Longhua County, Chengde City, Hebei Province

Longhua County Longhua County is the place where Dong Cunrui, a famous national fighting hero, died bravely. It is located in the middle of Chengde City and the west side of Qilaotu mountain range. It is adjacent to Weichang Manchu and Mongolian Autonomous County and Kalaqin banner, Chifeng City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region in the north and northeast, Shuangluan District, Luanping county and Chengde County in the South and Fengning Manchu Autonomous County in the West. The county government is located at 115 Xingzhou Road, Longhua town.

By the end of 2010, the county had a total area of 5497.30 square kilometers and a population of 372000. It has jurisdiction over 1 Street, 10 towns, 7 townships, 8 ethnic townships, 8 communities and 362 administrative villages. In 2012, he was awarded the title of "hometown of Chinese calligraphy".

Main attractions: Maojingba National Forest Park, Dong Cunrui martyr cemetery, zhangsanying agricultural ecological science and technology sightseeing park, Qijia hot spring, etc.

On February 29, 2020, Longhua County withdrew from the poverty-stricken county sequence and officially lifted its hat.

Historical evolution

Xia Dynasty

In the Xia Dynasty, it was called "Guifang", belonging to Jizhou. According to the cultural relics unearthed in the county, it is speculated that the Aboriginal people living in this area during the Xia Dynasty were mainly Shanrong.

Shang Dynasty and Western Zhou Dynasty

During this period, it was still in the north of Guzhu state. Shanrong people live here and engage in hunting, farming and animal husbandry.

Spring and autumn and Warring States Period

At the beginning of the Warring States period, Longhua belonged to Donghu. Yan general Qin opened the northern expedition to Donghu, Donghu retreated to the north, and the land belonged to Yan. Now the central and eastern part of the county belongs to Yanyou Beiping County, and the Luanhe River in the West belongs to Yuyang county. During the reign of King yanzhao, Donghu sent troops to defeat the state of Yan. In the late Warring States period, Qin Kai led his troops to defeat Donghu and made him retreat thousands of miles to the north. In order to consolidate the northern border, the state of Yan built the Great Wall from Zaoyang (now Huailai area) to Xiangping (now Liaoyang area), and set up Shanggu, Yuyang, youbeiping, Liaoxi, Liaodong and other five counties from west to East. At the same time, it established administrative agencies to carry out effective management. At that time, the county was between Yuyang county and youbeiping County, bounded by the watershed of yimatu River and Luanhe River. Yuyang County in the West and youbeiping County in the East.

Qin Dynasty

After the unification of the six states by the first emperor of Qin Dynasty, Yuyang and youbeiping counties in the former state of Yan still follow the old system and belong to the two counties. Because the Huns retreated to the north, the second area became the interior of Qin Dynasty. At the end of the Qin Dynasty, it was annexed by the Xiongnu national forces. It was a state of rashton and Chanyu, belonging to the left territory of Xiongnu.

The Western Han Dynasty

In the early Western Han Dynasty, it belonged to Zuoxian king of Xiongnu. After Emperor Wu of the Western Han Dynasty defeated Xiongnu, it belonged to the Wuhuan nationality which was united with the Western Han Dynasty at that time. It still belongs to youbeiping county and Yuyang county. In order to prevent the Xiongnu from going south, the city was built in today's Guojiatun sandaoying, Jianfang erdaowanzi, ximiaogongchengzi village and other places. Taking baojiaying Warring States ancient city in the north of Longhua Town as the center, many beacon towers were built to connect with the cities. From the first year of Yuanshou in the Western Han Dynasty (122 BC) to the beginning of the Eastern Han Dynasty (25 AD), the Wuhuan people lived here all the time.

