Zhang Wentao

Zhang Wentao

Zhang Wentao (1764-1814), the word Zhongye, the word liumen, his hometown Suining, Sichuan West there is Chuanshan, because the name. Because he is good at painting apes, he is also called "old ape of Shushan". He was born in Heizigou, Suining County, Tongchuan Prefecture, Sichuan Province in the Qing Dynasty. Poets, Poeticists, calligraphers and painters in Qing Dynasty.

In 1790, Zhang Wentao became a Jinshi in Qianlong. He reviewed the Imperial Academy. He supervised the censor in Jiangnan Dao, Guizhou Dao, Zhejiang Dao, Shanxi Dao, Li Ke, Li Ke. He ordered the censor in Jingji Dao, Li Bu Lang Zhong. In 1810, he served as the magistrate of Laizhou, Shandong Province. Later, he resigned and lived in Huqiu Shantang, Suzhou. In his later years, he traveled all over the country. On the fourth day of March in 1814, he died in his Suzhou apartment. He was 51 years old.

Zhang Wentao wrote Chuanshan Shicao, which contains more than 3500 poems. He is known as the "three masters of Xingling school" in Qing Dynasty together with Yuan Mei and Zhao Yi, and the "three talents of Shu in Qing Dynasty" together with Peng duanshu and Li Tiaoyuan. He is known as "the rebirth of Qinglian", "the resurrection of Shaoling" and "the top poet of Shu in Qing Dynasty".

(Zhang Wentao's colouring image is taken from the first episode of the biography of scholars in the Qing Dynasty, Qing Dynasty, ye Yanlan, and Huang Xiaoquan's painting) < / I >

Life of the characters

Early experience

Zhang Wentao was born on May 27, 1764 (June 26, 1764) in Guantao County, Shandong Province (now Guanxian County, Shandong Province) < / I > < I > beiguantao town) < / I > an official family. At that time, Zhang Gujian was the magistrate of Guantao County and the governor of Guantao County. His ancestors lived in Xiaogan township of Macheng, Huguang, and hongwuzhong of Ming Dynasty moved to Suining. Zhang Wentao visited Junzhou, Jingzhou, Huangzhou and Hanyang with his father since he was a child.

In March 1778, his father, Zhang Gujian, was promoted to be the magistrate of Kaihua in Yunnan. Zhang Wentao stayed in Hanyang with his mother and his family. In September, someone reported that Zhang Gujian was too lenient during his tenure as governor of Jingmen Prefecture, resulting in the case of "lost out" < I > (feudal society judged the case too leniently, which was lighter than the legal standard called "lost out" < / I > < I >). He was forced to leave his job, his property was exhausted, and his house was seized by the powerful officials. The whole family was in trouble. They often ran to borrow money and couldn't afford to light candles for several days.

full of wit

Zhang Wentao was influenced by his family when he was young. Under the direct instruction of his father, he studied with his brother Zhang Wenan and his brother Zhang wenlai. Zhang Wentao read a lot of books, studied famous paintings, studied hard, and showed his talent when he was young. He was regarded as "the rebirth of green lotus". At the age of 15, Zhang Wentao wrote a poem "ambition" to express his feelings. Although the family life is difficult, still tenaciously insist on learning.

In March 1784, 20-year-old Zhang Wentao married the eldest daughter of Zhou xingdai in Fuling, Sichuan Province. In August of the next year, he accompanied his wife Zhou to Sichuan Province by boat. In October, she gave birth to a daughter on the way. Because of illness, Zhou and her little daughter stayed at her mother's home in Fuling. Zhang Wentao wrote many poems in Suining.

In May of the 51st year of Qianlong (1786), bad news spread frequently. Zhou died of illness in Fuzhou, and soon his daughter died. At this time, the family situation of Zhang Jia was even more difficult, sometimes to the point of "only for food and clothing". In the autumn of the same year, Zhang Wentao and his elder brother Zhang Wenan went to Chengdu to participate in the local examination. Because Zhang Wentao's poems are widely copied and famous, Lin Yu (No. Xiya) of Chengdu salt tea ceremony adores his literary talent and betroths his daughter Lin Yunzheng (No. Mingqi, No. < / I > < I > peihuan < / I >) < / I > to him.

In September 1787, Zhang Wentao and Lin Yunzheng got married in the salt and tea ceremony. As a result, there appeared a rare poet named "three brothers and three sisters in law" in his family. That is to say, Zhang Wentao, his brother Wen'an, his brother Wen Lai, his sister-in-law Chen huishu, his wife Lin Yunzheng and his sister-in-law Yang Guxue are all poets.

Official career

In March of 1788, Zhang Wentao went to the capital to take part in the Shuntian rural examination. At the beginning of the next year, Zhang Wentao returned to Sichuan, lived in Chengdu and Suining, and went to Beijing at the end of the year. During this period, he was very proud of his poems. Every place he went, he would have a poem, either to pay attention to historical sites, or to linger on the scenery, and express his great talent.

In 1790, Zhang Wentao, a Jinshi in the Imperial Academy, was selected as a good scholar. During this period, he wrote the most poems, almost one or several every day, and formed a unique style. In the same year of the Imperial Academy, Shi Kaiyu, Hong Liangji and other celebrities made friends with Zhang Wentao and admired his poems.

In March 1793, Zhang Wentao was awarded the Imperial Academy. The following year, he wrote eight essays and twelve quatrains on poems, which reflected Zhang Wentao's poetic style and theoretical system.

