Sun Simiao

Sun Simiao

Sun Simiao (541-682, controversial, see "age dispute" in the text for details) was born in Beijing Zhaohua (now Yaozhou District, Tongchuan City, Shaanxi Province). It is said that he was the descendant of Chu doctor Qu Yuan, a pharmacist and Taoist in the Tang Dynasty. He was honored as the "king of medicine" by later generations.

In 541, Sun Simiao was born into a poor peasant family. He was very clever since he was a child. When he grew up, he began to love Taoism and Taoism. In the first year of emperor kaihuang of Sui Dynasty (581), Sun Simiao lived in seclusion in Zhongnan mountain of Shaanxi Province and gradually gained a high reputation.

Sun Simiao attached great importance to the folk medical experience, constantly accumulated visits, timely recorded, and finally completed his book Qianjin Yaofang. After the establishment of the Tang Dynasty, Sun Simiao accepted the invitation of the imperial court and cooperated with the government to carry out medical activities. In 659, Emperor Gaozong of Tang Dynasty completed the first National Pharmacopoeia "new materia medica of Tang Dynasty".

In the first year of Shangyuan (674) of Emperor Gaozong of Tang Dynasty, Sun Simiao was ill and asked to return to his hometown. Yongchun first year (682), died.

(the overview chart is from China Internet News Center, Chinanet < / I > < I >) < / I >

Life of the characters

Talent and intelligence

Sun Simiao was born in 541, the seventh year of Datong in the Western Wei Dynasty. He said that "when he was young, he suffered from cold weather and made medicine many times. When he was young, Sun Simiao was thirsty for learning and had a wide range of knowledge. But later he was ill and often asked for medical treatment. He spent a lot of money, so he decided to become a doctor.

Sun Simiao was a good reader and intelligent boy. When he was 7 years old, he knew more than 1000 words and could recite thousands of words of articles every day. According to the old book of the Tang Dynasty, Du Guxin, the Minister of the Western Wei Dynasty, attached great importance to Sun Simiao and called him "Shengtong". When he was 18 years old, he made up his mind to study medicine. "He was quite aware of it, because his relatives and neighbors who had diseases and misfortunes at home and abroad would benefit more.". At the age of 20, he can talk about the theories of Laozi and Zhuangzi, master Taoist classics, be known as the "Saint child", and begin to treat his neighbors.

Practice Zhongnan

During the reign of emperor Jing of the Northern Zhou Dynasty, Yang Jian took charge of the government and called Sun Simiao to be a doctor of the state. Sun Simiao had no intention of official career and fame. He thought that being a senior official was too sophisticated and could not be arbitrary. He resolutely refused to accept it and devoted himself to medicine.

In 581, Sun Simiao lived in seclusion in Taibai Mountain. On the one hand, he made great efforts to study medical works; on the other hand, he personally collected herbs and studied pharmacology. We have carefully studied the Huangdi Neijing, Shanghan Zabing Lun, Shennong Bencao Jing and other ancient medical books. Meanwhile, we have extensively collected folk prescriptions and enthusiastically treated people's diseases. We have accumulated a lot of valuable clinical experience. From theory to practice, and then from practical experience, he extracted new achievements in medical research, and wrote medical works "Qianjin Yaofang" and "Qianjin Yifang" with all his life.

Entering Beijing in response to the imperial edict

After Emperor Taizong ascended the throne, he called Sun Simiao to Chang'an, the capital of China. When he saw that his 70 year old man could look like a young man, look like a young man, and walk like a young man, he sighed and said, "so, a man of virtue is really worthy of respect! There are people like Xianmen and guangchengzi in the world. How can they be empty words? " Taizong wanted to confer Sun Simiao a title of nobility, but he refused and went back to the countryside to cure the people.

In the fourth year of Emperor Gaozong's Xianqing reign (659), Sun Simiao was received to the imperial capital and paid homage to the admonishment doctor. Although he stayed in Chang'an this time, he still didn't want to be an official. Because of his affection, he recommended his apprentice Liu Shenwei, saying that his apprentice was eager to learn, young and promising. Gaozong agreed and immediately arranged Liu Shenwei to enter the Taiping Hospital.

In the first year of the Shang Yuan Dynasty (674), Sun Simiao was very sick. Please return to his hometown. Gaozong gave him a good foal and other things, as well as the residence of the late Princess Poyang. At that time, famous scholars such as song Lingwen, Meng Shen and Lu Zhaolin all respected Sun Simiao and waited for his teacher's courtesy to serve him.

Retreat to Wutai

Sun Simiao devoted himself to writing books all his life. In his later years, he lived in seclusion in Wutai Mountain (Yaowang mountain), his hometown of jingzhaohua (now Yaozhou District, Tongchuan City, Shaanxi Province). He devoted himself to writing books until the year of Baishou, and did not interpret the volume.

In the first year of Tang Yongchun (682), Sun Simiao died at the age of 142. Leave a will: bury lightly, don't burn those paper objects in the underworld, and don't kill livestock when offering sacrifices.

Main achievements

Medical skills

Sun Simiao is not only good at internal medicine, but also good at Gynecology, pediatrics, surgery and ENT. For the first time in traditional Chinese medicine, it advocated that the treatment of women's and children's diseases should be divided into separate departments. In the book, it first discussed gynaecology and pediatrics, and declared that it was "the meaning of respecting the origin". He attached great importance to maternal and child health care, and wrote three volumes of "women's prescription" and two volumes of "prescription for children and children", which ranked first in "Qianjin Yaofang". Under his influence, future generations of medical workers generally pay attention to the treatment of gynecological and pediatric diseases.

