Li e

Li e

Li e (from June 16, 1692 to October 17, 1752) was born in Qiantang (now Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province). He was a famous poet and scholar in the Qing Dynasty and the backbone of the West Zhejiang CI school.

In the 59th year of Kangxi (1720), when Li Fu presided over the rural examination in Zhejiang Province, he saw Li e's examination paper and greatly appreciated it. Li e was elected in that year. After entering Beijing, Tang you once appreciated poems, but he failed to pass the examination. In the first year of Qianlong (1736), he was recommended by Cheng Yuanzhang, governor of Zhejiang Province, to take part in the examination of "erudite Hongci". In the course of the examination, he mistakenly put Lun in front of Shi, and then he failed again because it was out of order. Since then, he has never been an official.

Li e had a high attainments in CI and was a representative of the middle period of CI school in Western Zhejiang. On the issue of CI school, he praised the Southern School of Song Ci headed by Jiang Kui and Zhang Yan, and belittled the Northern School of Song Ci headed by Xin Qiji. Li e takes "Qing" and "Ya" as the standard of CI. He advocated that in terms of artistic features, CI should be meaningful, clear and graceful, and that in terms of implication, CI should appropriately express the author's pure feelings and express his lofty aspiration without vulgarity. His and Zha Weiren's "wonderful good CI Jian" has become the most influential work in promoting Southern Song Ci after Zhu YIZUN's "Ci Zong". In addition, li e was also good at writing poems, especially five character poems. In the biography of scholars in Qing Dynasty, it is called "profound and pure poetry, cutting off the stream of people, and creating its own school outside Xincheng (Wang Shizhen) and Xiushui (Zhu YIZUN)" Li e was familiar with the anecdotes of song and Yuan Dynasties.

Li e is the author of fan Xie Shan Fang Ji, Song Shi Ji Shi, Liao Shi Shi Shi Shi Shi Shi Shi Shi Shi Shi Shi Shi Shi, Dongcheng Zaji, and Southern Song zashi Shi. Among them, "Miscellaneous Poems of the Southern Song Dynasty" was noted by many books, which attracted a lot of attention.

Li e is the forefather of Li Sheng Jiao, a famous diplomat and international law master, and the first generation of Li family in Hangzhou.

Life of the characters

Early life

Li e was born on the second day of may in the thirty first year of Kangxi (June 16, 1692) and died on September 11, the seventeenth year of Qianlong (October 17, 1752). His ancestors lived in Cixi, Zhejiang, and later moved to Qiantang. Grandfather Da Jun, father wizard, are all cloth clothes. He ranked second, brother Shitai and disciple Shan. When he was young, his father had died and his family was poor. The whole family depended on Shitai selling tobacco for a living. Forced by his family life, he was almost sent to the temple by Shitai. After that, he insisted on not becoming a monk.

Seek knowledge and make progress

Although life was hard, li e had a strong thirst for knowledge. He worked hard and said, "if you study for several years, you will learn poetry and have good sentences.". Later, he dabbled extensively in "reading everything, and all he got was used in poetry". When he was weak, he traveled from hangke'an. Shijun, the son of Ke'an, was 4 years younger than him. He called Ke'an a gentleman and made close friends with Shijun. He is eccentric and not familiar with the world, but he is fond of traveling. "Every time you encounter a scenic spot, you will go up to it with a drum. When you are involved in it, you will have eyes. When you see it, you will know your heart.". The landscape of Jiangsu and Zhejiang inspired his heroic poetry, and the charming scenery enriched his wonderful imagination. In the embrace of nature, the poor son quickly grew into a poet.

This young poet seems to be dissatisfied with the social reality, but there is nothing he can do. He thought that "it's better to ask the sky and scratch the head than to look at people with white eyes", so he imitated the ancient poetry style and expressed his thoughts and feelings by singing about immortals. In the 49th year of Kangxi (1712), li e wrote a hundred poems about immortals, and soon he wrote a hundred poems about immortals. These two poems are fresh and elegant, but the poet still feels that the words are not enough. In 1713, he wrote another hundred poems about immortals, which was praised by his friends. He was also complacent and said, "in the past, Xie Yi wrote 300 butterfly poems, which people called Xie butterfly. Is it true that those who know me will take giving as a way to be immortal

Teaching students

In 1714, li e was employed to teach Wang's two children, Wang Pu and Wang hang, in Tingyu building. Here, he was treated with courtesy, food and housing were taken good care of. The Wangs are strict with their children, and li'e is also a teacher. From 1953 to 1718, he was a teacher in the Wang family. Under his professor, Wang Pu and Wang hang have made great progress in their studies. Wang hang, in particular, became a famous scholar and was always grateful to his mentor.

Be an official in the examination

In the 59th year of Kangxi (1720), li e participated in the rural examination, and the examiner was Li Fu, a cabinet bachelor. In the examination, Li Fu saw his test paper, read his thank-you list, and exclaimed, "this must be a poet!" Admit immediately. After the mid-term examination, li e boarded the boat and went north to prepare for the capital examination. At this time, he is less than 30 years old, is the first time into the capital, excited mood can be imagined. Along the way, he wrote more than 10 poems. However, his interest in sightseeing along the way seems to be stronger than his hope that he will try Chinese style. In the poem "feelings in the snow of Guangling mansion", he wrote: "indulge in the Zhu Zhu Zhu Zhu Zhu Zhu Zhu Zhu Zhu Zhu Zhu Zhu Zhu Zhu Zhu Zhu Zhu Zhu Zhu Zhu Zhu Zhu Zhu Zhu Zhu Zhu Zhu Zhu Zhu Zhu Zhu Zhu Zhu Zhu Zhu. I'm indifferent in my life, but I'm not fond of glory and profit. Smile, cloud music, Mingfa difficult to give up. This is to touch the empty bag and turn it into an old friend. Because of the poverty of thinking at home, wandering is still high. Shushuxi covers sleep, shuhuaxiang breaks nose. The paper Pavilion is not very wide. It is separated from the flying dust. Because of the question of the hometown, Nanhu trouble send word

