Zhang Xingjian

Zhang Xingjian

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Zhang Xingjian (1156-1215 A.D.), with the name of Jingfu, was born in Rizhao (today's Donggang District, Rizhao, Shandong Province). He was a minister of Jin Dynasty and a calendar mathematician.

In the ninth year of Dading (1179 AD), the number one scholar was selected. At the beginning, Ren Yingfeng wrote Hanlin characters. Ding you mourned for a year when his mother died. Stay at home and pay attention to reading. Fu Chu took office again. After Jin Zhangzong wanyanjing ascended the throne, he turned to Xiuzhuan and read Chen Yan's writing. In the first year of the Ming Dynasty (1190 AD), he became Dr. Taichang. Xixia sent a dispatcher, Chen Wei, to offer sacrifices to daxingling hall. Zhang Xingjian said: "Chen Wei is not a special sacrifice. We can't discuss it in court." Tai Fu Tu Dan Kening agreed with him. I think highly of him. He was transferred to Hanlin Xiuzhuan and promoted to Li Bu doctor.

He wrote many works in his life, including 15 volumes of Jingfu anthology, 120 volumes of lilizuan, Huitong, Chaoxian, yizhi, funerals and so on.

Profile

Zhang Xingjian (1156-1215), a native of Rizhao, was named Jingfu. He died in the third year of Zhenyou, Emperor Xuanzong of Jin Dynasty. Zhang Xingjian was born in an official family. His grandfather Zhang Xinqing was a Jinshi in 1151. He has been the editor of the National Museum of history and the author of the Imperial Academy. Buzhen West army Jiedu Deputy envoy, chaosan doctor. His father, Zhang Wei, was a Jinshi in 1160. He has been a doctor of Taichang, a transport envoy of Shandong East Road, a doctor of censor, and a governor of Wu'an army.

Zhang Xingjian was smart and eager to learn. When she was young, she often listened to her father teach classics and history. When she grew up, she was more knowledgeable and talented. In history, he was said to be "brilliant in understanding mechanics and penetrating the history of classics." In the 19th year of Dading (A.D. 1179), Zhongci was the first in Fu. In addition to the Hanlin script, Duan is meticulous. The official is the prince and Taifu. Death, posthumous Wenzheng. Xingjian has 30 volumes of anthology, 120 volumes of zhongzhouji and biography of Jin history. His grandfather, Zhang Shenqing, was the Deputy envoy of the Zhenxi army and the chaosan doctor (the chaosan doctor was called from five grades or below in Tang and Song dynasties). His father Zhang Wei was appointed governor of Anwu army and doctor Taichang (an official specializing in etiquette). Zhang Xingjian was smart and eager to learn. When she was young, she often listened to her father teach classics and history. When she grew up, she was more knowledgeable and talented. In the 19th year of Jin Dading (A.D. 79), he was the number one scholar in the examination and was appointed as the Hanlin literature. Later, due to the death of his mother, he left to watch the funeral for one year. He closed the door and wrote many good articles.

essential information

Zhang Xingjian is smart and studious. When she was young, she listened to her father Zhang Wei's lectures on Confucian classics and history. She stopped late at night every day. When you grow up, you can be outstanding only if you have a broad knowledge of classics and history. In the 19th year of Dading (1179), he was the number one scholar in the imperial examinations and took the post of Hanlin literature. In the first year of Mingchang (1190), Zhang Xingjian was appointed as Dr. Taichang and later as a doctor in the Ministry of rites. He is serious and respects science. At that time, Liu Dao, the commander of the imperial court, used the improved new calendar, and Wang Jing, the king of Wanyan, Emperor Zhangzong of the Jin Dynasty, issued an imperial edict to examine and approve the calendar name by the Academy. Zhang Xingjian believes that this calendar should be retested and given a name only after there are no errors in the future eclipses.

