Hequ horse farm, Maqu County, Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Gansu Province

Hequ Racecourse

Hequ Racecourse scenic spot is located in Maqu County, Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture. It was called "Mamai Yulong Songduo" in ancient times, which means "the open valley after the confluence of Yellow River and Heihe River" in Tibetan. It is the main activity place of Tibetan hero King Gesar in his youth and the starting point of unifying the country. It was named after the establishment of the state-owned Hequ Racecourse in 1958.

Hequ Racecourse in Gannan Prefecture was established in July 1958 and transferred to Gannan Prefecture People's Government in 1980. It was handed over to Maqu County on July 28, 2006. It is now subordinate to the Deputy county-level institutions directly under the people's Government of Maqu County. It has a history of 62 years. Hequ horse farm is located in Maqu County, adjacent to manrima in the south, Oula Township in the northwest, and Maixi Township in Ruoergai County, Sichuan Province, bounded by the Yellow River in the East. The total area of the farm is 598000 mu, with more than 200 mu of grassland per capita. The average altitude is 3500-4000 meters, with an average annual temperature of 1.5 ℃ and an average annual precipitation of 615.5mm. There are five natural villages in Hequ racecourse, with 527 households and 2155 people. At present, the main work we are engaged in is the same as that of other towns, mainly including civil affairs, poverty alleviation, disabled persons' Federation and various social undertakings development. In addition, the base of conservation and breeding of hippopotamus should be reserved to protect and develop hippopotamus varieties.

Overview of scenic spots

Hequ Racecourse scenic spot takes the wetland grassland and lake as the main natural landscape, with Shenju square, plateau equestrian activity base, pedestrian street, Tibetan courtyard, hydrophilic wetland sightseeing platform, star sky tent Hotel, RV tent camp, hot air balloon sightseeing base, MATI high-end hotel and other ancillary facilities.

Hequ Racecourse scenic spot has convenient transportation, only 12 kilometers away from Maqu County, which is the nearest wetland grassland to the city. Hequ Racecourse scenic area covers an area of 4.5 square kilometers, which is one tenth of the total area of Gannan. The average altitude is 3400 meters, the annual sunshine time is more than 3000 hours, the annual average temperature is - 3 ℃ ~ 10 ℃, the four seasons scenery is pleasant, and the warm climate conditions make it known as "Maqu small Jiangnan". There are many famous scenic spots such as Gahai Lake, Huahu lake, Langmu temple, zhagana, lianbaoyeze and so on within more than 100 kilometers.

Development and evolution

Maqu was investigated after it was established in June 1955.

In 1958, the state-owned Hequ horse farm was officially established in this Damei wetland with water and grass. At that time, Hequ horse was listed as the fourth national protected horse. The Department of Hequ Racecourse has "three departments and one room", namely, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, finance, security, office and five animal husbandry production teams. There are boarding primary schools, health centers, shops, TV stations, film teams, industrial and commercial offices, casein factories, feed processing factories, power stations and other service business units in the racecourse. Besides, there are Linxia reception station, Lanzhou Office, Lhasa distribution shop and other units, It belongs to the animal husbandry bureau of Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture.

In April 1979, Hequ horse farm and Hequ cattle and sheep farm of Gansu Province (Hequ military horse farm of Lanzhou Military Region) were merged to establish Hequ breeding livestock farm of Gansu Province, which was officially transferred to the Provincial Department of agriculture and animal husbandry by Gannan people's government.

On June 21, 1980, in accordance with the spirit of the notice (1980) No. 161 issued by the provincial people's Government on Delegating Hequ breeding stock farm to Gannan Prefecture, the people's Government of Gannan Prefecture handled the handover procedures on July 31 of the same year. After the handover, the name of Hequ horse farm in Gannan Prefecture was resumed.

In 1983, Gansu, Qinghai and Sichuan seed conservation committees were established.

In June 1984, Gansu Provincial Administration of standards issued the enterprise standard of Gansu Province for hequma, which made the cultivation of hequma begin to have strict standards to follow. Soon, with the deepening of reform and opening up, Hequ Racecourse in Qinghai and Sichuan provinces turned to cattle and sheep with good economic benefits, and the racecourse was canceled or dissolved. By the end of 1990, there was only one horse farm in China.

On July 28, 2006, according to the spiritual requirements of territorial management implemented by the State Party committee and the state government, it has been officially transferred to the people's Government of Maqu County for management.

historical background

The turning point of King dogsar's fate

The Tibetan epic Gesar Wang Zhuan is the longest one in the world. Maqu is the cradle of King Gesar, the world's longest heroic epic, and the birthplace of the rise of Tibetan hero King Gesar. The 11th Panchen master wrote an inscription for Maqu: "the birthplace of Gesar, the first bend of the Yellow River in the world, is flourishing.".

At present, more than 40 of the more than 120 published biographies of King Gesar have repeated the place names of Maqu. Deep in the vast grassland, there are 77 places with Gesar legends. Among them, seven of the nine sacred mountains in the core of the mountain kingdom are in Maqu. The most famous places are Gesar horseshoe imprint on the Bank of the oulaquhe River, the tianzicha city of the oulaxiu makalco mountain kingdom, and the tianzicoral City of the cairi maxiha mountain. They are the most densely distributed places with Tibetan Plateau customs, relics and Gesar legends Many counties.