In the capital, li e's poems were appreciated by Tang youzeng. After Li e's spring report, you once served the wine attentively, cleaned up the couch, and sent someone to greet li e and invite him home. After Li e got the letter, he left without saying goodbye. The next day, when youzeng invited him, he had already gone away. "The saying is that he is a corporal who serves his brother, but he is also a virtuous man. Fan Xie is not familiar with people.". On his way home, li e wrote a poem and sighed: "once upon a time, the road to the pavilion was just like the beginning. Shame on the Lord's father, rest on the retreat of the book. Liu Fu, the swallow in the pond, and the fish in the river. There's no need to mourn Chu jade. I'll forget my home. "

Make friends with scholars

After returning to his hometown, li e was more interested in traveling and reciting poems. With the spread of the name of the poem, he became friends with more literati. He was very close to Zhou Jing, Jin Zhizhang, Fu Zeng and Jin Nong. He often wrote words together and wrote poems for fun. Jia Er, brother of Ma yueguan and Ma Yuelu, a salt merchant in Yangzhou, is fond of Confucianism. He is addicted to ancient books, friends and mountains and waters. His family has a rich collection of books. Scholars and celebrities came to visit one after another. Li e also visited each other every year and became a frequent visitor of the Ma family. In Ma's xiaolinglong mountain Museum, he discussed freely and read a lot of books.

He joined the Hanjiang poetry club with Ma brothers, hang Shijun and other Zhejiang poets, and sang in harmony with them. During the reign of Yongzheng, Quan Zuwang passed by Hangzhou and made friends with li'e and hang Shijun, and became a friend of the poetry society. They discussed classics and history together, researched anecdotes, wrote poems and sang harmony. From the last years of Kangxi to the early years of Yongzheng, li e wrote eight volumes of the Southern Song Dynasty Yuan Hua Lu, four volumes of Qiulin Qin ya, two volumes of Dongcheng Za Ji and one volume of Hu Chuan Lu. Together with Shen Jiazhe, Wu Zhuo, Chen Zhiguang, Fu Zeng, Zhao Yu and Zhao Xin, he wrote seven volumes of the Southern Song Dynasty Miscellaneous Poems.

In 1731, Li Weifeng, governor of Zhejiang Province, compiled the general records of Zhejiang Province. Li e, hang Shijun and other 28 people were employed as the sub repairmen. With the efforts of Li e, hang Shijun and others, the general annals of Zhejiang Province "began to be edited in the second year of Yue Dynasty, and it's another year since then.".

Second place

In the first year of Qianlong (1736), Cheng Yuanzhang, the governor of Zhejiang Province, recommended 18 people to learn Hongci, including Li E and hang Shijun. However, li e had no intention of taking the exam. Quan Zuwang specially wrote a letter from the capital to persuade him to "encourage him with the emperor of Viola". Under the advice of his friends, li e went to Beijing again. Among them, li e's poetics is outstanding. As hang Shijun said: "among the candidates, I, Shi you, are the best in the world. Taihong's poetry, Zhiwei's ancient prose, Shaoyi's textual research, and chuanxue's pursuit of modern times are rare. " Unfortunately, in the exam, li e mistakenly wrote the theory in front of the poem and failed again. Friends all sigh for this, but he said faintly: "I have no official feelings, now I have a quiet and lazy nature. I will serve my old relatives with water, and I will finish my wish."

He died in poverty

After returning to his hometown, li e was very poor and ill because he had no skill to cure his life. In the summer of 1737, the second year of Emperor Qianlong's reign, he coughed and panted, and gradually recovered in autumn. In 1740, he moved to Dongcheng and suffered from foot disease. In the old days, although the literati had a hard life, they still had concubines. In 1741, Zhu manniang was ill, and li e pledged to pay for the medicine. Finally, due to ineffective treatment, she died in the first month of 1742. After that, li e was more weak and suffered from lung disease, toothache and other diseases. During this period, his life was barely maintained by gifts and subsidies from his friends. Because he was old and childless, Ma yueguan helped him to take concubine Liu Ji again. However, Liu Ji was not content with poverty and soon left him.

In his later years, although he was poor and ill, his writing reached a climax. He was impressed by the simplicity of the history of Liao Dynasty. He collected more than 300 books and wrote 24 volumes of the collection of Liao history. This book is annotated and supplemented. It takes the old history as the outline, while referring to other books, it is listed below. If there are similarities and differences, they should be analyzed and verified. He often compared himself with Pei Songzhi's notes on the annals of the Three Kingdoms. He also made use of a large number of anthologies of Song people he saw in xiaolinglongshan Museum, and quoted poetry talks, Shuobu, Shanjing, Haizhi and other books to write a 100 volume chronicle of Song poetry.

Main works

Academic works

Song Shi Ji Shi and Liao Shi Shi Shi Shi Yi are two of Li e's masterpieces, which are well received by people of that time. The general catalogue of Sikuquanshu commented:“（

Chinese PinYin : Li E