After Jin Zhangzong adopted it, he ordered Dang huaiying and others to return to school. As a result of the test, it was found that there were many mistakes in the new calendar, so it was abandoned. Zhang Xingjian is familiar with the etiquette of the past dynasties. In order to make the officials understand the ancient rules and regulations, he asked to set up two reviewers under Dr. Taichang to give special training to the officials who did not know much about etiquette. He once said: "although there is a collection of rites of the state, there are no books on food and goods, official positions, military punishment and evolution. Begging is sure to show infinite." This attitude of focusing on compiling history books is praiseworthy, and he has set an example himself. Jin Zhangzong trusted him very much. In 1204, the fourth year of Taihe, he issued an imperial edict, saying, "Zhang Xingjian should always be around when he plays."

Life of the characters

Astronomical calendar research

Jane has studied astronomy and calendar. Liu daoyong improved the new calendar, and Zhang Zong issued an imperial edict to change the calendar name by the Academy. Xing jianzou said, "I'm going to go back to school for a test. I'll give you a name when the lunar eclipse is perfect in the future. "Zhang Zong ordered Dang huaiying, the academician of Imperial Academy, to resume school. Huaiying and others found many mistakes in revising the new calendar, and the eclipse time was different. Liu Dao's new calendar is not available.

Ren Tiantai

Later, when he was appointed as the direct Bachelor of Tiantai in tidian, he carefully corrected the new calendar and named it "Taiyi new calendar", which was promulgated and implemented. Xingjian is concerned about the sufferings of the people. In the third year of Ming and Chang dynasties, it was written that in previous years, hungry people abandoned their children or begged to give them away. After that, his parents had enough food and clothing, so they had to recognize it and the officials had to cut it off. Since then, when he was in exile, people refused to accept him and starved to death in the ditch. Nearly all the imperial edicts said, "you can't take it again. This is the way to go. " Zhang Zong was his word, and he issued an imperial edict to save it. Minister of the Ministry of politics and rites, a fellow practitioner of national history. Xingjian is proficient in the study of rites, familiar with the rites of the past dynasties, written to the Tang system of rites, and improved the improper rites. Under the guidance of Dr. Taichang, two reviewers were set up. He who has little experience in the study of general rites should be transferred to a doctor. Then he wrote a book and said, "although there is a collection of rites in the imperial court today, as for food and goods, official posts, military punishment, and history, there is no complete book, so I will beg for it to show infinite." In the fifth year of Cheng'an's reign, he moved to teach a bachelor's degree, studied the history of the country, and promoted the Tiantai as before. It is well known for its simplicity, prudence and secrecy. In the second year of Taihe, he was the Deputy envoy on the birthday of the leader of Song Dynasty. Zhang zongzhao's birthday envoy, Wan Yantang, said: "please don't drink when you cross the boundary. You should listen to Xingjian in everything." "The song people salute at the end of a good deed. Right and wrong should be corrected. It's all in the old way He also said, "it's not polite to hear that the former envoys, who crossed the Huaihai River to the middle stream, fought for ferries by dividing the line. "I'm the one who gave up the boat." He also said to the song emissary, "the two countries have been at peace for a long time, so it is not appropriate to fight for each other. Ding Ning told it, so that I know this meaning In the fourth year of Taihe, Zhang Zong issued an imperial edict: "at the time of every performance, Zhang Xingjian should always be around."

In the fifth year of Taihe period, the ministers were honored as Zhangzong, but Zhangzong was not allowed to. The imperial edict issued a brief reply. Because he asked fan Zu Yu of Song Dynasty to be the threshold of Tang Dynasty, he discussed the honorary title. Xingjian said to him, "Sima Guang also tried to admonish you. Not if the words of Zu Yu are deep enough to say that the son of a minister was born as his father, which is quite tragic. " Zhang Zong said: "Qing answered it with the intention of Zu Yu. His writing is profound and elegant, and it is very popular." In the same year, he changed the order of the heavenly army. Zhang Zong said: "Qing has not experienced the rule of the people. When it comes to Baozhou, the feelings of the people are false, and it's hard to speculate about the death. How to deal with it? " Xingjian said to him, "I abide by the law and dare not violate it. The matter of prison litigation should be observed with emotion. Seal system of public officials, prohibition of arrogant cunning. Calm is the first thing. One in ten thousand. " Zhang Zong said, "if you are in office for half a year or one year, you will get the most benefits." When he went to Baozhou, he wrote: "it's necessary to give land to the army. Those who want to tell others often follow suit, but they have not. Every official field, the people who actually take it. Seizing the other is a dispute. Under my control, more than 300 hectares of land have been allocated to Shenze County, and one-third of the land has been reclaimed. If we know what to do, when we can decide, we can say that we should limit it to months and days, and we are not allowed to tell again. And ordered to protect the state officials at all levels, learned from it. It is necessary to inspect the sand and alkali fields of Hetan to allocate military resources. "