Eastern Han Dynasty

In the early years of the Eastern Han Dynasty, this area was a place where the two nationalities, Wuhuan and Xianbei, who were subject to the Han Dynasty, lived together. After the Eastern Han Dynasty and Emperor Yongyuan (AD 89), Xianbei people lived here. The first year of Yanxi in the Eastern Han Dynasty (158 A.D.) was the central and eastern part of Xianbei. In the ninth year of Yanxi (A.D. 166), the Han emperor sent an envoy to seal Xianbei leader tanshihuai with yinshou as the king. If he wanted to make peace with him, tanshihuai refused to accept it. He divided himself into three parts (East, West and central), each of which was guarded by an adult. From the east of youbeiping to the east of Liaodong, more than 20 cities are in the East, from the west of youbeiping to Shanggu is in the middle, and from the west of Shanggu to Wusu of Dunhuang is in the West. At that time, Longhua was in the middle and east of Xianbei.

three countries

During this period, Longhua became the eastern adult territory of Wuhuan and Xianbei. At the end of the Three Kingdoms, the Xianbei forces attached to Tuoba included Yuwen, Murong and Tuoba. In 261 A.D., Tuoba Liwei, the head of Xianbei Suo, sent his son desert Khan to pay tribute to Wei, becoming the official state of Wei.

The Western Jin Dynasty

This is Yuwen's land of Xianbei.

Eastern Jin Dynasty

In the early Eastern Jin Dynasty, it was Xianbei Duan's land. In the fourth year of emperor Xiankang (338 AD), the Murong family annexed the Duan family and became the place of Qianyan. In the sixth year of emperor Mu Yonghe (350 AD), the former Yan Dynasty moved Fangcheng County of Fanyang county to the Warring States old city of baojiaying in the north of Longhua town. After the destruction of Yan in the former Qin Dynasty, it once belonged to Youzhou. After the fifth year of Taihe (370 AD), Sima Yi, the deposed emperor of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, belonged to Pingzhou, Fujian of the former Qin Dynasty. In 384 ad, after murongchui's restoration, it belonged to Houyan. In the fifth year of emperor an's reign of Yixi (409 AD), it was transferred to fengba of Beiyan.

The southern and Northern Dynasties

In the first year of Yanhe in the Northern Wei Dynasty (432 AD), Emperor Taiwu tuobatao conquered Beiyan and set up Yizhou in the North Tuchengzi of Longhua town. He led Anle, Miyun and Guangyang counties, and was also the seat of yanle county. In 441 ad, Yizhou was changed into Guangyang county. Anzhou was established in the second year of emperor Xianwen's reign (468 AD). In 534 A.D., the first year of Tianping, Emperor Xiaojing of the Eastern Wei Dynasty, Anzhou was abandoned in the Northern Wei Dynasty and changed to the residence of Kumoxi. In 552 A.D., Emperor Wenxuan Gao Yang returned to Anzhou. The residents living in this area are mainly Xianbei and Xi. From 497 to 555 ad, Anzhou was a place where Xianbei, Xi, Han, Turk and other nationalities lived together.

Sui Dynasty

In order to submit to the residence of Kumoxi in Sui Dynasty, Kumoxi was renamed Xi, and the local counties and prefectures were abolished.

Tang dynasty

After the unification of the Tang Dynasty, this place belonged to Rao Le Dudu Fu, which was subordinate to Yingzhou. Xi nationality still lived here. During the reign of Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty, dozens of tribes, such as Xi, defected from the East Turks and attached themselves to the Tang Dynasty. In the 22nd year of Zhenguan (648 AD), Xi Shuai Kedu was attached to the Tang Dynasty. In the Tang Dynasty, Rao Ledu Dufu was set up in Xi, and King Xi was granted the name of Li Xianqing, which belongs to Longhua.

Five Dynasties

During this period, Longhua was under the jurisdiction of the Khitan regime.

Liao Dynasty

After conquering the Xi people, Yelv abaoji, the Khitan Lord, became emperor in the first year of Shence (916 AD) and established the Khitan regime. At that time, Longhua belonged to Khitan. During the reign of emperor Shengzong of Liao Dynasty, Han people from all over jiyouzhou captured in the war were moved to the old city of Anzhou, which belongs to Zhongjing Road. Today, Longhua is the seat of beianzhou, Zhongjing Road.

gold

During this period, Longhua became the capital of Xingzhou, Xinghua County and Limin county. In the sixth year of Tianfu (1122 AD), Jin general Wanyan Zonghan conquered Anzhou in northern Liaoning. The Jin Dynasty abandoned Beian Prefecture and preserved it in Xinghua County. Later, Xingzhou was established, belonging to Beijing road.

element

In the 10th year of Mongolian Taizu (1215 AD), Shi Tianxiang was sent to discuss Xingzhou. Xingzhou entered Mongolia. After the founding of the Yuan Dynasty, it was the place of Xingzhou in Shangdu road.

