Zhu Qianzhi

Zhu Qianzhi

Zhu Qianzhi (1899-1972), born in Fujian. He is a famous contemporary Chinese philosopher, philosophy historian, Orientalist, culturologist, religionist, Chinese and foreign ideological and cultural comparator. He was born into a medical family for generations, and his parents died when he was young. He was raised by his aunt. At the beginning of the Republic of China, he studied in the provincial No.1 middle school, and was familiar with the classics and history. He wrote his own "ancient Chinese history" and published "on hero worship" and other pamphlets, so he was well-known in the countryside. In 1929, he went to Japan to study historical philosophy. After returning to China, he became a professor of Jinan University. Since 1932, he has worked in Sun Yat sen University. He once served as the director of the Department of history, the director of the Department of philosophy and the dean of literature of Sun Yat sen University. In 1950, he was transferred to the Department of philosophy of Peking University as a professor. In 1964, he was transferred to the Institute of world religions, Department of philosophy and Social Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences as a researcher.

Profile

Zhu Qianzhi (1899-1972), a native of Fuzhou City, Fujian Province. He is a famous historian, philosopher and Orientalist in contemporary China. He entered the Department of philosophy of Peking University in 1916. In 1921, he studied Buddhism in Douli temple in Hangzhou. He was a lecturer in Xiamen University in 1923. From 1924 to 1928, he lived in the West Lake of Hangzhou and devoted himself to writing. In 1929, he went to Japan to study philosophy. He returned to China in 1932. From 1932 to 1951, he successively served as professor of Sun Yat sen University, director of philosophy department, director of history department, Dean of College of Arts and Dean of Literature Research Institute of Sun Yat sen University. He was professor of Philosophy Department of Peking University in 1952. In 1964, he was a researcher in the Department of philosophy and social sciences of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.

Zhu Qianzhi's main works include the influence of Chinese philosophy on Europe, Chinese Nestorianism and so on.

Life of the characters

Seeking a career as a student

Zhu Qianzhi's parents died when he was young and was brought up by his aunt. At the beginning of the Republic of China, he studied in the provincial No.1 middle school, and was familiar with the classics and history. He wrote his own "ancient Chinese history" and published "on hero worship" and other pamphlets, so he was well-known in the countryside. He graduated from middle school at the age of 17 and was admitted to Beijing Normal University (the predecessor of Beijing Normal University). After arriving in Beijing, Zhu Qianzhi changed to study in the law preparatory course of Peking University. After two years, he transferred to the Philosophy Department of Peking University until he graduated. At that time, Peking University was presided over by Cai Yuanpei. The academic atmosphere was relatively free, and Zhu Qianzhi was deeply influenced. He is active in thought, concerned about the future of the country, diligent in study, and has laid a solid foundation. He listened to famous teachers and read Chinese and foreign philosophy and culture books. At that time, Li Dazhao, the director of the library, worried that Zhu Qianzhi would finish reading the social science books in the library. "I often discuss anarchism and its possibility in China with a student of Peking University named Zhu Qianzhi," Snow said in his "journey to the west" when he was a library assistant at Peking University Zhu Zaifa expected to publish "a general account of the scholars of Zhou and Qin Dynasties" and "a new picture of Taiji".

the May 4th Movement

With the rise of the May 4th Movement in 1919, Zhu Qianzhi took part in the demonstration of Beijing students with passion, and took part in the work of Peking University Students weekly and struggle magazine, which were influential at that time. He wrote articles to attack the current situation and put forward various ideas for reforming society and education. In his opinion, study for learning, do not want a diploma, even do not participate in the graduation examination. He posted a big character newspaper for the first time in Peking University, demanding the abolition of the examination system. In 1920, when China commemorated the May Day on a large scale for the first time, Zhu Qianzhi published the congratulatory speech on the labor day in the student weekly of Peking University. He put forward for the first time "the sacred slogan of the working people, advocating" all things should be returned to the public "and" workers should directly manage the workshops. " In 1920, Zhu Qianzhi was arrested by the warlord authorities for distributing revolutionary leaflets and was jailed for more than 100 days. He was released only after the rescue of students in Beijing and the support from all over the country. After he was released from prison, he wrote revolutionary philosophy (Series 2 of Creation Society), which is full of skepticism and nihilism.