In the autumn of the second year of Jiaqing (1797), Zhang Wentao's father was worried. During this period, he traveled to Suining, Chengdu and Beijing, witnessed the reality and wrote poems to expose it. For example, in the eighteen poems on the wall of subaoji County, there are sentences like "jackals and tigers everywhere" and "scorched earth and clouds and withered bones", which deeply exposed the atrocities of officials plundering the people and the sad and desolate scene of "withered bones" society.

In the fifth year of Jiaqing (1800), Zhang Wentao was assigned to invigilate the Shuntian examination in August. The next year, he was instructed to teach the poor and the lucky. In September, he invigilated the Shuntian examination again.

In September of the 10th year of Jiaqing (1805), Zhang Wentao was appointed as the censor of Jiangnan Road and was sent to inspect Nancheng of Beijing.

In the spring of 1809, Zhang Wentao served as the examiners. In July, he was transferred to the Ministry of official affairs and was appointed as a doctor of the Qing Dynasty.

In July 1810, Zhang Wentao became the magistrate of Laizhou, Shandong Province. After he took office, he went to the seven cities under his jurisdiction to understand the people's situation, clear up the accumulated cases, test the students and reward the underachievers. He was honest and upright, tried cases promptly, and did not bend the law for favoritism, which won the hearts of the people. His verdict is concise and penetrating, which is regarded as a model by later generations and has been edited and printed many times. In Laizhou, Yexian County and Jimo County suffered from agricultural production reduction. Pingdu, Changyi, Gaomi, Weizhou and Jiaozhou counties suffered from severe floods. The villages were depressed and people's livelihood was in dire straits. Facing such a reality, Wen Tao felt as painful as skin. He was able to offer relief to the starving people by offering them tax relief and deferred rent. Zhang Wentao disagreed with Shangguan about this. He saw that he could not do anything for the people. He was depressed and depressed all the year round. He fell ill a few years later.

Life in old age

In March 1812, Zhang Wentao resigned because of illness. Before leaving, he was worried about the poor harvest in Laizhou, so he donated his savings over the years to seven hundred stones of grain to relieve the hungry people in seven cities. After his resignation, he wrote a poem and said to himself: "in the past 23 years, he has been a good official. Cloud clothing has been as light as a leaf for a long time, and it's not difficult to get away from it. " When he left Laizhou, he wrote a poem and confessed: "never talk about official affairs, but reorganize the old poetry maniac.". When Zhang Wentao arrived at Wumen, his condition worsened, so he stayed in Huqiu's apartment and called himself "retreat of medicine nunnery". His residence is located near Qingshan bridge, Shantang street, Suzhou, adjacent to Bai Juyi temple, so it is called "Le Tian Tian Sui Lin Wu".

Zhang Wentao was worried for the rest of his life. He worked hard and became ill, but his treatment failed. He died in Suzhou on March 4, 1814 (April 23, 1814) at the age of 51. When Zhang Wentao died, his family was in a depression. His three daughters were not married, and his family was unable to help him return to his hometown. Instead, he was buried in Xuanmu mountain, Guangfu Town, Suzhou. The following year, his children were subsidized by Bao xunmao, Cha Youqi, Wang Daxuan and other friends before they died, and Zhang Wentao was buried in his hometown Suining.

Main impact

Politics

On his way to Laizhou, Zhang Wentao saw that the two prefectures under the jurisdiction of Laizhou Prefecture < I > (< / I > < I > Jiaozhou < / I > < I >, < / I > < I > Pingdu < / I >) < / I > five counties < I > (< / I > < I > Ye County < / I > < I >, < / I > < I > Wei County < / I >, < / I > < I > < I >, < / I > < I > Gaomi < / I >, < / I > < I > < I > < I > < Jimo < / I >, < / I > < I > < I > < I > < I > < I > Changyi < / I >) < / I > all suffered from severe drought and flood, leaving thousands of villages in depression and people displaced. As soon as Zhang Wentao arrived in Laizhou Prefecture for more than ten days, he handled a large number of remaining cases. When Zhang Wentao came into the palace to meet him, Emperor Jiaqing told him that Laizhou government was "difficult for the people to be quiet", which meant that he would be treated with severe punishment and strict law. However, Zhang Wentao did not advocate governing the people with strict laws.

Economically, Zhang Wentao actively invested in finance, always concerned about people's livelihood, and timely relief. When the flood hit Pingdu, Changyi, Gaomi, Weixian and Jiaozhou, five of the seven cities of Laizhou Prefecture, Zhang Wentao visited the people and took measures to reduce the grain tax for the people. He also submitted his case to Shangxian and asked for the release of granary to relieve the hungry people. After the autumn harvest in Laizhou, the relief grain from the province was delayed. Zhang Wentao took the lead in donating seven hundred stones of grain to seven cities, cooking porridge to relieve the suffering of hungry people.

In politics, Zhang Wentao followed the principle of officials, cleared up unjust, false and wrong cases, took the law as the criterion, corrected the corruption atmosphere, did not show partiality for personal interests, did not fear heroism, and was upright. When dealing with difficult and important cases, Zhang Wentao often avoided the ambiguous and most likely false statements, looked directly at the overall situation and started from the case itself. Tao Wenfeng, a resident of Laizhou Prefecture, tried to seize his sister-in-law Ding's family while his younger brother Wenlin was out, and was stabbed to death by Ding's family. The county magistrate couldn't make a decision because of the argument between the two sides. Zhang Wentao studied carefully and finally got the truth: Ding killed Tao Wenfeng in order to prevent Tao Wenfeng's invasion, so he found Ding not guilty. Chang

Chinese PinYin : Zhang Wen Tao