Liquan County, Xianyang City, Shaanxi Province

Liquan County, belonging to Xianyang City, Shaanxi Province, is located in the middle of Guanzhong Plain, adjacent to Jingyang in the East, Qianxian in the west, Xingping and Xianyang in the south, Chunhua and Yongshou in the north. It is between 108 ° 17 ′ 40 ″ - 108 ° 41 ′ 46 ″ E and 34 ° 20 ′ 50 ″ - 34 ° 50 ′ 02 ″ n with a total area of 1018 square kilometers.

Liquan county has been established for more than 2200 years, with 21 ancient cultural sites and 5 ancient buildings. It is one of the 18 major cultural relics tourism counties in Shaanxi Province. The Zhaoling Mausoleum of Li Shimin, Emperor Taizong of Tang Dynasty, covers an area of 300000 mu, with 209 accompanying tombs. It is the largest royal mausoleum in the world. There are more than 8000 cultural relics in Zhaoling Museum, and the six heroes of Zhaoling are famous at home and abroad.

In 2019, Liquan county has one street and 11 towns under its jurisdiction, with a permanent resident population of 45377 thousand, achieving a GDP of 15.35 billion yuan. From the perspective of the three industrial structures, the added value of the primary industry is 4.99 billion yuan, the added value of the secondary industry is 3.99 billion yuan, and the added value of the tertiary industry is 6.37 billion yuan. The proportion of the three industries is 32.5:26.0:41.5.

Historical evolution

The origin of place names

In the 18th year of kaihuang reign of Sui Dynasty (598), it was renamed as Liquan county because of the existence of Liquan in the county, which tastes like Li.

"Etymology" said: "Li, also wine, brew one night, there is only wine flavor." "Liquan is sweet as Liquan." Therefore, there is a saying that "the sky drops sweet dew, and the earth springs out of Liquan".

"Yuanhe county annals" Volume 1 Jingzhao Prefecture Liquan County: "to the county boundary (after) Zhou Liquan palace, because that name."

In general annals of Shaanxi by Kangxi of Qing Dynasty, Volume 3: "Liquan is 30 miles southeast of the county, dozens of steps in a week, unfathomable. When Emperor Xuan of the Han Dynasty came out, it tasted like Li, so it was named. Sui set up the county to take this.

Evolution of organizational system

Liquan, formerly known as Liquan, began as a county name in the Sui Dynasty. In ancient times, the county was called Hanmen. It is said that the place where the yellow emperor ascended to immortality was in Wanli village, Yanxia Town, Liquan.

Jiaohuo was famous in the Western Zhou Dynasty (11th century B.C. - 771 B.C.), and its geographical location was within the capital. It was an important frontier defense area in the north of the capital of the Zhou Dynasty.

In the spring and Autumn period (770-476 BC), Jiao Huo was subordinate to the Qin Dynasty.

In the Warring States period (475-221 BC), the Qin Dynasty changed Jiao into gukou County, which was subordinate to the internal history.

In the Qin Dynasty (221-207 BC), the county was named gukou county because it was located at the mouth of Jingshui mountain. The area under its jurisdiction is now Liquan county.

In the Western Han Dynasty (206-8 BC), gukou county was now Liquan county.

Xinmang (9-23 years), Tianfeng second year (15 years), changed gukou county to gukou County, the jurisdiction is now Liquan county.

In the Eastern Han Dynasty (25-220), gukou county was abandoned and Yunyang County was established.

Wei (220-265) of the Three Kingdoms period, when Sima Yi comforted Guanzhong, the Fuyi garrison was set up in Yunyang County. Today, the northern part of Liquan county is under this jurisdiction, and the southern part is under meiyang county.

In the Western Jin Dynasty (265-316), the southern part of the county is haochou County, and the northern part is Chiyang county.

In the former Zhao Dynasty (304-329), the Western Jin Dynasty abolished the Cao Wei Fuyi garrison, and the former Zhao Dynasty was restored. Today, the northern part of Liquan county is under this jurisdiction, and the southern part is under haochou county.

In the later Zhao Dynasty (319-349), the northern part of the county belongs to the Fuyi garrison, and the southern part belongs to haochou county.

In the former Qin Dynasty (351-394), the northern part of the county belongs to Fuyi garrison, and the southern part belongs to Haowan county.

In the later Qin Dynasty (384-417), the northern part of the county belongs to the Fuyi garrison, and the southern part belongs to haochou county.

In the Northern Wei Dynasty (386-534), the Qin Fuyi garrison was abandoned. In the first year of Taiyan (435) of the Northern Wei Dynasty, it was divided into Chiyang county and Ningyi county.

In the Western Wei Dynasty (535-557), Ningyi county was located in the eastern part of the county. In 538, Ganquan County was established in Ningyi county (named after Ganquan mountain in the north of the county), and its jurisdiction is in the north of the county. In the same year, it was divided into Ningyi county and xinchou County, which is located in the south of today's county. In the same year, it was divided into Xianyang county and Ningyi county. In 554, it was renamed Qin County, and its administrative office was located in Ningyi and ling3 counties.

In the Northern Zhou Dynasty (557-581) and the second year of Emperor Ming Dynasty (558), Ganquan and xinchou counties of Qin County in the Western Wei Dynasty were abolished, and the jurisdiction was merged into Ningyi county. In the second year of Jiande (573), Qin county was abolished, and Ningyi county was changed to Xianyang county. There is Liquan palace in the Northern Zhou Dynasty, and the jurisdiction is now Liquan county.

In the Sui Dynasty (581-618) and the 18th year of kaihuang (598), Ningyi County in the Northern Zhou Dynasty was changed to Liquan county (named after Liquan palace in the county). There are ganquanshui, boshui, langshui, jiugushan and wenxiuling in the county. The area under the jurisdiction is now Liquan county and the east of Qianxian county.

