Lu Duan

Lu Duan

Lu Duan (935-may 9, 1000), whose name is Yizhi, was born in anci County, Youzhou (now anci District, Langfang City, Hebei Province). In the early years of the Northern Song Dynasty, he was the prime minister and poet, the son of LV Qi, the Minister of war in the later Jin Dynasty, and the younger brother of LV Yuqing, the minister Zuo Cheng.

Born in an official family, Lu Duan was eager to learn and make progress. At first, he used his father's shadow to make up for the officials. In the Later Zhou Dynasty, it was zuolang and zhishiguan. After the establishment of the Northern Song Dynasty, he learned about Chengdu. When Emperor Taizong of the Song Dynasty was tired, he paid homage to the right counsellors and learned about political affairs. In the first year of Dao (995), he paid homage to the prime minister and became the Minister of the Ministry of household and Tongping. For political knowledge in general, to Qing Jian for the service. Taizong called him "muddleheaded in small matters, but not in big ones". After the death of Emperor Taizong, LV Duan tried his best to defeat the plot and helped Prince Zhenzong ascend to the throne. In the second year of Xianping (999), he became an official as the crown prince.

In the third year of Xianping (1000), Lu Duan passed away, aged 66. His posthumous title is Zhenghui. Two of his poems are recorded in Quan Song Shi.

Life of the characters

Danli Prefecture

Lu Duan's father, Lu Qi, once served as the Minister of the Ministry of war in the later Jin Dynasty. When he was young, Lu Duan was intelligent and eager to learn. At first, he used his father's official position to make up for thousands of cattle. He has successively served as the prince's chief bookkeeper, Taipusi Cheng, Secretary Lang and Zhihong Wenguan, and then transferred to Zhuolang and Zhishi Guan.

In the first year of Jianlong (960), Zhao Kuangyin (Taizu of Song Dynasty) established the Northern Song Dynasty, and Lu Duan was transferred to taichangcheng and zhijunyi counties, and Dingzhou was also judged.

In July of the eighth year of Kaibao (975), Hao Chongxin, an envoy to the West Pavilion, sent an envoy to Khitan. The imperial court granted LV Duan the title of Taichang Shaoqing and served as deputy envoy. In the same year, Lu Duan left zhihongzhou, but before he took office, he became a member of the Department, wailang, and zhichengdu Prefecture, and was granted gold purple clothes. Lu Duan was honest and thrifty, and the people from afar were peaceful.

Repeatedly rejected

When Zhao Tingmei, the king of Qi (later the king of Qin), was appointed as Yin of Kaifeng, LV Duan was called to be a judge of Kaifeng.

In 979, Zhao Guangyi, Emperor Taizong of the Song Dynasty, personally attacked the northern Han Dynasty, and Zhao Tingmei was ordered to stay in Kaifeng. Lu Duan said to Zhao Tingmei, "Lord, you should be the first to follow the guard. Now it's up to you to take charge of the retention business, which is not what you should do. " Zhao Tingmei asked Zhao Guangyi to accompany her. Not long after, Lu Duan was demoted to Shangzhou Si Hu to join the army because he was implicated in the case of illegal trading of bamboo and wood. After he was transferred to Ruzhou, he joined the army and returned to Tai Chang Cheng and sentenced Tai Chang Si affairs.

Later, he went out to know Cai Zhou. Because of his good achievements, he was asked by the officials and the people to stay for a term. Later, he was granted the title of Wai Lang, a member of the ancestral temple, who knew Kaifeng County. He was transferred to Kao Gong Yuan, who also served as the censor and knew miscellaneous affairs. He once served as an envoy to Korea. He was also transferred to Hubu doctor, to Taichang temple and Liyuan, then to Shaoqing of Dali, and later to Youjianyi doctor.

When Zhao Yuanfu, the king of Xu, was appointed as Yin of Kaifeng, Lu Duan was appointed as his judge. After the death of Zhao Yuanfu, it was reported that he was confused by his concubine Zhang and made him do more illegal things. Lu Duan was demoted to Wei Wei Shaoqing because of his failure to assist. Soon after, he was restored to his old post and became a privy. A month later, he became a political counsellor and vice minister.