become an author

After his ideal had run into a wall many times in reality, he thought of transforming society by transforming people's minds, so he turned to Buddhism. In 1921 * * Zhu Qianzhi left Beijing to go down to Hangzhou, and he went to the temple in Hangzhou to become a master of Tai Xu. Later, he went to Nanjing's inner academy, and he did not seek advice from famous Buddhist scholar. After the experience of becoming a monk, he thought that Buddhism could not realize his long cherished wish, so he published the poem "anti religion" and declared that he had no relationship with Buddhism. After that, he went back and forth to Beijing, Shanghai and Hangzhou, and lived a life of "wandering, carefree and proud of his romantic career". At this time, he published the philosophy of Wu Yuan and the philosophy of the book of changes. He abandoned the nihilism thought in the past and declared that the universe and life are the flow of Hun's true feelings, and the real life can be realized in the human world. In 1934, Zhu Qianzhi was invited by Xiamen University to take up a teaching post. He wrote a short history of music literature at Xiamen University, which was later expanded to a history of Chinese music literature, and won praise both at home and abroad. After the publication of this book, Nakamura translated it into Japanese (reprinted by Peking University Press in 1989). In 1925, Zhu Qianzhi resigned from Xiamen University and lived in seclusion at the foot of Geling mountain in the West Lake. He devoted himself to the former residence of Lin Fu (Hejing), a poet of the Song Dynasty. He published the famous philosophy of history, wrote the Great Harmony communism, the national revolution and the Great Harmony of the world, the road to great harmony and so on. He publicized the utopian political and social ideal of Confucianism in the way of the reform of the system, and pinned his hope on the left wing of the Kuomintang headed by Sun Yat Sen. He went to Guangzhou, served as a political instructor in Huangpu Military Academy, and engaged in the revolutionary movement of workers and peasants. He made many speeches calling for the "great union of agriculture and industry" and advocating revolution.

Historical Studies

In 1928, not long after Zhu returned to Hangzhou, his wife Yang Molei died of illness, which hit him hard. Then he went to Guangzhou and Shanghai to discuss poetry and Fu with Hu yepin, Ding Ling, Shen Congwen and so on. In 1929, Zhu Qianzhi was funded by Academia Sinica and went to Japan to study for two years, concentrating on the study of historical philosophy. In Japan, he first came into contact with Marxist dialectical materialism and historical materialism. He studied Marxism as a social theory. After returning to China in 1931, he became a professor of Jinan University. He edited the series of historical philosophy in Jinan University, and wrote Hegelianism and kongdenism, outline of historical philosophy, etc. From 1932 to the liberation of Guangzhou, Zhu Qianzhi has been a professor in Sun Yat sen University. He has successively served as the director of the Department of history, the director of the Department of philosophy, the dean of the College of Arts, the director of the Institute of Arts and the director of the Department of history. This period was the peak of his academic career, and he wrote a lot of works, including outline of historical philosophy, philosophy of culture, historical philosophy of Comte, historical philosophy of Hegel, influence of Chinese Thought on European culture, textual research of Fusang, history of revolutionary culture of Taiping, etc. In 1935, he married his student he Jiangyun. During the Anti Japanese period, he went through all kinds of difficulties and dangers and was always diligent in his duty. In order to meet the needs of the Anti Japanese War, he vigorously advocated the "Southern Cultural Movement" and the "Modern Literature Movement"; he funded the preparation of "modern historiography" to promote the "examination of the present" in historical research. Guangzhou was liberated in October 1949. He actively participated in various political and teaching activities in Sun Yat sen University. In 1952, he returned to his alma mater to teach and study the history of Chinese philosophy. From 1952 to 1964, he successively completed a large number of monographs and papers, such as the syllabus of dialectical materialism and historical materialism, the compendium of the history of Chinese philosophy, the historical materials of the history of Chinese philosophy, the philosophy of Laozi, the proofreading and interpretation of Laozi, Li He, the influence of Chinese philosophy on Europe, the influence of ancient Chinese music on Greece, the textual research of Wang Chong's works, and the new edition of his own duty Dozens.

Oriental philosophy

After 1958, he transferred to the research of Oriental philosophy and trained postgraduates and young scholars. Since then, he has successively published such works as the history of Japanese philosophy, zhuzixue in Japan, Japanese paleology and yangmingxue, newly compiled collection of Zhu Shunshui, selected materials of Japanese philosophy history (ancient and Tokugawa), etc. in addition, he has also published important papers such as Kong Hai and Chinese literature. From 1964 to 1970, Zhu Qianzhi was transferred to the Research Institute of world religion, Department of philosophy and Social Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and devoted himself to the study of religious studies. By this time, he was seriously ill and bedridden, but he still worked hard to complete the book "Chinese Nestorianism" and translated "the history of Chinese Zen thought" and "the history of Korean Zen education". In 1972, he died of cerebral overflow at the age of 73.

Character evaluation

Zhu Qianzhi's academic attainments have long been evaluated in academic circles. He has made outstanding contributions to the history of Chinese philosophy, the history of Sino foreign relations and Oriental philosophy. He has systematic knowledge of every stage of the history of Chinese philosophy, and has in-depth study of pre Qin philosophers and Modern Enlightenment thinkers. His systematic understanding of the history of Chinese philosophy can be found in his compendium of the history of Chinese Philosophy (6 volumes, about 2 million words) and historical materials of the history of Chinese Philosophy (9 volumes of general theory). He is one of the earliest philosophical treasures in the history of zhizhongwei philosophy to pay attention to ethnic minorities: he also attaches importance to the spread of Chinese Philosophy in the circle of Chinese characters and the influence of the West. In 1918, he published a general account of nuozi studies in Zhou and Qin Dynasties, which is the earliest history of Chinese early philosophy to be sorted out with new ideas and has important historical significance. He has special works on Confucius, Laoyu and Zhuangzi. Laozi's proofreading collected a lot of materials in various editions, so it was unanimously recommended as the best research at the World Conference of Sinologists held in Moscow

Chinese PinYin : Zhu Qian Zhi