Ming and Qing Dynasties

During the Ming Dynasty, it was a place of five guards in Xingzhou, and later a Mongolian Nomadic land. In the second year of Hongwu of Ming Dynasty (1369 AD), Chang Yuchun, the Deputy General of Ming Dynasty, attacked Daxing Prefecture, defeated yuan garrison, and set up five guards of Xingzhou, which belongs to Yongping Prefecture. In the fourth year of Hongwu (1371 A.D.), the counties north of Yanshan were abandoned in the Ming Dynasty, which were put under the jurisdiction of nuoyinwei in Mongolia, and Xingzhou was changed into Wuwei. In the early years of Yongle, the five health centers of Xingzhou moved southward and moved the local residents to the south of Yanshan, which became an uninhabited military forbidden area. With the gradual southward withdrawal of Ming forces, Longhua became a Mongolian Nomadic area.

In the early Qing Dynasty, it was the capital. In the 45th year of Kangxi reign (1706 AD), the governor yamen was built in Sanying of Tang Dynasty. In the first year of Yongzheng (1723 AD), Rehe hall was set up. Yongzheng ten years (AD 1732), the establishment of the Baltic River tunxie Tang Sanying garrison. Yongzheng 11 years (AD 1733), home Chengde Zhili Prefecture, Longhua are subject to its jurisdiction. In the first year of Qianlong (1736 AD), the four banners hall was built in Tuchengzi (now Fengshan Town, Fengning). The inspection department of boluohetun was set up as the blue flag land of Chahar. Guojiatun inspection department was set up as the white flag of Chahar. In the seventh year of Qianlong reign (1742 AD), it was still Rehe hall. In addition, an inspection department was set up in zhangsanying, which belongs to Rehe council office. In 1778, Rehe hall was changed into Chengde Prefecture, and four banners hall into Fengning County. Most of Longhua County belonged to Fengning County, while zhangsanying inspection department belonged to Chengde Prefecture. When Longhua County was established in 1910, the two hundred brands under the jurisdiction of bolohetun and Guojiatun Inspection Department of Fengning County and Sanbao 24jia under the jurisdiction of zhangsanying Inspection Department of Chengde prefecture were designated as Longhua County, and the county was governed by Sanying of Tang Dynasty.

The period of warlords' scuffle (1912-1932)

In the first year of the Republic of China (1912), the old system was still in place. In the second year of the Republic of China (1913), Rehe special area was set up. In the third year of the Republic of China (1914), Rehe river was set up, "under the jurisdiction of the capital, fifteen counties and one county in Longhua.".

In 1916, the county office moved from tangsanying to huanggutun. After Yuan Shikai's death, the Northern Warlords were divided into Zhi, Feng and WAN, and the whole Rehe was ruled by the Zhi warlords headed by Feng Guozhang. In 1922, the first Zhifeng war broke out and Fengxi was defeated. Longhua was still ruled by Zhixi warlords. In September 1924, Fengjun won the second Zhifeng war and Longhua was occupied by Fengjun. In 1925, song Zheyuan of Feng Yuxiang's Department occupied Rehe, which became the place controlled by the direct warlords.

Puppet Manchukuo period (March 1933 August 1945)

This period is the puppet regime of Japanese militarism - the period of puppet Manchukuo.

In March 1933, the Japanese invaders invaded Rehe. Soon, the whole territory of Longhua was occupied by the Japanese. The local gentry formed a pseudo national maintenance association to temporarily manage the county affairs of Longhua. In April, the puppet County Office was established. Longhua is one of 21 counties in Rehe province.

During the war of Liberation (August 1945 September 1949)

The 34th year of the Republic of China (1945)

Chinese PinYin : He Bei Sheng Cheng De Shi Long Hua Xian