On the stage

Although Lu Duan did not make great achievements in his previous official positions, his calm, calm, magnanimous and general ability of official administration has become increasingly known. Zhao Pu, the prime minister, once praised LV Duan and said, "when I see LV Gong playing, I get the emperor's praise, but I can't see him showing pride; when I am frustrated by others, I can't see him showing depression or fear. His joy and anger are beyond words. What a talent to be a prime minister Later, Zuo Jianyi's official Kou Zhun was also promoted to be an official. Lu Duan asked to be under Kou Zhun, and Taizong immediately granted LV Duan the title of Zuo Jianyi, who was above Kou Zhun. Taizong favored LV Duan and often summoned LV Duan alone in the side hall to discuss for a long time. After that, Lu Duan was promoted to minister of the Ministry of household affairs and Minister of Pingzhang.

Lu Duan is handsome, generous, loyal and forgiving, good at making friends, good at righteousness, light money, good at giving. He had outstanding talent in handling affairs and politics, which was gradually loved and valued by Emperor Taizong of Song Dynasty. As early as when LV MENGZHENG was Prime Minister, Taizong had the idea of reusing LV Duan. When Taizong discussed with others that he intended to appoint LV Duan as prime minister, he was opposed by some court officials, who thought LV Duan was "confused". Taizong according to his years of experience, immediately said: "Lv Duan small confused, big not confused." In fact, this time has been firm in the appointment of Lu Duan as prime minister. At that time, Taizong also wrote a poem about fishing, two of which were written like this: "if you want to reach the depth of the golden hook, you must be a fisherman." The meaning of this poem is that there is no dispute about the appointment of Lu Duan as prime minister, and the position of prime minister is not for him. A few days later, Taizong asked LV MENGZHENG to change his position to be an official, while LV Duan went to be a minister and Minister of the Ministry of war, and officially became prime minister. Lu Duan was 60 years old when he worshipped him. Taizong once regretted that he was too late in reusing Lu Duan.

After he became prime minister, Lu Duan was prudent, fair and honest, and won high praise from all sides of the court. Most of the memorials that Taizong heard were commendatory words. Of course, he had a better impression of LV Duan.

In order to balance all aspects of relations, especially the use of Kou Zhun, Emperor Taizong, fearing that Lu Duan's official position would be higher than Kou Zhun's, which would make Kou Zhun feel aggrieved, adopted a temporary transition as an expedient measure. Taizong asked Kou Zhun, who was then a political adviser, and Prime Minister Lu Duan to "detain ban Zhiyin in Japan and ascend to the political affairs hall together.". That is to say, let LV Duan and Kou Zhun take turns in charge of the prime minister's office every other day. They are equal, while Taizong observes from the side.

At that time, many memorials were sent to the central government, and there were various opinions in the central government, but there were different opinions. There was no decisive opinion, "only duanhan built it." After a period of observation, the palace paid Taizong's personal admonition: "from now on, the official business must pass through Lu's examination, but we can hear it." This edict is undoubtedly Taizong's greater trust and reuse of LV Duan. Lu Duan felt that this was the end of the matter. No matter how modest he was, it would be inappropriate. So he gladly obeyed his orders and performed his official duties. In fact, at this time, Lu Duan really became a real prime minister with position and power. So that a few years later, Lu Duan's reputation spread far and wide, and spread to future generations, known as the first generation of prime minister.

Support Zhenzong

In February of the third year of Zhidao (997), when Taizong was seriously ill, the eunuch Wang ji'en secretly connected with Li Changling, a political adviser, Li Jixun, a commander in front of the palace, and Hu Dan, a zhizhigao. Together with his wife, empress Li, he planned to establish Zhao YuanZuo, the eldest son of Taizong, in an attempt to launch a coup.

