Pianguan County, Xinzhou City, Shanxi Province

Pianguan county is a county under the jurisdiction of Xinzhou City, Shanxi Province. Pianguan county was called Linhu in ancient times, piantouguan and piantouzhai in the beginning, piantouzhai in the Five Dynasties, piantouguan in the Yuan Dynasty and pianguanxian in the Qing Dynasty.

Pianguan county is located in the northwest border of Shanxi Province, where the Yellow River flows into Shanxi Province from the south. It borders Qingshuihe County of Inner Mongolia on the north by the Great Wall, Zhungeer banner of Inner Mongolia across the river on the west by the Yellow River, Hequ and Wuzhai counties on the south, Shenchi and Shuozhou counties (cities) on the East. The county is 60 kilometers long from east to west and 58 kilometers wide from north to south, with a total area of 1685.4 square kilometers and a total population of 110000 (2004).

Piantouguan, together with ningwuguan and Yanmen Guan, is the first of the three passes outside the Great Wall in Ming Dynasty. Piantouguan is the "Pingfan of Shanxi" and the "key of northern Shanxi".

On September 25, 2018, it won the honorary title of "2018 e-commerce into rural comprehensive demonstration county" of the Ministry of Commerce. On February 27, 2020, with the approval of Shanxi provincial government, Pianguan County withdrew from poverty-stricken counties.

Historical evolution

The origin of the name

The origin of Pianguan County, according to the records in the book of diseases of prefectures and countries under the heaven, "Piantou Pass connects Yajiao mountain in the East and the Yellow River in the West. It is only separated from Taolu by one water, and its land lies to the East and to the west, so it is named." According to Pianguan county annals, the city is close to piantouguan, and the county is named after it.

Evolution of organizational system

In the fourth year of Qianyou (951) of the northern Han Dynasty in the Five Dynasties, Liu Chong established piantouzhai in Han Guangling (a mountain ridge one mile east of pianguancheng) when he became emperor of Jinyang.

In the first year of the northern Han Dynasty (957), Liu Jun, the king of the northern Han Dynasty, built the village on the original site. The village was a high wall with earth ramming. Piantouzhai is close to Shuangfengshan in the East and Guanhe River in the West. "The place controls the northwest, which is the power and public opinion of guarding the city.". Another 20 miles west of the Yellow River, Yang Jiye, Yang Yanzhao and Qidan fought in Yanmen and Piantou. It has become a well-known story for generations that the generals of the Yang family came and went in this land, fought in bloody battlefields, and fought in three passes of Wei and Zhen.

Liao County in the east of this home ningbian state, a Southwest recruitment division.

In the third year of Jin Zhenglong's reign (1158), ningbian county was established as the state government. It was abolished in 1338. Ming Chenghua two years (1466) set piantouguan thousand households, governance now Chengguan, belongs to Taiyuan. Yongzheng 13 years (1735) Sheng Pianguan County, Ningwu. In the early years of the Republic of China, it belonged to Yanmen Road, and after the road was abandoned, it directly belonged to the province.

In the third year of Dade (1299) of the Yuan Dynasty, piantouzhai was promoted to piantouguan, and the Privy Council, the general of WuJie, was appointed to guard this pass. From then on, Ningwu pass and Yanmen pass were called the three passes outside the Great Wall. In July of the 24th year of Emperor Shun's reign (1364), Wei Saiyin, the right Prime Minister of Henan Province, did not move to piantouguan.

In the Ming Dynasty, the Great Wall was defended by nine important towns. Taiyuan town, also known as Shanxi town, was stationed at piantouguan. The Great Wall under its jurisdiction started from Baode in the West and reached huangyuling in the East (now Heshun County, Shanxi Province), with a total length of 800 kilometers. In Pianguan, there are six great walls, plus the great wall of the Northern Wei Dynasty and the great wall of the Northern Qi Dynasty, with a total length of 500 kilometers.

In 1949, it belonged to Xingxian district. In 1952, it belonged to Xin county. It was abandoned in Hequ County in 1958. In 1960, it was restored to the north of Shanxi Province. In 1961, it returned to Xin county. In 1967, it belonged to Xin county. In 1983, it belonged to Xinzhou area. In 2000, it was a prefecture level Xinzhou City. In 2000, it belonged to Xinzhou City.

In 1997, Pianguan County governed 4 towns and 11 townships: Chengguan Town, Laoying Town, tianfengping Town, Wanjiazhai Town, Shuiquan Town, chenjiaying Township, Lougou Township, nanbaozi Township, yaotou Township, majianian Township, huanglongchi Township, jiaoerlong Township, Shangyu Township, caojiacun Township and dashilang township. The county government is located in Chengguan town.

According to the fifth census in 2000, the total population of Pianguan county is 112324, including 37595 in Chengguan Town, 9083 in tianfengping Town, 7069 in Laoying Town, 6346 in Wanjiazhai Town, 9004 in yaotou Township, 3541 in dashiwa Township, 6006 in Lougou Township, 3951 in caojiacun Township, 4651 in Shangyu Township, 4773 in nanbaozi Township, 1210 in jiaoernian Township, 5173 in Shuiquan Township, 7055 in chenjiaying Township and 7055 in majianian township There are 2373 people in huanglongchi Township and 4494 people in huanglongchi township.

After the zoning adjustment in 2001, the county governs 4 towns and 6 townships: Xinguan Town, tianfengping Town, Laoying Town, Wanjiazhai Town, yaotou Town, Lougou Town, Shangyu Town, nanbaozi Town, Shuiquan town and chenjiaying town. The county government is located in Xinguan town.

administrative division

Pianguan county is under the jurisdiction of Xinzhou City. In 2019, it has jurisdiction over 5 towns and 5 townships, covering an area of 1685.4 square kilometers and a population of 100000. The county government is located in Xinguan town.

