happiness. The first is the abdication of the Song Emperor. According to the etiquette, Emperor song Shun needed to meet the officials in front of the hall, and then hand over the seal. The little emperor was too scared to come out and fled to hide under the Buddha statue in the temple. Wang Jingze led the forbidden soldiers to enter and welcome Emperor Shun out. Emperor Shun had been crying for a long time. He sobbed and asked Wang Jingze, "is king Qi going to kill me?" Wang Jing was afraid of the drama, comforted him and said, "it's just moving to another palace. Your Majesty's ancestors took the Jin Dynasty as well." Although Emperor Shun was a little puppet emperor, he was not stupid. He knew that the retribution was coming to him. He cried out, "may I not be born in the emperor's family in the future generations!" This is the cry of the weak and the complaint of despair. It's a pity that wailing and accusation are too pale and powerless in the face of power and interests. When Emperor Shun handed over the seal, all the officials in the palace burst into tears, one of which was quite meaningful. Wang Kun, the right Guanglu doctor, was the cousin of Wang Hua, an important minister under Liu Yilong of the Song Dynasty. He had been a doctor in the court since the end of the Eastern Jin Dynasty. At that time, he was more than 80 years old, and no one was older than him. He once witnessed the scene of emperor Gongdi's abdication to Liu Yu, and he had mixed feelings. He cried and sighed: "everyone thinks longevity is a good thing, but I think longevity is really sad. I have experienced such scenes again and again. "

When Emperor song Shun was removed, the "tragedy" was over and the "comedy" was replaced. Chu Yuan, holding the seal, led the civil and military officials to the palace of the king of Qi, and advised Xiao Daocheng to ascend the throne. Xiao Daocheng had to refuse three times. Chen Wenjian, an official who studies history, pretends to be a fool and says to Xiao Daocheng, "six is the number of wealth: from Emperor Guangwu to Emperor Xiandi in the later Han Dynasty, he abdicated to the Wei Dynasty in 196 years, to the Jin Dynasty in 46 years, and to the Song Dynasty in 156 years. Now the Song Dynasty has gone through 60 years, six beginning and six ending. I hope that the king of Qi will conform to heaven's will I'd like to be here early! " Xiao Daocheng put down his "airs" and changed his "God's clothes", that is, the throne of the emperor, the title of the state Qi, and the title of the year Jianyuan, which was for the emperor Qi Gaodi. Similar to Liu Yu's way of dealing with Jin Gong emperor, he appointed song Shun emperor Ruyin king, and within a month he secretly instructed his men to kill him. Liu Yu's descendants were soon uprooted by Xiao Daocheng, except Liu Chang, the ninth son of Emperor Wen of Song Dynasty, who lived in exile in the Northern Wei Dynasty in 465. The only exception was Liu Chengzhi, the son of Liu zunkao, Liu Yu's younger brother. He survived because of his close relationship with Chu Yuan, but he was far away from the royal family of Song Dynasty. The changes of the Song Dynasty in the past 60 years turned into Nanke's dream.

Jianyuan New Deal

Qi Gaodi advocated thrift and opposed extravagance. He set an example by replacing all gold and copper utensils such as palaces and royal ceremonial guards with iron utensils, and eliminating all jade pendants and hanging decorations on his clothes. When Emperor Xiao Daocheng was in power, he often said that "if we rule the world for ten years, we should make gold and land at the same price". It can be seen that he advocated thrift and practiced it. Qi Gao Di, who is in power to use cold hands, implements the law of checking the books, strictly restores the registered residence, advocates thrift, lightens the burden of the people, and gets along well with the north and maintains the stability of the border. On his deathbed, he told Prince Xiao you to be alert to the lessons of fraternity in the Jin and Song Dynasties, and to do a good job in governing the country and taking good care of his brothers in the same room, so that the country's politics will be stable and the economy will recover. Xiao you, Emperor Wu of the Qi Dynasty, gave the people a chance to recuperate for more than 10 years, which promoted the economic development of the south.

Xiao Daocheng accepted the lesson of the fall of Song Dynasty. He was thrifty, relieved the people's long-term debt and lenient punishment, but he died in seclusion for all the princes and princes of Song Dynasty. The registered residence was registered in the following year, and the registered residence officials were set up according to the suggestion of Yu. However, the drawbacks of the registered residence were numerous. The poor people were often accused of being false and false in household registration, and they also removed the interests of the landlords. As a result, shortly after his death, Tang Yuzhi's rebellion was triggered by his opposition to school registration. Unfortunately, he was only in power for three years, and did not realize his long cherished wish. After his death, the temple was named Taizu, posthumous title was Gaodi, and was buried in the Tai'an mausoleum at Lingkou (now Lingkou Town, Danyang City).

The rule of Yongming

Xiao Xun, whose name is Xuanyuan, is the eldest son of Xiao Daocheng and his mother, Liu Zhirong. After the death of emperor Gao, he succeeded to the throne as the crown prince, and his age was Yongming. He's thrifty and doesn't like to eat and swim. In the Northern Dynasty, military mobilization was reduced, good officials were appointed, and political affairs were improved. During the 11 years of his reign, he led to the development of economy and culture. The society was relatively stable, so that the common people had no warning of crowing and barking, the capital was prosperous, and the scholars and women were rich. It is known as the rule of Yongming in history.

Huang Ji is the household register of ordinary people and the basis for the imperial court to collect taxes and corvee. Huang Ji has always been a big malpractice. In order to avoid taxes and duties, the rich people in the Southern Dynasty (here refers to the non aristocratic landlords, rich peasants and merchants) often bribed the officials, injected the fake patriarchal title into the government's Huang Ji, and changed it to be inferior to the civil servants. During the Song Dynasty, many of the landlords who had registered residence in the imperial clan were changed into three generations (467 years) and four years after Song Dynasty (476 years). In the nine counties of Yangzhou, they were checked out of more than 70 000 households. In addition, at least two-thirds of the military meritorious households are fake because of their bald hair, uncertain migration, no household name, no household registration, no death or fake military merit There are so many disadvantages. The more the number of households exempt from service and tax, the heavier the burden on the poor.

In order to increase the direct control of household registration, increase tax revenue, expand the burden of corvee. Xiao Daocheng set up a school official in the second years of accession to the throne (two yuan, 480 years), and ordered the history of Yu, the director of Yu's play to take charge of Huang's inventory. He registered residence in the twenty-seven year edition of Song Yuan Jia. After he ascended the throne, Xiao you, Emperor Wu of the Qi Dynasty, continued to make an inventory to identify the true and false of the gentry. Those registered residence that registered as "clever and fake" must be returned to the local government, which is called "Ji Ji". If the registered residence is counterfeit, the original registered residence will be restored and the service will continue to be called "the right nationality". Later practise fraud and even punish the registered residence.

Chinese PinYin : Nan Qi