On March 29, Lu Duan went to the palace to ask about his illness. At this time, Taizong was in danger. Lu Duan saw that there were only Wang ji'en and empress Li around Taizong, but not Zhao Heng. He worried that things would change, so he wrote the word "Dajian" on Wat and asked his cronies to give it to Zhao Heng so that he could enter the palace as soon as possible.

After the death of Taizong, Queen Li asked Wang ji'en to come to Zhongshu province to inform LV Duan. Knowing that there was a change, Lu Duan stepped out of the pavilion and locked Wang ji'en in the Chinese painting and calligraphy pavilion with his backhand, and sent someone to guard him. He came to Wansui hall from Zhongshu province. Based on Taizong's wish and empress Li's theory, he made him silent. Finally, he supported Zhao Heng to ascend the throne, which was for song Zhenzong. After Zhao Heng ascended the throne, he hung the curtain to introduce the ministers. LV Duanping set up the steps of the hall and asked the courtiers to roll up the curtain. He went to the hall and examined it. He confirmed that it was Zhao Heng who retired and lowered the steps of the hall. He led the officials to pray "long live".

In the summer of the first year of Xianping (1998), because LV Duan was not ill for a long time, Zhenzong issued an imperial edict to exempt him from the daily ritual of worship. If you have something to do, you need to communicate by letter. In October, Emperor Zhenzong granted LV Duan the title of crown prince. Three hundred days after taking leave, Zhenzong still ordered a secretary to pay him. Later, Zhenzong visited LV Duan in person. At that time, he was seriously ill, and Zhenzong comforted him.

Died in Bianjing

On the third day of April in the third year of Xianping (1000), Lu Duan died at the age of 66. The imperial court bestowed the posthumous title of "Zhenghui" on Sikong, and granted his wife Li's name as the wife of the state of Jing. He appointed his son Lu Fan as the prince Zhongshe, Lu Xun as the judge of Dali, Lu Wei as Qianniu Bei, and Lu AI as the governor of the palace.

Main impact

Lu Duan played an important role in the process of Emperor Taizong's passing on the throne of Zhenzong. At the beginning of Zhenzong's accession to the throne, the stable political situation was inseparable from LV Duan. He was very steady and experienced in dealing with the people who supported Zhao YuanZuo group. He first asked Li Jilong, the younger brother of empress Li, to be his envoy, to show his respect and leave Chenzhou. Then, Lu Duan punished Wang ji'en more severely (resettled in Junzhou) and Li Chang Ling more severely (demoted to Zhongwu army SIMA) on the charge of Wang ji'en and Li Chang Ling handing over and asking for "divulging forbidden language". In dealing with Hu Dan, the secretary general, he only said that he drafted the imperial edict "quite recklessly" and had slander words. He was removed from his name and exiled to Xunzhou. The handling was also biased. But in dealing with it, Lu Duan did not point out that they were offended by supporting Zhao YuanZuo, and all the people except Wang ji'en were lenient.

Historical evaluation

Zhao Pu: I'm not happy when I watch LV Gong's performance. I'm not afraid when I'm frustrated. It's not like words. It's a real auxiliary tool.

Zhao Guangyi: first, you should be confused about small things, but you should not be confused about big things. ② It's so vast, so kind. He supported Wang Zuo's great talent and met the great expectations of human relations. You can see the sun and cool again. It is praiseworthy to send strange soldiers to the temple and ask for advice. When we seek justice properly, we can see the bow of bandits. He is also well-known in general, knows more about the old chapters, uses obscure but clear, and stands upright. Wang Shang was thick and heavy, which was far more awed than Qiang Rong; Xie Fu was empty, which could be regarded as elegant and popular. It is appropriate to practice the position of Gongtai and allow Fu Shi Yin to look forward to it.

Zhao Heng: a wise man is a wise man. Mao tongyinliang is a brilliant scholar.

Zeng Gong: his posture is magnificent, and he is well-known. He has been rejected many times, but he didn't pay attention to it.

Mr. Zhang: Mr. Lu Zhenghui is graceful, generous and generous,

Chinese PinYin : Lv Duan