Xu Xuan

Xu Xuan

Xu Xuan (916-991), the word Ding minister. From the Five Dynasties to the early Northern Song Dynasty, he was born in Kuaiji (now Shaoxing, Zhejiang). His father, Xu Yanxiu, was born in Guangling (now Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province) because of his family.

At the age of ten, Xu Xuan was able to write a composition and did not travel around. He is as famous as Han Xizai and is called "Han Xu". At the beginning of his career, he served as a scholar. He also served as the three leaders of the Southern Tang Dynasty, including Li Guan Zhi Zhi Gao, Zhongshu Sheren, Hanlin bachelor, and Li Bu Shangshu. After that, Li Yu returned to the Song Dynasty, where he served as an official, known as "xuqi province". At the beginning of Chunhua, he was demoted as the marching Sima of Jingnan army.

Xu Xuangong Yu Shu, good Lisi Xiaozhuan, and his younger brother Xu Kai have a literary name, and refined primary school, known as "Jiangdong erxu". During the reign of Yongxi (984-987), ShuoWenJieZi was jointly revised by an imperial edict, Ju Zhongzheng and Ge Tuan, and 19 new words were added to the text. In addition, it was not included in the original book because of the inheritance of classics and the common use. 402 words were attached to the text, which is known as "Da Xu edition". He also participated in the compilation of Wenyuan Yinghua, with 30 volumes of anthologies and several volumes of skepticism. Xu Xuan has made great achievements in philology, poetry and prose creation. His works are included in the whole Tang Dynasty literature, the whole Tang Dynasty poetry and the whole Song Dynasty literature.

Life story

Xu Xuan was born in Kuaiji (now Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province). His father, Xu Yanxiu, was a Shaoyin in guanjiangdu, so he moved to Guangling. At the age of ten, Xu Xuan was a literate and lived in the side of Qixia Temple. At the beginning of the Southern Tang Dynasty, Li Guan, the imperial historian, led Geng Ling, and served on a regular basis.

In the seventh year of Kaibao (974), Zhao Kuangyin ordered Cao Bin to attack the Southern Tang Dynasty. Xu Xuan had twice sent Li Yu to Song Dynasty to seek peace. He told Taizu, "Yu is your majesty, just like a son is your father. Without any fault, how can you see the attack?" Taizu said, "do you think father and son are divided into two families?" Hyun can't be right. In November, Xu Xuan and Zhou Weijian played again. Xu Xuan said, "Li Yu didn't accept the imperial edict because he was ill. He had no courage to refuse the edict, and begged to postpone the army to serve the whole nation." His words were very sincere, and he argued with Taizu, and his voice became sharper and sharper. However, Zhao Kuangyin raised his sword and denounced Xu Xuan: "don't say much! What's the crime of Jiangnan monarch? It's just a family name. I can't sleep on the side of my bed! " Xu Xuan did not dare to say any more.

After the death of the Southern Tang Dynasty, he followed Li Yu to visit Taizu of the Song Dynasty. The officials are tired, and they are always on horseback. He is erudite and versatile. One elephant is killed, but he can't get the gall. Hyun said: "in front of the left foot for it." The result is good. When he called Xuan, he said to him, "the elephant gall is in full with the four seasons. Now it's February, so I know it."

Xu Xuan had been instructed to revise Shuowen Jiezi with Ju Zhongzheng, Ge Tuan and Wang Weigong. In 986, he completed and distributed the work in engraving. He was known as "Da Xu Ben" in the world. He also compiled Wenyuan Yinghua and Taiping Guangji. In 978, Xu Xuan visited Li Yu at the command of Emperor Taizong of Song Dynasty. Li Yu sighed: "I killed pan you and Li Ping by mistake. I regret it so much!" Xu Xuan retreated and told him. Emperor Taizong of the Song Dynasty was so angry that he gave Li Yu to commit suicide. In the second year of Chunhua (1991), he was falsely accused by Daoan, a demon monk in Luzhou, and was relegated to Sima (belonging to Yingzhou) as a commander of Jingnan March. On August 26, "when I got up in the morning, I had a square crown, and I quickly asked for my pen and hand to restrain my future affairs. I also said," Tao is the mother of heaven and earth. " He was seventy-six years old