As early as 1985, the famous Tibetan scholar and gexue researcher Jiayang zhezan GA luosang Huadan participated in the "first national Gesar seminar" held in Chifeng City, Inner Mongolia, and submitted the papers entitled "the relic of Ling state in Maqu County" and "a brief talk on mamayulongsongduo", which were widely praised and affirmed by experts and scholars.

Jiangbian Jiacuo, a famous scholar, pointed out that the research significance of "duigexue" in Maqu County, the first tune of the Yellow River, can not be underestimated. In 2002, Professor Jiangbian Jiacuo, President of China Gesar Research Association, said after inspecting Maqu County, Gansu Province, the "first song of the Yellow River", that the upper reaches of the Yangtze River is the birthplace of Gesar, and the first song of the Yellow River is the place where Gesar grows and develops. "Gesar has gone from here to glory, and lingguo has risen here.".

Not far from Hequ racecourse, the exhibition hall of Labrang temple, known as the "world Tibetan academy", still contains King Gesar's sword and saddle. According to relevant records, "Baojian and Ma'an are handed down by a living Buddha named lingcang. His real name is dunzhujiacuo, and he once served as the tenth Buddhist platform of Labrang temple. He is a descendant of King Ling.

During their investigation in Maqu County, the experts not only found mamajedo, which appeared many times in the epic, but also found the place where Gesar was heading for glory - mamayulongsongduo, which proved that the first song of the Yellow River where Maqu County was located was the origin of Gesar's horse racing.

At the Millennium variety show of Tibetan epic Gesar sponsored by the China Federation of literary and art circles and the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Maqu County's singing and playing performances "the birthplace of Gesar" and "talking and singing of mamaiyulongsongduo" won high praise. RedI, deputy director of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress and Chen Kuiyuan, vice chairman of the National Committee of the Chinese people's Political Consultative Conference, watched and affirmed the performances. In China's application to the United Nations for comprehensive information on Gesar, the 1000 people's performance in Maqu County and relevant scenery data were used.

According to the birth of King Gesar, Gesar and his mother moved to mamayulongsongduo at the age of 5 to avoid persecution. According to Jiayang zhezan GA lausanhuadan, a famous Tibetan scholar, gexue researcher, former deputy head of Maqu County and vice chairman of Gannan Federation of literary and art circles, it is proved that mamayulongsongduo is exactly the area of Hequ horse farm scenic spot.

It is also recorded in the birth of King Gesar that this place was originally the "gate of treasure". It is not only a natural pasture with flocks of cattle and sheep, but also a peaceful paradise full of animals. However, when the mother and son of Gesar first came to this place, it was the place where the demons showed off their evil spirits, especially the place where the nine headed rat demons occupied the disaster. Therefore, young Gesar launched a war between man and mouse, and all the mouse demons died one after another.

Three years after he killed the rat demon by throwing stones, Gesar managed mamayulongsongduo in an orderly way and became a "dark green hillside, purple black plain, beautiful flowers on the grass tip, dew on the grass waist and butter on the grass root". There are roads for heroes to gallop, markets for men and women to shop, and grass beaches for horse racing to rest. " The grass of mountains and rivers is a rich land that the cattle, horses and sheep of the sixth division of the Ling kingdom can't eat in three years.

It is also recorded in King Gesar that when Gesar was 12 years old, his uncle Chao Tong chose the best horse of Ling kingdom for his son Dongzan in order to crowd out Gesar and fight for the power of the tribe. He made a bet with big Bojihong of Gesar and planned to hold a race meeting of the whole tribe, so as to establish the supreme power of Ling Kingdom, and took senjiangzhum as the "lottery" of the game . Chao Tong thought that his son Dongzan would win the first prize in the race. Before the horse racing meeting in lingguo, in order to prevent Chao Tong from usurping the throne, rongchageng and Jiacha sent Zhumu to pick up Gesar's mother and son, because in lingguo, only she was qualified for the job. After all kinds of hardships, Zhu Mu finally found Gesar's mother and son, and then went with Gesar's mother to catch Qianli Baoju to help Gesar become the king of horse racing. Gesar rode on a horse with extraordinary courage and wisdom, and finally won the throne. At the same time, he married senjanzhum.

From then on, Gesar began to exert his heavenly power, to fight in all directions, to subdue the northern demons who invaded the country, and to subdue dozens of tribes and small countries. After the success of Gesar, he returned to heaven with his mother, Guo mu, and princess senjiang Zhu Mu. Its content covers Tibetan history and culture, folk culture, folk customs, military, values and other aspects. The nomadic life in the grassland can always make people feel those profound historical culture in the primitive simplicity, which leads to deep thinking.

Horse history in Hequ

China's only Hequ horse breeding base

From ancient times to the present

Chinese PinYin : Gan Su Sheng Gan Nan Cang Zu Zi Zhi Zhou Ma Qu Xian He Qu Ma Chang