Improved variety farm of Jixian County, Shuangyashan City, Heilongjiang Province

Improved seed farm

This data is reviewed by the project of data compilation and application of Science Encyclopedia of science popularization in China.

The improved seed farm undertakes the tasks of improved seed breeding, improved seed production and improved seed promotion in this region, and plays an important role in stabilizing agricultural production and improving farmers' income. At the same time, the improved variety farm is also a test and demonstration base for new crop varieties and a window for agricultural information exchange with foreign countries.

Current situation of state owned improved seed farms

Most of the state-owned improved seed farms still follow the management mode under the planned economy, the system is not flexible, there are equalitarianism, eat big pot phenomenon, the enthusiasm of workers is not high, the source of funds is single, these problems become the stumbling block of the future development of improved seed farms. It mainly includes the following aspects

Single source of funds

Most state-owned seed farms mainly rely on the existing hundreds of acres of land to produce seeds and sell them to seed companies as their own economic source. Moreover, the amount of income depends on the harvest of that year and the price of seeds on the market, which is easily affected by the climatic conditions of that year. Therefore, this kind of income is extremely unstable. Especially after the reform of the seed company, it is unknown whether it will still rely on the improved seed farm to breed seeds. If the improved variety farm only sells commodity grain, its income will be reduced by half, which means that it is difficult for the improved variety farm to survive.

Weak technical strength

The single and unstable source of income results in the poor efficiency of the improved seed farm, and the wages of the workers are still at the level of the last century. Many college students do not want to come here, and even if they come, they also want to transfer. The existing technicians only account for 5% of the total number of workers. Most of the workers are brought up by the older generation to take over. Their average educational background is only primary school culture, and their agricultural knowledge is quite scarce. As a breeding field, on the one hand to maintain the purity of improved varieties, on the other hand to breed new varieties to meet the needs of agricultural development. Therefore, it is necessary for technical personnel to establish the original seed field and ear row nursery to expand and propagate improved varieties. At the same time, it is also necessary to apply fertilizer and medicine scientifically to improve the yield level of crops. The existing staff quality can not meet the needs of the development of improved seed farm.

Backward management system

The existing improved seed farms still follow the management mode under the planned economy. The employees work more and work less, which does not reflect the distribution mode of more work and more pay. The phenomenon of eating big pot is very serious. Due to the strong production season of the improved seed farm, the workers have nothing to do after the busy farming season, and they have to spend time in the unit. For a long time, they have formed a slack and loose work style, and their ability and potential can not be brought into full play. Local conflicts of interest, contradictions within the staff, "home to the field, proud of the field" can only stay in the verbal. On the one hand, it causes the waste of human resources, on the other hand, it affects the production and stability of improved seed farm.

General situation of the development of National Aquatic original improved variety farm

（1） Exploration stage. In this stage, from 1991 to 1996, after a long period of deliberation and expert argumentation, the key preserved species and the first batch of national farms invested and constructed by pilot were selected, and the species were mainly large freshwater fish. In 1996, the first state-level aquatic product farm was inspected and listed according to the "measures for inspection and acceptance of original aquatic product farms" (1991). (2) initial stage. In this stage, from 1996 to 2005, the establishment of national farms mainly focused on the construction of national direct investment, a total of 36 were identified and listed, and the varieties were mainly four domestic fish and dominant export aquatic products. In 1998, the "national plan for the construction of original and improved aquatic seed system" was officially launched, and the revised "measures for the qualification acceptance of national level aquatic seed farms" (1998) was formally implemented. The relevant laws and regulations, such as the production and management standards of original and improved aquatic seed farms and the measures for the management of aquatic seed farms, were gradually improved. According to statistics, by 2005, the central government had invested 319 million yuan in capital construction projects, including 38 original seed farms and 108 improved seed farms. (3) transitional stage. In this stage, from 2006 to 2010, from the state financial investment support to the participation of private capital, a total of 19 farms were identified and listed, of which the proportion of private enterprises increased to about 50%. More and more varieties were listed, and famous and high-quality economic characteristic species became the object of conservation. From 2006 to 2010, the central government invested 412 million yuan, including 31 original aquatic seed farms and 195 improved aquatic seed farms. (4) the construction and development stage of modern fishery seed industry. In this stage, since 2011, the state clearly put forward "to focus on scientific and technological innovation of seed industry", 26 listed companies have been identified, and the average annual number of listed companies has increased by 40% compared with the previous. At this stage, the identification and listing of national farms pay more attention to the combination of production, study and research, and the integration of education, breeding and promotion, which puts forward higher requirements for the comprehensive strength and influence of Listed Companies in the industry. The listed varieties are mainly Penaeus vannamei, Apostichopus japonicus, sturgeon, Pseudosciaena crocea, scallop, etc., which can lead the industrial lifeline and have high economic added value.