Xinguan county government resident. Chengguan town was set up in 1958, the commune was changed in 1961, and the town was restored in 1984. It covers an area of 94.7 square kilometers and has a population of 14000. It passes through Gushui highway and pingwan highway. It has jurisdiction over 38 administrative villages. Longgang temple, bell and Drum Tower and Wenbi tower are provincial cultural relics protection sites. Majianian Township belongs to the Great Wall commune in 1958. It was established in 1961 and established in 1984. Located in the north of the county, 15 kilometers away from the county. With an area of 84.9 square kilometers and a population of 3000, it has jurisdiction over nine administrative villages. After the zoning adjustment in 2001, Chengguan town and majianian Township were merged into Xinguan town.

Laoying town belonged to upstream commune in 1959, set up Laoying commune in 1961 and set up town in 1984. Located in the east of the county, 40 kilometers away from the county. It covers an area of 125.5 square kilometers and has a population of 5000. It passes through Ping (Lu) and WAN (Jiazhai) National third-class Yellow River Diversion highway. It governs 12 administrative villages. Jiaoerlong Township belonged to upstream commune in 1959. Jiaoerlong commune was set up in 1962 and established in 1984. Located in the northeast of the county, 45 kilometers away from the county. With an area of 86 square kilometers and a population of 2000, it governs nine administrative villages. After the zoning adjustment in 2001, majianian township was merged into Laoying town.

Tianfengping town belongs to Chengguan town in 1958, tianfengping commune was set up in 1961, and tianfengping town was set up in 1984. Located in the west of the county, the East Bank of the Yellow River, 10 kilometers away from the county. It covers an area of 65.3 square kilometers and has a population of 9000. It passes by the river side highway. Guanhekou, heidoulong, Sigou three yellow river ferry, water transport through the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. It has jurisdiction over 16 administrative villages. There are great temples in Sigou.

Wanjiazhai town belonged to Huanghe commune in 1958, Wanjiazhai commune in 1960, Wanjiazhai Township in 1984 and Wanjiazhai town in 1994. Located in the northwest of the county, 25 kilometers away from the county. It covers an area of 87.7 square kilometers and has a population of 3000. It passes through Ping (Lu) Wan (Jiazhai) highway. There are laoniuwan, Wanjiazhai Yellow River ferry two, traffic is more convenient. It has jurisdiction over 10 administrative villages. Huanglongchi Township belonged to Huanghe commune in 1958, huanglongchi commune was established in 1961, and huanglongchi township was established in 1984. Located in the north of the county, 25 kilometers away from the county. With an area of 125 square kilometers and a population of 4000, it governs 10 administrative villages. Caoduoshanbao is the gateway of transmitting beacon fire in ancient times. After the division adjustment in 2001, huanglongchi township was merged into Wanjiazhai town.

Shuiquan town belonged to the Great Wall commune in 1959. It was established in 1961 and the township was established in 1984. Located in the northeast of the county, 40 kilometers away from the county. It covers an area of 129.5 square kilometers and has a population of 5000 people. It passes by Pian (Guan) Hu (hehaote) highway. Jurisdiction Shuiquan, Nanhaizi, gongjiabei, mailaopo, qijiaping, chijiata, gaomao, Liujiazui, baicaoping, zhanglinggou, dalianzhuangwo 11 administrative villages. The Red Gate of the Great Wall in Ming Dynasty was a frontier pass at that time. In 2019, Shuiquan town will be established.

Chenjiaying township was a five-star commune in 1958. Chenjiaying commune was set up in 1961 and established in 1984. Located in the east of the county, 20 kilometers away from the county. It covers an area of 106.9 square kilometers and has a population of 7000. It passes through Gushui highway and pingwan highway. Jurisdiction chenjiaying, bazishan, changjiayao, yangjiashan, Tiandan, Liujiayao, Zhangjiashan, xizhuangzi, yinwogou, xinzhuangwo, DUJIAGOU, baliushu, gaojiawan, shigouzi, Mazhan, yangjiaying, youfangtou, Heishan, liushuzhuangwo, huangjiaying, yanjiabei, Qujiawan 22 administrative villages. There are ancient Buddha Caves in Camel Mountain.

Lougou Township belongs to Xianfeng commune in 1958, which was established in 1961 and established in 1984. Located in the south of the county, 20 kilometers away from the county. It covers an area of 134 square kilometers and has a population of 6000. It passes through Gushui highway. It has jurisdiction over 24 administrative villages. The scenic spots include Yixi karst cave and Wucheng Neolithic site. Caojiacun Township belongs to Xianfeng commune in 1958. Caojiacun commune was established in 1961 and established in 1984. Located in the southeast of the county, 25 kilometers away from the county. With an area of 133.9 square kilometers and a population of 4000, it governs 21 administrative villages. In 2001, caojiacun township was merged into Lougou township.

Nanbaozi commune was established in 1959 and the township was established in 1984. Located in the east of the county, 45 kilometers away from the county. With an area of 136.7 square kilometers and a population of 5000, it governs 17 administrative villages.

Yaotou commune was established in 1961 and township was established in 1984. Located in the east of the county, 4 kilometers away from the county. It covers an area of 70.6 square kilometers and has a population of 9000. It passes through Gushui highway and pingwan highway. It governs 21 administrative villages. Dashicheng township was a pioneer commune in 1958, which was established in 1961 and established in 1984. Located in the southwest of the county, 15 kilometers away from the county. It covers an area of 79 square kilometers and has a population of 3000. It governs 12 administrative villages, namely dashihao, Shalong, xiaoshihao, hanchanggou, Guangming, lunfengliang, yanjiawa, gaomaoliang, Tianwa, huangshuping, huojiagou and changzui

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