Jiangmei

Jiangmei

Jiangmei is a kind of wild plum, also known as wild plum. In ancient times, it was all wild. It often grew in the desolate and cold places of mountain streams and waterfront. Later, it was cultivated in the transplanted garden. The flowering period of Jiangmei is early and late, but there are more early flowering varieties. Some Jiangmei varieties have smaller petals and longer filaments, which can form beautiful flower patterns with long whiskers.

Because Jiangmei is differentiated from Guomei, many varieties of Jiangmei still keep the habit of bearing fruit, and become a kind of flower and fruit plum with both ornamental value and edible value. Fan Chengda's "Mei Pu" in Song Dynasty: "Jiangmei is a kind of wild plum which has been left nuclear and has not been planted. It is also called zhijiaomei, or wild plum. This is the essence of all the cool and desolate scenery of the waterfront in the mountains. The flower is a little small and thin with rhyme. The fragrance is the clearest. It's really small and hard. " In Yuan Dynasty, Zhang Yu's Ode to the boat on Yushan Mountain: "Jiangmei's cottage is in accordance with the thatched cottage, and the stone Laise splashes the jade sand." In Qing Dynasty, Zhang xizuo wrote a poem entitled "the picture of a beautiful woman's year and Dynasty": "harmony is scattered in the forest and the house is full of plum blossoms." Chen Yinmo's poem "spring in the jade chamber" said: "I see Jiang Meifa again, empty drunk just round the bottom of the cup."

morphological character

Small trees, sparse shrubs, 4-10 m high; bark light gray or greenish, smooth; branchlets green, smooth, glabrous. Leaf blade ovate or elliptic, 4-8 cm long, 2.5-5 cm wide, apex caudal tip, base broadly cuneate to round, margin often small acute serrate, gray green, pubescent on both sides when young, gradually falling off when growing, or only pubescent in axillary veins below; petiole 1-2 cm long, hairy when young, falling off when old, often glandular. Flowers solitary or sometimes 2 in 1 bud, 2-2.5 cm in diameter, strongly fragrant, opening before leaves; pedicel short, 1-3 mm long, often glabrous; calyx usually reddish brown, but some varieties of calyx green or greenish purple; calyx tube broadly campanulate, glabrous or sometimes pubescent; sepals ovate or suborbicular, apex obtuse; petals obovate, white to pink; stamens short or slightly pubescent Longer than petals; ovary densely pilose, style short or slightly longer than stamens. The fruit is nearly spherical, 2-3cm in diameter, yellow or greenish white, pilose and sour; the flesh adheres to the core; the core is oval, round at the top with a small protruding tip, tapered at the base, slightly flat on both sides, slightly obtuse at the ventral edge, with obvious longitudinal grooves on the ventral and dorsal edges, and honeycombed holes on the surface. The flowering period is winter and spring, and the fruiting period is from May to June (in North China, the fruiting period extends to July to August).

Distribution range

It has been cultivated in all parts of China, but most of them are in the south of the Yangtze River Valley. There are also a few varieties in the north of Jiangsu and the south of Henan. Some varieties have been successfully introduced in North China. Japan and North Korea also have.

Main value

Garden View

Jiangmei can be planted in gardens, green spaces, gardens and scenic spots, or in front of houses, on slopes, between stones and roadsides. With strong fragrance, early flowering, pure and elegant, Jiangmei is an important ornamental flower in winter and spring. Plum blossoms are often used to express feelings, which is a common phenomenon among civilized nations. Plum blossom symbolizes the spirit of perseverance, indomitability, courage and self-improvement. It also symbolizes happiness, happiness, longevity, smoothness and peace. It has strong and universal appeal and impetus, and is often praised by poets. It can also be used as bonsai and cut flowers to beautify the courtyard environment.

cultivation techniques

Jiangmeixi has a warm climate and its flowering period is particularly sensitive to climate change. Jiangmeixi has high air humidity, sufficient sunshine, good ventilation, less strict requirements on soil, barren resistance and no fear of cold. Tree species live long. Light soil, sandy soil and rich humus are the best soil for cultivation. Jiangmei type plum usually has one flower and one fruit, but it has not seen the phenomenon of one flower with two fruits (Yuanyang plum) and one flower with three fruits (Pinzi plum). the grafting method is often used to propagate Jiangmei, and the rootstock is the best. It can also be used for sowing, layering and cutting. The open field cultivation of Prunus mume should be on sunny or semi sunny slope. Jiangmei has no strict requirements on soil. The soil is loose and fertile, with good drainage. It is not afraid of cold and can endure the temperature of - 15 ℃. Seedlings can be cultivated in garden soil or rotten leaf soil. Less fertilizer was applied in the growing period. as the seeds of Jiangmei type are well seeded and have high germination rate, the garden units that need to propagate plum can select some Jiangmei type plum as the mother tree for seed collection.

Plant culture

symbolic meaning

Jiangmei has a single petal with five petals in white, pink and red, and its calyx is purple or purple green. Some Jiangmei varieties have smaller petals and longer filaments, which can form beautiful flower patterns with long whiskers. Jiangmei type plum is the most common one with one flower and one fruit, which has important ornamental and medicinal value. Plum blossom, also known as "five blessing flowers", symbolizes happiness, happiness, longevity, smoothness and peace. It is the spiritual symbol of the Chinese nation.

Citation explanation

A wild plum blossom. Bihu written by Zhang Mi of Tang Dynasty: the little barrier is bright with Golden Phoenix, and the secluded screen is full of green moss. Baozheng horizontal plug geese, resentment flute Jiangmei. Fan Chengda's Mei Pu of Song Dynasty: "Jiangmei is a kind of wild plum which has been left seeds and has not been planted. It is also called zhijiaomei, or wild plum. This is the essence of all the cool and desolate scenery of the waterfront in the mountains. The flower is a little small and thin with rhyme. The fragrance is the clearest. It's really small and hard. " In Yuan Dynasty, Zhang Yu's Ode to the boat on Yushan Mountain: "Jiangmei's cottage is the place where the stone Laise splashes and washes the jade sand." In Qing Dynasty, Zhang xizuo wrote a poem entitled "a picture of a beautiful woman's years and Dynasties": "harmony is scattered in the forest and the house is full of plum blossoms." Shen Yinmo's poem "the spring of the jade tower" says: "I see Jiangmei's hair again, and the empty drunk is just round the moon at the end of the cup."

Ancient poetry

In Song Dynasty, Wang Shipeng, Jiangmei, and the garden were all in a state of decline, and ice and snow were suitable for each other. forecast spring news, the first flower. Du Fu, Tang Dynasty, Jiangmei, meiruila, qianpo, meiruila, many years later. If you know that spring is good, what are you worried about? the snow trees are of the same color, and the river breeze is of its own wave. The hometown is not visible, but the Wu Xiu is gloomy and rugged. Notes: La: the twelfth month of the lunar calendar. Jue Zhi: extremely understanding. Guest sorrow: the sorrow of living in a foreign land. Yuan: connect "Yuan", originally. Hometown: the old homeland refers to the hometown. Wu Xiu: Wushan Xiu, the peak. The mountain is steep. The plum blossom blooms before December, and it blooms the most in the second half of the year. Although we know the spring is good, how can we make up for the sorrow of living in a foreign land? Snow and winter trees are the same color as before, and the wind on the river seems to dance its own waves. It's hard to see my hometown again. The towering and rugged Wushan mountain will never be seen again.

Chinese PinYin : Jiang Mei