Main achievements

ancient Chinese prose

Xu Xuan's articles inherited the style of parallel couples in the late Tang Dynasty, but his physique was lonely and beautiful. He wrote the epitaph for Li Yu, which was recorded in Song Wen Jian. He has 30 volumes of qishengji (collection of Xu's official documents), which was compiled by his son-in-law Wu Shu. The first 20 volumes were written when he was an official in the Southern Tang Dynasty, and the last 10 volumes were written after he entered the Song Dynasty. There are 30 volumes of Huang pilei's proofread manuscripts and 1 volume of appendix. Xu Naichang, a modern man, carved the song edition with one volume of supplement and one volume of collation. There are also "Xuejin Taoyuan", "Jinzhuo Secretary" and so on. Xu Xuan is fond of talking about gods and monsters. Kuai Liang, a disciple of Jiangdong Buyi, is over ninety years old. He is very boastful. All his words are recorded in jishenlu.

In the Southern Tang Dynasty, Xu Xuan was as famous as Han Xizai as Han Xu, and he was proficient in philology with his younger brother Xu Kai. He once revised ShuoWenJieZi together with duzhongzheng, and added 19 words to the text, and added 402 words to the back of the text. The book revised and supplemented by them is called "Da Xu Ben".

Calligraphy

Xu Xuan was good at calligraphy, liked lisixiaozhuan and excelled in official script. Ouyang Xiu of Song Dynasty wrote in Jigu Lu Bawei · Taiyi mountain carved stone: "in the past, Xu Xuan was famous for Xiaozhuan in the south of the Yangtze River, and Zheng Wenbao's disciples were also famous for learning from him." Feng Wu of the Qing Dynasty, in his book the true story of calligraphy, said that "he is good at small seal script, which can be seen from the sun. In the center of the painting, there is a wisp of thick ink. As for the twists and turns, there is no deviation; the brush peak is straight down, so the front is often in the painting." Heilongjiang Provincial Museum has his fragments of seal script with thousand characters (copy of Song Dynasty). Xu Xuan's running script is also well-known. His masterpiece "private letter" is now in the Palace Museum in Taipei. The structure of the whole book is stable, but it does not lose interest. The style of calligraphy is implicit and natural, which is the first time for people in Song Dynasty to advocate the style of calligraphy.

Poetry

Xu Xuan's poems are simple, straightforward, natural, free from dangerous rhymes and strange words, which are quite close to Bai Juyi's poetic style. His poems, such as demoted officials leaving Qinzhou for the city, sending the king back to Dongdu and sending Gaoyou to Chen Langzhong, all come from the heart. It is said that Xu Xuan is quick in writing and thinking. He often doesn't like to write in advance. When someone wants to invite him to write an article, he will write it immediately. Xu Xuan once said that "the speed of writing makes the meaning strong, and the slowness makes the body weak" (Jun Zhai Du Shu Zhi). Therefore, his poems are more fluent than deep. However, there are also some meaningful sentences, such as: "well springs are born in the earth, rootstocks and pestles are born in autumn" (Xi Li Shaobao Bu Lin Shi), which shows that his thoughts are far away and meaningful.

Anecdotes and allusions

Jiangzuo, the famous work of "three Xu", is well-known about China and North Korea, especially qishengxuan. Huijiang Zuo Shi Xuan came to repair tribute, for example, sent officials to escort his companions. The court officials were afraid that their words were not enough, and the prime minister was difficult to choose. Please come to Yizu. Yizu said: "Gu Tui, I choose." Youqing, Zuoyu (eunuch) preached to xuandian Qiansi, with ten illiterate servants in the hall to enter by name. Chen pen points one of them, say: "this person can!" In the court, they were all surprised. Zhongshu didn't dare to reply to the invitation. The waiters in the hall didn't know why, but they went there. When he crossed the river, Shi Xuan's words were like clouds. He was stunned by the onlookers, but he could not answer them. He was only the one who had nothing to do with them. After living for a few days, I was tired and silent. (from Feng Menglong's "think tank" in Ming Dynasty)

