Huang junzai

Huang junzai

Huang junzai was a dramatist and writer in the middle and late Qing Dynasty. He was born and died in Huai'an, Jiangsu Province from 1826 to 1895.

Profile

A Zhenjun, word Zaiping, bochi Shannong, alias tianhesheng. He is "good at Ci Fu but not in arts" and "never met in his whole life." he lost his spouse in his middle age and did not talk to himself He is the author of four legends of biyulou. One of them is twelve red, which is famous for exposing the long-standing malpractice of the governor's office of Nanhe. The golden pot seven ink records the precious historical materials about the Opium War during the tour. It is a famous note. The theorists think that "the view of novel, the view of Zi Shu, the view of history book and the view of Jing Shu are all right." There are also "biyulou manuscript", "Tan binglu" and so on.

Personal experience

Huang junzai Daoguang was born in Huai'an in the sixth year in a scholarly family with a long history of study and academic fame. He has lived in banzha town for a long time. The great ancestor Taijiao, whose word is Yunfu, is a strange man in feudal society. He built a "yiyuelou" in his hometown, studied the classics and history, and wrote "four pioneers". In 1783 (Qianlong guimao), Huang Tingdong, his grandfather, and Huang Yibing, his uncle, whose name was Weiwen and Shaoxia, were called "Zhun Du Shang Feng Yi". In 1808 (Jiaqing Wuchen), he was called "Jiaqing Dingchou (1817), who had learned about the county in a big way, admonished his mother in the Tang Dynasty that" you can't do anything because of your hyperactivity, so the officer changed the golden chamber. " (continued compilation of Shanyang County annals) later, he abandoned his official duties and became a "filial son" praised by the emperor. His father Yili (1791-1838), also known as Dounan, also known as tianhezhun, was a tribute to the emperor during Daoguang's reign. He was "devoted to filial piety and friendship, learned from his work, poetry and calligraphy, and won the God of Ouyu", "devoted to the study of people's livelihood, rivers, rivers, rivers, rivers, rivers, soldiers, agriculture, and border water conservancy, but did not pay attention to it". He also enthusiastically wrote the book of "listen to the stories of modern times and the important events of song and Yuan Dynasties" Autumn Pavilion draft. It's a pity that "when he died early in middle age, he didn't reach his ambition, and all the people in the family lamented.".

Huang junzai is the youngest of three brothers. He lost his mother when he was two years old. But his grandmother maintained a large family of poems, books and hairpins. He can still get the caress of his elders and the warmth of his family In the spring and Autumn period, my uncle and father lived by offering wine cups. They ordered my brothers to recite books. When they were given fruit seeds, they were complacent. In their childhood, Kuang Wei was like the present. However, it didn't last long. "After only three years, I suffered a lot." in particular, my father died when I was 13 years old. During the three years, 12 people in the big family died one after another. From then on, the family fell into a slump.

Huang junzai was not interested in the imperial examination when he was young. He once wrote: "if you are good at Ci Fu, you will not be happy with making arts (i.e. Eight Legged prose), making arts can not express your spirit. First, you should write with benevolence, righteousness and morality. If you open your mouth, you will be able to improve your mind. Second, you can't be ashamed. Third, if you are not comfortable, you can't feel comfortable "It's not." "Poetry, CI and music, made by taking advantage of the mood, can express one's own thoughts. Because of Huang junzai's cynicism, although he was "erudite and capable of writing", his fate was bound to be "no match" in the feudal society where intellectuals had no alternative but to take the road of "imperial examination". Daoguang Jiyou (1849) was elected as Bagong and got the discipline post of Fengxian County. He was in office for many years. He did his best to reward his postgraduates. Later, he traveled to Jiangxi, Anhui, Nanjing and other places. He had extensive contact with the society and accumulated materials for his later literary creation. Huang junzai "lost his spouse in his middle age, but he didn't talk to himself". He soon died of depression, about in the early years of Guangxu.

Representative work twelve red

Huang junzai's opera works include the legend of biyulou, with the titles of twelve red, guanchengchun, menghuma and yuanyangyin. In the Qing Dynasty, Shanyang and Qinghe were the locations of the water transport and river yamen, and the banzha was equipped with "huaiguan". The positions of these yamen were "fat and short". Huang junzai experienced the four dynasties of Daoguang, Xianfeng, Tongzhi and Guangxu in the Qing Dynasty. At that time, the Qing government suffered from political corruption, economic collapse, official corruption, loss of public wealth, extravagance and waste, full of malpractices, and many shady scenes. Especially for river works, the imperial court allocates 4.2 million taels of funds every year. In case of serious disasters such as flood over the river embankment, additional expenses can be added. In fact, the amount of silver that is really used for water control is only three to four times of ten, and the rest is squandered by big and small officials. According to historical records, in the 28th year of Daoguang (1848), the Yangtze and Huaihe rivers were plagued by torrential rain and famine, "the canal was decided by qingshuitan, Dongxiang Dashui" ("rebuilding Shanyang County annals") and the river officials did not care about the lives of the people. "Pu listed shops, prostitutes' houses and song halls were as noisy as ever.". The merchants and scoundrels in the city take the river governor yamen as their target. As long as they get involved with the river workers, they will find a way to make money. Daoguang years, a river governor "Ji concubine many, the most favored three.". Taking these three people as the axis, it involves monks and nuns, actors, prostitutes and hairdressers. "There are two people in ten, so there are twelve red eyes." as long as river workers, merchants and petty officials can establish a relationship with "twelve red", they can do everything easily. If they are promoted, they will get rich. Huang junzai once met Zhang, a native of Jiangxi Province, in Qinghe. Zhang had been a guest of the river governor's office for many years and knew the inside story of the official office. According to the materials provided by Zhang and his own experience, he wrote the legendary play twelve reds with a 16 fold discount.