Methods for qualification acceptance and reexamination of National Aquatic original and improved seed farms

These measures are formulated in accordance with the Fisheries Law of the people's Republic of China and the measures for the management of aquatic seedlings, with a view to strengthening the management of national aquatic breeding farms and improving the supply, quality and safety of aquatic breeding farms.

Acceptance object

1. The original and improved aquatic breeding farms approved by the Department of fishery administration under the State Council and listed in the fishery investment plan. 2. The fishery administrative departments of provinces, autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the central government and cities specifically designated in the state plan (hereinafter referred to as provincial fishery administrative departments) have approved the listing, obtained the provincial qualification for at least two years, met the planning and layout of the National Aquatic original and improved variety farms, and voluntarily required the upgrading of the aquatic original and improved variety farms.

Acceptance content

1. Basic production conditions, including environment, infrastructure, instruments and equipment, etc.; 2. Production technical conditions, including management, production personnel education level or corresponding technical title, operation skills, etc.; 3. Quality of original and improved varieties; 4. Production and operation management, etc.

Submission

1. Application form for qualification of National Aquatic original and improved variety farm. 2. Capital construction project completion acceptance report (not required for self funded construction). 3. General situation of the company: the name, nature, establishment, funding source and other approval documents of the company, as well as the roster of all staff, management personnel and technical personnel (name, age, gender, education level, technical title or technical level, and post). 4. Production and operation status of aquatic products (including original products, improved varieties and other products) (copies of annual final accounts shall be provided). 5. The original aquatic products, improved varieties, quality test reports and water quality test reports (all copies) provided by the testing institutions recognized by the state. 6. Summary of technical management, quality management and file management. 7. Technical cooperation agreement signed with technical support unit (copy). 8. Other materials: business license, water beach culture license (or relevant ownership certificate), aquatic seedling production license (rare and endangered aquatic wild animals and plants shall be provided with "artificial breeding license of aquatic wild animals" and "operation and utilization license of aquatic wild animals"), technical and management personnel training certificate, user feedback information, site plan, review and transfer by competent units at all levels) Report letter, other relevant materials in line with the "production and management specification of aquatic original improved seed farm", etc.

Acceptance procedure

1. The original and improved seed farms shall submit a written acceptance application to the local provincial fishery authorities. 2. The provincial department in charge of fisheries shall review the application materials, check the preliminary inspection on site, sign the preliminary inspection opinions, and report to the fisheries administration of the Ministry of agriculture. Entrusted by the fishery administration of the Ministry of agriculture, the Secretariat of the National Committee for the examination and approval of original and improved aquatic species (hereinafter referred to as the Committee) conducted a preliminary examination of the materials provided. After passing the preliminary audit, it shall be submitted to the audit committee, which shall preside over and invite personnel from relevant scientific research, teaching, promotion, production and administrative departments to form an acceptance group of 5-7 persons, and conduct comprehensive evaluation by means of review materials and on-site assessment. 4. All members of the acceptance team shall be evaluated and scored according to the contents of the qualification evaluation form for National Aquatic original and improved seed farms, and the average score of the evaluation is more than 80 points (inclusive). After the comprehensive evaluation results are reported to the Ministry of agriculture for examination and publicity, the Ministry of agriculture will issue a document to name the National Stadium, issue a certificate (valid for five years), and award the bronze medal to the National Stadium. The national farms shall be named according to the following regulations: National + province (autonomous region, municipality directly under the central government, city under separate planning) + city (District, county) + variety (variety) + original (good) variety farms. The certificates and bronze plates shall be printed by the units designated by the Ministry of agriculture. 5. The fishery administration bureau of the Ministry of agriculture will order the unqualified farmers to improve within a time limit according to the rectification opinions put forward by the acceptance team. Those who still fail to meet the requirements at the expiration of the time limit will no longer be subject to the qualification acceptance of the National Aquatic original and improved seed farms. 6. The members of the acceptance group should strictly implement the "eight regulations" of the Central Committee, be simple and honest, and the members of the Ministry of agriculture should strictly abide by the relevant provisions of "several regulations on further standardizing the payment and collection management of expert consultation fees and other remuneration" (nongbancai No. 17).

Review management

From the date of acceptance and approval, the fishery administration bureau of the Ministry of agriculture will from time to time entrust the relevant agencies to conduct sampling inspection on the quality of the original and improved varieties produced by the National Aquatic original and improved varieties farms. The state-level aquatic original and improved seed farms shall submit an application for reexamination to the fishery administration bureau of the Ministry of agriculture at least three months before the expiration of the "acceptance certificate". The fishery administration bureau of the Ministry of Agriculture shall organize a reexamination team to comprehensively reexamine the basic conditions, production management, technical management and operation of the state-level aquatic original and improved seed farms. Review and evaluation

Chinese PinYin : Hei Long Jiang Sheng Shuang Ya Shan Shi Ji Xian Xian Liang Zhong Chang