The story is that Xu Kai, Xu Xuan and Xu Xi, a native of Jiangning, are known as "three Xu". They are well-known in Jiangnan, and they are all famous for their erudition and learning. Among them, Xu Xuan is the most famous. Once upon a time, it happened that Jiangnan sent Xu Xuan to pay tribute. According to the Convention, it was necessary to send officials to supervise and accompany him. The ministers of the central court were timid because their eloquence was not as good as Xu Xuan. Even the prime minister could hardly find a suitable person to deal with Xu Xuan, so he asked song Taizu for instructions. After hearing this, song Taizu said, "you step down for the time being. I'll choose a suitable person myself." After a while, the eunuch publicized the imperial edict and asked him to report the list of ten illiterate waiters in front of the palace. After reading it, Taizu pointed one of them and said, "this person is OK." The whole court was astonished. The prime minister did not dare to ask for further instructions, so he urged the ordered people to leave immediately. The palace waiter, who was ordered by the imperial pen, somehow sent him as an envoy, but without any explanation, he had to cross the river. At first, Xu Xuan's words were so sharp that the onlookers were stunned, and the waiters couldn't cope with them, so they had to keep nodding. Xu Xuan didn't know his depth and insisted on talking with the waiters. They stayed together for a few days, but the waiter still didn't answer Xu Xuan. Xu Xuan was exhausted and didn't say a word any more.

Xu Xuan loved the way of incense, and he was also a master of incense making. On a moonlit night, he sat in the atrium, burned a good incense, and accompanied the moon with a clear heart. He called this kind of incense "accompanied by the moon". It is mainly composed of chentan, Guanxiang, Suhexiang, jitongxiang, cardamom, rutin, baimaoxiang, etc. With the strict compatibility of moon fragrance, we pay more attention to the processing and harmony of fragrance. Its fragrance is quiet and elegant, its fragrance is far away, and its fragrance lasts for a long time. It is suitable for study room, Zen room and reception room.

Character evaluation

The history of the Song Dynasty: simple in nature, without desire, straight in quality, without affectation.

Li Mu: two Xu (Xu Xuan, Xu Kai) article, two Lu (Lu Ji, Lu Yun) can not and also!

personal works

A survey of poems

Fenghe and Wang Xianggong ascended Xuzhou City in early spring, made the ball by Fenghe, sent Xuanzhou magistrate Qiu, Zhuyu poem, Guanji Wang Huazhu, paid Chen Yuan, sent Demai Taoist Yuzhang, returned Xiangyi daozhongzuo, sent Chen Mi Jian back to Quanzhou, made Zhuyu by Fenghe, forbidden mid crescent moon, sailed in autumn, sent Pinghua to Wangming's house, sent Yan Xianggong's peony, sent gaoshe's envoy Lingnan, and fangtaizhou On the 10th, he and Zhang Shaojian wrote about Ziyang temple, Baihe temple, and weichi Zan's remote residence in autumn and dusk. He sent them to Jingxian County, where they lived high, to sun Zunshi at Biyan Pavilion, to Jurong Zhang Shaofu at Baihe temple, to Taoist Xi, and to Yuchi Zan Zhang Shangshu created a new Taoist temple, sent Peng Xiucai, sent Xu Langzhong, Shezhou magistrate and Shexian County, sent Zhu Xianwei Luling, moved Raozhou to bid farewell to Zhou Shijun, sent Huang Xiucai Gushu to make an appointment, sent Zhengchu and Ezhou bianlangzhong to visit the north corner of Fugui mountain, sent Xun daoren to Jian'an, sent Peng Xiucai to travel south, sent Liu Sizhi to Zai, sent huangmeijiang Mingfu, sent Xue Shaoqing to Qingyang, and Xiao

Chinese PinYin : Xu Xuan