The purpose of Huang junzai's twelve Reds is to expose "the accumulated abuses of Nanhe", to criticize the extravagance of officials and the corruption of officialdom, and to hope that "the gold will be used for propaganda and prevention, and the iron will be cast for a long dike". However, the author's wish could not be realized in the dark feudal society. What's more, the advisor turned out to be a liar. He used to borrow the script to blackmail Lihe Tongzhi. At that time, the officials of big and small river workers were afraid that the dark curtain would be exposed, and there were many people who coveted the "wealth and shortage" of river workers at that time. On the one hand, the incumbent paid a lot of money to bribe the imperial censor in the court, on the other hand, he sent someone to contact with Zhang to bargain. After Zhang got two hundred taels of silver, he fled every day. But the bookish Huang junzai did not know about it. Huang junzai later learned about the scam. In a fit of anger, he set the script and some friends' poems on fire.

Although the legendary "twelve red" did not achieve the expected effect, it should be affirmed that it dared to point the spearhead directly at the influential River officials and attack the current malpractice with the theme of real life.

Representative work "seven inks in golden pot"

Jin Hu Qi Mo is a novel written by Huang junzai, including eight volumes of Lang Mo, four volumes of Dun Mo, two volumes of Yi Mo, one volume of drunken Mo, one volume of Xi Mo, two volumes of tear Mo and Cong mo.

Huang junzai's life was full of ups and downs, and his works "between Gengshen and Xinyou (1860 and 1861) were destroyed by the soldiers, and Bingyin (1866) Gaoyou canal was destroyed, and then damaged by the water." He himself "does not clean up, listen to its scattered in the cobweb." (preface to the seven inks in the golden pot) in 1872, friends Liang Jin and Yang Zhangwu took the place. Please publish it. However, Huang junzai said: "nothing in the world is better than the passing of wind and clouds, mirror light, stone and fire without leaving. I can meet it as it is. That is to say, I can write about it as it is. It's not enough to show my knowledge by laboring people!" this is probably his lament of being poor and helpless. Qimo records Huang junzai's "astonishing and astonishing things" during the 40 years from the Jiawu reign of Daoguang (1834) to Guiyou reign of tongzhi (1873), and describes his "joys and sorrows" in his life, which has strong reality and literariness.

The battle of Wusong, which took place in 1841, was an important event in the history of the Opium War. Huang junzai was a witness of the battle when he was a Fengxian educator. He recorded the lamentable deeds of Chen Huacheng's fighting against the British army and spilling blood on the fort, and revealed the shameful faces of Liangjiang governor and Zhijun niujian who "heard that victory was coming out" and fled hastily after being bombarded by the enemy. What is particularly valuable is that in the section of Wu Song Cong Si, the heroic martyrdom of ordinary soldiers is written, which is a rare historical material.

In the section of Yueshi mistakenly winning, it is written that the Qing army "took the thief unprepared and ordered to go to war at night" and burned the civilian ships. However, it reported that "four foreign boats drowned, and many of them died". It lied that it "won". The "commander" did not investigate and verify, but "congratulated each other in the room, and the officials knew how to celebrate". The result was "Yan Ran of the foreign people" and "little officials were promoted", and the people suffered. It can be seen that the corruption of the Qing government and the fatalness of the officials.

Li Guotai in dunmo tells the story of Shanghai People's spontaneous union to punish the British aggressor and his running dog Li Guotai. “…… At that time, the British captured people in Shanghai, and the villagers sold cloth and rice. Those who walked alone were often plundered. After several months, hundreds of people were lost, and many children were lost. In high glee, loudly dressed in Town God's Temple, the British people went to watch the drama, and the British went to see Li Guotai. Armed with weapons, the common people "burst forward, attacked with pain, broke their stomachs, and were dying." the angry masses "rushed to the Catholic Church, fell down on its walls, destroyed its utensils, and threatened that no one would ever stop.". The British couldn't ask for it from the government, and the Qing officials couldn't either: "I can't forbid the resentment of the common people." The British had no choice but to hand over the arrested people. However, the people who were captured in the church were all skinny because of their suffering. "They were dumb, and they could not tell who they were." the villagers cried when they saw it, and the arrested also cried. " aggressor

Chinese PinYin : Huang Jun1 Zai