Sun Simiao attached great importance to the prevention of disease, emphasizing the prevention first point of view, adhere to the method of syndrome differentiation, that if people are good at taking care of life, they should be free from disease. As long as "a good doctor guides it with medicine and stone, and saves it with injection", "the body shape has diseases that can be cured, and heaven and earth have disasters that can be eliminated". He also put forward the idea of "not forgetting death, not forgetting danger" and emphasized that "it is better to regulate qi, tonic and reducing, massage and guide every day, and not to take health as usual." He advocated emphasizing personal hygiene and sports health care, and put forward the idea of disease prevention and treatment of combining food therapy, drug therapy, health care, nourishing nature and health care.

Sun Simiao attached great importance to the study of common diseases and frequently occurring diseases. For example, people in mountainous areas are prone to goiter (commonly known as thick neck) due to lack of iodine in food. He thinks that this disease is caused by the unclean water quality in the mountains, so he uses the thyroid gland of marine plants and animals such as seaweed to treat it, which has a good effect. He made a detailed study of beriberi. First of all, he put forward that taking rice bran porridge often can prevent beriberi. The medicine he chose to treat beriberi is rich in vitamin B < sub > 1 < / sub >, and the effect is very good. In the long-term practice, Sun Simiao also summed up specific prescriptions for dysentery, tapeworms, night blindness and other diseases. When living in Taibai Mountain, Sun Simiao collected medicinal materials and studied their properties. He believed that it was very important to collect herbs at the right time. The time for collecting 233 kinds of Chinese herbal medicines was determined based on his rich pharmaceutical experience.

Sun Simiao also had a lot of research on acupuncture and moxibustion. He wrote the picture of acupuncture and moxibustion in Mingtang, which used acupuncture and moxibustion as an adjuvant therapy. He believes that "the way of a good doctor is to first diagnose the pulse and prescription, then acupuncture and moxibustion, and to help both inside and outside, the disease will be cured." We should actively advocate comprehensive treatment of diseases.

In the process of studying medicine, Sun Simiao mixed sulfur, saltpeter and charcoal to make powder, which was used to make fire and alchemy. This is the earliest formula of gunpowder in the existing literature in China. He described the method of making Fu Huo sulfur in his article "the method of Fu Huo sulfur in Dan Jing".

Sun Simiao also summed up the diagnosis methods of good doctors: "if you want to be bold, you want to be small; if you want to be wise, you want to be square." "Boldness" means to be confident and temperamental like a valiant man; "smallness" means to be as cautious as walking on thin ice and falling on the edge of a cliff; "wisdom" means to be flexible and flexible in case of trouble, not to be rigid, but to have the ability to defeat the enemy first; "action" means not to be greedy for fame and profit, and to have a magnanimous mind.

In clinical practice, Sun Simiao summed up a lot of valuable experience, such as "Ashi point" and "taking pain as acupoint", treating night blindness with animal liver, treating endemic goiter with sheep's thyroid, and preventing beriberi with milk, beans, millet skin, etc.; for pregnant women, it is suggested that their residence should be clean and quiet, their mood should be comfortable, and they should not be nervous during labor; for pregnant women, it is suggested that they should not be nervous during labor For infants, it is suggested that regular and quantitative feeding should be carried out, windy days should be seen more often, clothes should not be worn too much, etc. These propositions are still of practical significance today.

Sun Simiao had a profound research on classical medicine, attached great importance to folk prescription, devoted his whole life to medical clinical research, proficient in internal medicine, external medicine, gynecology, pediatrics, facial features, acupuncture and moxibustion, and had 24 achievements, which created a precedent in the history of Chinese medicine, especially in discussing medical ethics, advocating Gynecology, pediatrics, acupuncture and moxibustion.

1. Qianjinfang is the first encyclopedia of clinical medicine in Chinese history, which is highly praised by foreign scholars as "the treasure of mankind".

2. The first person to discuss medical ethics completely.

3. The first person to advocate the establishment of gynecology and pediatrics.

4. The first leprosy expert.

5. The first invention of finger comparison method.

6. The first to create a color painting of three people in Mingtang.

7. The first to promote beauty medicine to the public.

8. The first to establish Ashi acupoint.

9. The first one is to enlarge the number of odd points and to select and compile acupuncture prescription.

10. The first proposed compound treatment.

11. He was the first to put forward diversified external treatment of dental diseases.

12. The first person who proposed to use herbal medicine to feed cattle and use its milk to treat diseases.

13. He was the first to put forward "acupuncture and moxibustion can be used, both acupuncture and medicine" and "health Moxibustion".

14. The first person who systematically, comprehensively and concretely discussed the cultivation, collection and collection of drugs.

15. He was the first to put forward and test the wild drug variety successfully.

16. The first processing method of Rehmannia glutinosa and croton detoxification.

17. The first use of placental powder.

18. The earliest use of animal liver to treat eye diseases, animal liver is rich in vitamin A.

19. He was the first to treat beriberi, and he was the first to use the bark of the foot to cook porridge to prevent the recurrence of beriberi and beriberi. It was 1000 years earlier than the Europeans. The bark of the foot of the foot is rich in vitamin B1.

20. Arsenic (realgar, etc.) was first used to treat malaria, 1000 years earlier than Fowler's made of arsenic in England.

21. First

Chinese PinYin : Sun Si Miao