Muzuo Tibetan Township, Pingwu County, Mianyang City, Sichuan Province

Muzuo Tibetan Township

Muzuo Tibetan township is under the jurisdiction of Pingwu County. It was established in 1952, changed into a commune in 1958, and established in 1984. It is located in the northeast of the county, bordering Gansu Province. It is 22 kilometers away from the county, covering an area of 452.51 square kilometers, with a population of 1203 (2017). Agricultural production of corn, wheat, potatoes, oats, buckwheat. Forest and animal husbandry resources are abundant. Specialty lacquer, walnut, honey.

Evolution of organizational system

Nazo and woodwork

Today's Muzuo Tibetan Township and Mupi Tibetan township are known as huoxigou (huoxigou Fandi before the democratic reform) since ancient times, belonging to the great white bear tribe. The name of Muzuo in Baima Tibetan is "Nazo", and it is recorded as "Muzuo" in longan Fu Zhi of Daoguang edition of Qing Dynasty. Therefore, the title of "Muzuo" has evolved from the combination of its own national voice and official historical records.

Organizational system:

In the late Song Dynasty, Muzuo was under the jurisdiction of Baimazhai, the chief executive of sanzhai, Longzhou. Until 1566, Muzuo was under the jurisdiction of Wang's Tusi, the chief executive of Longzhou. Since then, Muzuo was under the unified control of Tusi in military affairs, and directly under the jurisdiction of Tusi in civil affairs.

In the Qing Dynasty, huoxigoufandi once implemented the village system. Because Mupi and Muzuo belonged to the same administrative system for a long time, there were buxiali, wucunli, mangaoli, shuishuili, Nanyili, Ziyili, muzuoli and other village names that can be confirmed today. However, the system of Tusi, fanguan and TouRen was still carried out in the village.

In the 29th year of the Republic of China (1940), the township system was set up together with Mupi Township and renamed Xinmin Township. The government of the Republic of China completely abolished the system of chief secretary, Tusi, tutongtan, tuzhishi, fanguan and TouRen, and implemented the rule of Baojia, and appointed foreign Han people as the township and Baochang.

In June 1950, the northern Sichuan administrative office instructed that the tribal system could be restored in accordance with the original practice in Pingwu Tibetan residential area, and ordered the local governor to file a lawsuit to prepare for the establishment of Pingwu Tibetan Autonomous Region. On July 31 of this year, the Pingwu Tibetan Autonomous Committee was established in the former site of the longan Government Office (now Pingwu vocational high school), and Mu Niuniu, the official of huoxigou, was elected as a member of the Committee.

In April 1952, the Tibetan working group in northern Sichuan set up a pilot project to separate the Muzuo tribe from the great white bear tribe, and set up Muzuo Township separately.

In October 1956, the people's Committee of the county approved the transformation of six townships including Muzuo into ethnic townships, elected government members to form the people's Government of the township, and at the end of the year, changed the people's Government of the township into the people's Committee of the township.

In October 1959, Muzuo people's commune was established.

In May 1962, it was changed to Muzuo Tibetan township.

In October 1968, Muzuo people's commune was rebuilt.

In September 1981, it was renamed Muzuo Tibetan people's commune.

In March 1984, it was still renamed Muzuo Tibetan Township, and its organizational system has not changed since then.

geographical position

Location:

Muzuo Tibetan township is located in the north of Pingwu County. Starting from the estuary of the township government's residence, it goes up the Duobu River Valley to wangbachu, the residence of Baima Tibetan township government, with a highway mileage of 28 km; it goes down the Duobu River Valley to mupiba, the residence of Mupi Tibetan township government, for 9 km; it goes out of the Duobu River Valley, and then goes down the Fujiang River Valley to chenglong'an Town, Pingwu County, for 19 km.

Village boundary:

Muzuo Tibetan township is adjacent to Gaocun Township and Tangjiahe Nature Reserve in Qingchuan County in the East, Mupi Tibetan Township in the south, huangyangguan and Baima Tibetan townships in the west, and liujiaping and shangdanbao townships in Wen County in Gansu Province in the north.

Area, population:

The township covers an area of 452.51 square kilometers. It governs three administrative villages, including ethnic villages, Heping villages and Xinyi villages, and 13 villager groups (including ethnic villages). The total population is 1203 (2017).

administrative division

Original administrative division:

In history, Muzuo belonged to Yidi for a long time and belonged to Tusi. The chieftain of the Wang family carried out the system of fanguan and TouRen in the areas under his jurisdiction, and set up fanguan districts, and set up TouRen in each village to manage the ethnic minorities. At that time, the great white bear tribe had 13 stockaded villages. The huoxigou tribe in Muzuo had 6 stockaded villages, namely, Mugua village, Chaozhi village, Majia village, Tuquan village, Xila village and Muzuo Village (the other 7 stockaded villages were under the jurisdiction of baixiongguan tribe in Mupi).

The present administrative division is as follows:

After December 1949, the change of Muzuo administrative region was basically synchronous with other areas in the county (except for a few periods of time). At present, the township is under the jurisdiction of three villagers' committees, namely ethnic, Heping and Xinyi, and 13 villagers' groups. Among them, the ethnic villagers' committee lives in muzozhaizi and governs 3 villagers' groups; the Heping villagers' committee lives in Hekou and governs 5 villagers' groups; the Xinyi villagers' committee lives in Xinyi and governs 5 villagers' groups.