Wenxiu county was established in the Tang Dynasty (618-907) and the first year of Wude (618). According to the records of places of interest in Shaanxi Province, "Wensu mountain is located there. Wensu people in the Han Dynasty attached it to it, where they drank and grazed. In the early Tang Dynasty, Wenxiu county was set up Later, Liquan county was abolished and the jurisdiction was merged into Wenxiu county. In 627, Wenxiu county was abolished. In the tenth year of Zhenguan (636), Zhaoling was built in jiugu mountain, which was divided into Yunyang and Xianyang counties, and Liquan county was rebuilt, belonging to Yongzhou. In July of the second year of Tianshu (691), it belonged to Dingzhou, and in August of the first year of Jiushi (700), it belonged to Yongzhou.

Liang (907-923) in the Five Dynasties. At the beginning of the Later Liang Dynasty, Liquan County belonged to Da'an Prefecture, and it was changed to Qianzhou during the Qianhua period.

In the Tang Dynasty (923-936), Liquan County belonged to Qianzhou, and in the second year of Tongguang (924), it belonged to jingzhaofu.

Jin Dynasty (936-946), Liquan county.

Han Dynasty (947-950), Liquan county.

Zhou, Five Dynasties (951-960), Liquan county.

In the Northern Song Dynasty (960-1127), Liquan county was the second capital. In the early Northern Song Dynasty, it belonged to Jingzhao Prefecture. In March of the eighth year of Zhenghe (1118), it belonged to Lizhou.

Jin (1115-1234), Liquan county.

In the Yuan Dynasty (1271-1368), Liquan county was called Xiaxian county.

In the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644), Liquan County belonged to Qianzhou in the early Ming Dynasty. In November 1559, it belonged to Xi'an Prefecture.

In Qing Dynasty (1644-1911), Liquan county.

In the Republic of China (1912-1949), Liquan county.

After the founding of the people's Republic of China (October 1949), Liquan county was originally under the jurisdiction of Binxian District, Xianyang District in May 1950, Baoji District in January 1953, and provincial jurisdiction in October 1956. In December 1958, Liquan county was abolished and merged into Qian county. In September 1961, Liquan county was reestablished. In September 1964, "Li" was changed to "Li". Since the Tang Dynasty, the jurisdiction has been in the present situation.

administrative division

In 2019, Liquan County governs one street and 11 towns. Liquan County People's Government in Chengguan Street.

geographical environment

Location context

Liquan county is located in the middle of Guanzhong Plain, adjacent to Jingyang in the East, Qianxian in the west, Xingping and Xianyang in the south, Chunhua and Yongshou in the north. It is between 108 ° 17 ′ 40 ″ - 108 ° 41 ′ 46 ″ E and 34 ° 20 ′ 50 ″ - 34 ° 50 ′ 02 ″ n with a total area of 1018 square kilometers.

topographic features

The terrain of Liquan county is high in the northwest and low in the southeast. It falls in a ladder shape, with three landforms: mountain, Tableland and Sichuan. The northern part is a hilly and gully area, with Wufeng mountain (1467 meters above sea level), jiugu mountain, Chaoyang mountain and Fangshan Mountain, etc., stretching from west to East for more than 40 Li, accounting for 34% of the total area of the county. In the northern mountain area, there are another 300000 mu of natural grassland. The area of barren hills, slopes and ditches to be developed is 80000 mu. The soil layer is deep, the light is sufficient, and the temperature difference between day and night is large. It is the best suitable area for apples. The central part is the loess hilly area, with an altitude of 580-850 meters, accounting for 16% of the total area of the county. The southern part is the Loess Plateau area, with an altitude of 450-560 meters, which is the plain land of Sichuan, accounting for 50% of the total area of the county.

Climatic characteristics

Liquan county has a warm temperate semi-arid continental monsoon climate, with an average annual temperature of 12.96 ℃, 214 frost free days and an average annual precipitation of 537-546 square millimeters. Four distinct seasons, hot and rainy season, moderate cold and warm.

Water system hydrology

Jinghe River

It flows through the largest river in Liquan county. It originates from Jingyuan County of Ningxia and flows through the northern and northeastern borders of Liquan county. With a total length of 25 km, the river bed is mostly located in deep mountains and valleys, which is difficult to use. After the founding of the people's Republic of China, 17 pumping stations, including Beitun and Linjing, have been built in the East and north of the Jinghe River with a total annual water pumping capacity of 6.2467 million cubic meters.

Ganhe

The second river flowing through Liquan County originates from Gaoquan mountain (commonly known as tankanggou) in Yongshou County, flows into the territory through Qianxian County, with a total length of 30.1km, crosses East and West, and flows into Jinghe River. The annual runoff of Ganhe river is 6.3 million cubic meters. In history, due to the deep riverbed and less flow, the available quantity is very small. Since the founding of the people's Republic of China, two reservoirs have been built in the upstream and middle reaches of the Ganhe River, namely the first reservoir and the second reservoir (also known as the first dam and the second dam).

According to the records of the county annals in the past, there are many rivers and streams originating in the county. However, most of these rivers have no water for a long time, only in rainy season and flood period.

Wave water

A stone spring water, people called the river, the source in Nanfang Town, 30 kilometers away from the county, into the river.

Angushui

It's 15 kilometers north of the county. According to the records of the county annals of the renewal of Liquan, in May of the fourth year of Jiajing in the Ming Dynasty, the water flowed out of the water and flowed into the Ganhe River in the south.

Muddy water

One of them is niquan and Nihe, about 1km to the west of the county, passing through the north of the county and heading to the northeast

Chinese PinYin : Shan Xi Sheng Xian Yang Shi Li Quan Xian