In the sixth year of Taihe period, he was called Minister of rites, concurrently minister and Secretary of national history. In the seventh year of Taihe period, Zhang Zong gave the line by Yuzha. He said: "I read the two kings of Hao and Zheng, and I mistakenly worked in heaven. I have been buried in the countryside for many years. I mourn very much. If you want to recover the former nobility, you should prepare for the ceremony and bury it instead. Qing can read the story of Tang Zhenguan's pursuing the hidden nest and close it to hear. Since this matter has been done, it is reasonable to issue an imperial edict. As soon as the general idea of the imperial edict was reached, it was sealed in. " The bamboo slips are composed of stories about Li Wang of Huainan in Han Dynasty, Ying Wang of Changchu, Jiancheng Prince of Yin in Tang Dynasty, Yuan Ji Wang of Chao Ci, etc. Li Qian, Prince Taibao, the academician of Hanlin, inherited the edict, wrote books and compiled history as before.

Prince Taifu

In the early years of Zhenyou, he became Prince Taifu and was granted the title of Yin Qing Ronglu. I have written a letter to discuss and discuss things. He said briefly: "the Marquis of Donghai County sent envoys to make peace. He thought about the details and could not make a decision. Now the capital is in danger. How can we refuse it. I would like to leave more holy care, including waste and filth, in order to save life. Choose one of the faithful arguments and discuss it. The common people have a few successes, which can relieve the suffering. " He was promoted to the second grade of Hanlin bachelor, and was praised for his simplicity.

In July of the third year of Zhenyou's reign, the imperial court prepared anti autumn weapons and planned to serve as officials both inside and outside the country. Xingjian wrote: "bows and arrows are not universal. He was a poor family and a middle and lower prison official. He was worried about becoming an official and had so-called military weapons. It's not the same as hasty manufacturing. If Suizhou county and mengke, mouke households, choose the best to buy. If it is not enough, it will lose the price. If you don't disturb me, you can do things. "

In the autumn of Zhenyou's third year, Xingjian died in office. As a gift to doctor zironglu, posthumous Wenzheng.

Achievements in the study of Rites

summary

Zhang zongchu ascended the throne, Zhang Xing Jianren went to read Chen Yanwen and Dr. Taichang. Later, he moved to be a doctor and servant of the Ministry of rites. In the fifth year of Cheng'an, he moved to be a lecturer of the Ministry of rites. It complements and perfects the etiquette system, selects and appoints talents and talents of Jin Dynasty internally, and pays attention to maintaining the status of Jin Dynasty as a superior state externally.

Internal

The ritual system of the Jin Dynasty is that "on the birthday of the crown prince, the three divisions, the three gongs, and the officials below the chief executive are in the same class to congratulate him, and the crown prince will accept the salutation again." "Today, the governor of Shangshu Province, Zaizhi, is divided into six classes. Zaizhi, sitting and answering, is also sitting and answering Zhang Xingjian inspected the system of the Tang Dynasty and found that "in the system of the Tang Dynasty, the ministers went to Japan, and all the officials passed the class to express their congratulations, and they were demoted to pay homage." Xing Jian thinks that the etiquette of Zai Zhi's receiving congratulations is more important than that of the crown prince. Zhang Zong immediately adopted Zhang Xingjian's suggestion and asked Cheng Xingjian to draw up a new ceremony. The system of "Zaizhi Shangri, Sanpin Group officials below the ban he, stand up to pay homage" was established.

When it comes to allusions, there are few talents in Jin Dynasty. So Xing Jian suggested that there should be two reviewers under Dr. Tai Chang

Chinese PinYin : Zhang Hang Jian