Muzuo Tibetan Township passes through Nanping Luzhou provincial road. It has jurisdiction over three village committees: National Committee, Heping Committee and Xinyi Committee.

geographical environment

terrain:

The overall terrain of the township is high in the northwest and low in the southeast. It slopes from the northwest to the southeast. The high mountains and valleys in the township are the characteristics of the terrain of the township. Therefore, they all belong to the high mountains and valleys. In the territory of Chongshan ups and downs, deep canyon, forming a vertical distribution from high mountains to valley terrain.

Altitude:

The lowest altitude of the township is 1150 meters, the highest is at zuozuoding, 4166 meters above sea level, and the estuary of the Township People's government is 1800 meters above sea level.

rivers:

In addition to a small number of river valleys, the rest of the township are mostly mountainous areas with an altitude of more than 2100 meters. The whole valley is deep and narrow. Affected by rainfall, snowfall and water erosion, the riverbed gradient is large, forming a large drop and multi-level development of water energy resources. There are many rivers and gullies in the area, most of which belong to the regional water system of Duobu River, the first tributary of Fujiang River. A small number of tributaries flow into the water area of Huangyang Tibetan Township, Gaocun Township, Qingchuan county and Wenxian County of Gansu Province from the ridge watershed. The Duobu River, which originates from dawodang and zhugencha in Pingwu Wanglang National Nature Reserve, is a main stream in the mountains on the east side of the Minshan ridge. It flows southeast through Baima Tibetan Township, and then flows into Muzuo Township from Ziyili diaoli rock in Muzuo township. It runs through the valley of the township for 28 km, and then flows into panyangyan and shuiquanguan from north to south Mupi Tibetan township. Duobu River, which flows through the rural area, is the main stream with the largest flow and the richest hydropower resources in the township. It has been invested and developed by Huaneng Fujiang company in 2001 to build the largest gas electric power station in Asia with four levels of one reservoir. It is planned to put into operation in December 2008. There are 12 rivers in the township, including Xinyigou, muguaxi, Heishuigou, Renjiagou, yizigou, zhuyegou, diezigou, badonggou, ziyiligou, Gangou, chaiguligou and nanyiligou. Among them, Xinyigou, muguaxi and Heishuigou flow more than 10km, forming an important tributary of Duobu River in the township. The drainage area accounts for 80% of the total area of the township, especially Xinyigou, maoguaxi and Heishuigou Heishuigou and papaya streams have large water resources. Due to the objective needs of protecting the ecological environment and promoting the development of tourism, the area along the river is still in the original state of green mountains and beautiful waters.

Climate:

Hekou, where the Township People's government is located, has an annual average temperature of 12.7 ℃ and a frost free period of 210 days. It is relatively cold in winter due to the influence of the cold air flow in the valley, but it is not very hot in summer, with four distinct seasons and relatively mild climate. The vast majority of the valley belongs to the mountain subtropical climate, and a few areas belong to the warm temperate mountain climate. Along the two sides of the valley, with the increase of altitude, the climate gradually becomes cold in a vertical state. There is abundant rainfall in the whole Township, rainy in summer and snowy in winter, but the distribution is uneven. There is drought in spring and summer on the sunny hillside, and frost in early spring will bring harm to crops in some alpine villages. The village is located in a high mountain gorge. The valley is windy all the year round. It is cool in summer and cooler in winter. The high mountain is affected by the altitude and the temperature is low. In terms of climate characteristics, it has the three-dimensional climate characteristics of "ten li different days".

nation

National History

Historically, Muzuo Tibetan Township, Baima Tibetan Township, Mupi Tibetan Township and huangyangguan Tibetan township have always been a unified administrative unit and economic region. The four townships belong to the hereditary territory of Wang's Chieftain family. In particular, the relationship between Muzuo and Mupi was more close. In history, they were under the direct jurisdiction of Tongtan chieftain for a long time, forming a characteristic huoxigou Fandi. The gathering place of Baima Tibetan and huangyangguan is traditionally called "Baima road". It was not until 1952 that Muzuo was separated from the big white bear tribe of Mupi because of the need of the people's Government of the Tibetan Autonomous Region in Pingwu County.

The ethnic minorities in Muzuo are of the same ethnic group as those in Mupi, Baima and huangyangguan, which is commonly known as Baima Tibetan. They belong to the same blood relationship and have very close ties in all aspects. They have long insisted on intermarriage and become a de facto family. With the change of the times and the development of the society, because of marriage moved to the Han and other ethnic minorities, but Baima Tibetan is still the main body of the villagers.

Ethnic distribution

In the region and terrain of ethnic distribution, Muzuo Tibetan township is located at the junction of baimalou ethnic community and baixiongguan ethnic community. In history, baixiongguan tribe has been in charge of huoxigou tribe in Muzuo and baixiongguan tribe in Mupi. Baima Tibetans in the tribe mostly live in Zhaizi as a natural village. They live in relatively fixed Zhaizi with few sporadic households. Each Zhaizi has different families. Through the mutual marriage between Zhaizi and families, they form a family in essence. Therefore, there has always been the marriage relationship between Baima and Mupi in Muzuo township. Through generations of reproduction, they have the characteristics of Baima and Mupi The kinship of Mupi Tibetans has existed in many families.

The sources of Baima Tibetans in Muzuo include

Chinese PinYin : Si Chuan Sheng Mian Yang Shi Ping Wu Xian Mu Zuo Cang Zu Xiang