Song Xiang
Song Xiang
Song Xiang (February 13, 1757 - January 22, 1827) was born in Baidu Township, Jiaying Prefecture, Guangdong Province (now Meixian District, Meizhou City, Guangdong Province). Minister, poet, calligrapher and educator in Qing Dynasty, one of the eight sages in Meizhou.
In the 57th year of the reign of Emperor Qianlong (1792), Jieyuan was examined. In the fourth year of Jiaqing (1799), Jin Shiji was awarded the title of editor of Hanlin Academy. He served as the lecturer of Fenghu Academy in Huizhou and Yuexiu Academy in Guangzhou. He successively served as the school manager of wenyuange, the editor in chief of the National History Museum, the chief examiner of Sichuan and Guizhou provincial examinations, and the magistrate of Yongchang in Guangnan, Qujing. He moved to Liangdao, Hubei Province. He died on December 25, 1827 at the age of 71.
Song Xiang, with his elegant literary style and excellent poetry and calligraphy, made outstanding contributions to the country and the people. Together with Yao Desheng, Ding Richang, Qiu Fengjia, Zhang Bishi, Li Huitang, Huang Zunxian and Luo Xianglin, he was called "eight sages of Meizhou" and praised by Emperor Jiaqing as "the first talent of Lingnan". Poetry reflects the social reality, natural scenery and inner world of the Qing Dynasty. It is one of the three major poets in Lingnan in the middle of the Qing Dynasty. Good at calligraphy, good at cursive, magnificent style, representative works "Boya Qintai inscriptions" and "five Farewell Poems", vigorous and unrestrained.
(the portrait of song Xiang is taken from the first episode of biography of scholars in Qing Dynasty, collected and copied by Ye Yanlan in Qing Dynasty, and painted by Huang Xiaoquan) < / I >
Life of the characters
begin to display one 's talent
Song Xiang was born in Xianghu village, Jiaying Prefecture, Guangdong Province on December 25, 1757. His father is a private school teacher. At the age of seven, he studied in the mengguan school and was very intelligent. At the age of nine, he was able to write and speak.
In the 33rd year of Qianlong reign (1768), song Xiangying took the first place in the Jiaying children's test. The next year, he took the first place in the children's examination.
From 1770 to 1778, song Xiang was studying and farming at home.
In 1778, song Xiang went to jiayingzhou school. In the same year, he was a scholar in the examination of government officials and politics. Later, he studied in Guangzhou Yuexiu Academy. In the Academy, song Xiang, a quick thinker, studied hard and achieved excellent results, and soon came to the fore among the students. Every time the literary theory made in class was pasted on the wall for exhibition, tongshe was surprised at Song Xiang's works, believing that they were written by the ancients, and was praised by teachers and students as "Qi Ji in Wen". Because his family was poor, song Xiang still had to sell his articles after school, and his business was prosperous. The paper he was asked to write was often full of desks and chairs. However, song Xiang, who is romantic by nature, is not satisfied with food and clothing. His "romantic talent" habit is revealed from time to time, and he often goes in and out of the restaurant. After graduating from Yuexiu academy, he first studied in the Zhengjia Dehui hall in Xiangshan, and then went to Chen Guisen's school to continue to study for the exam.
Failure of imperial examination
In the autumn of 1792, at the age of 37, song Xiang took part in the local examination, and then he won the first place and became Jieyuan. So he resigned from the school and returned to Jia to prepare for the examination in Beijing. In the winter of the same year, song Xiang went to Beijing for the examination and failed. On the seventh day of his appointment, he sent people to the capital to meet song Xiang and live in Sanhe county. He lived for three years. During this period, song Xiang studied hard and actively prepared for the exam, hoping to go to high school next time.
In 1795, song Xiang failed in the examination and returned to Sanhe county to study as a guest. The next year, song Xiang returned to Beijing to take a teaching position in Jueluo School of Xianghuang Banner. He made a living on his monthly salary of 2000 yuan and two stone meters. As far away as Jiaying, his wife and children still need to be educated by his father.
In the first year of Jiaqing (1797), the Enke examination was held, and song Xiang took part in it for the third time. At this time, song Xiang began to taste the bitterness of life. He fell into the second place one after another, lived alone in a foreign land, and lived in poverty. The main works of his first poetry collection, buyijuzhaiji, were created at this time.
become a great man
In the fourth year of Jiaqing (1799), song Xiang, 44, took part in the imperial examination for the fourth time. Finally, he got his wish. He was the 11th Jinshi in the second grade and was awarded the Imperial Academy scholar. This is one of the important turning points in his life.
After entering the Imperial Academy, song Xiangchang and Chen Shouqi, Bai Rong, Huang Mingjie, Zhao Zaitian and other scholars in the same year recited poems. In October of the same year, song Xiang, who had been in the Imperial Academy for a short time, asked for leave to go back to his hometown to visit his parents, wife and children. Unfortunately, before he arrived home, his father died at home. From 1799 to 1801, song Xiang stayed in Jiaying to watch his father's funeral. During the period, he visited Li Ruqian in Chaozhou and made friends with him.
Lectures in Huizhou
In 1801, at the invitation of Yi bingshou, the governor of Huizhou, song Xiang taught at Fenghu Academy in Huizhou. Fenghu Academy was founded by Yi bingshou. Song Xiang and Yi bingshou worked out the rules and regulations of Fenghu Academy. Song Xiang was the head of Fenghu Academy for two years. "He and Yi bingshou often called the students together to talk until late at night. In each class, he often wrote one or two essays for demonstration, so he became the second collection of Hongxing Shanfang essays."
Song Xiang loved the scenery and customs of Huizhou West Lake very much. Besides teaching in Fenghu academy, song Xiang was fond of landscape. He often visited the West Lake scenic spots and visited Dongpo old relics. Although a family of eight is raised by teaching, they live a miserable life. Sometimes they have to eat ten porridge to get a meal. They even have to take off their winter clothes and pawn to meet the urgent needs during the Chinese New Year. However, they still enjoy themselves in spirit. They are respected by people, feel comfortable and have a lot of poetic thoughts. Here he wrote a lot of poems, incorporated them into his own poetry collection, and left a lot of ink. In Song Xiang's poetry anthology, there are two volumes of Fenghu caoman and Fenghu Xucao, both of which were written during his two years as the mountain commander of the Academy. Song Xiang lived in Huizhou for two years and wrote 195 poems, with an average of nearly 100 poems per year. Besides Su Shi, Tang Geng and Jin Shi, Yu Hui's works can be combined into a special collection.
In the seventh year of Jiaqing (1802), the BOLUO Heaven Earth Society Uprising broke out in Huizhou. Song Xiang left Huizhou to avoid the local war, fled to Chaozhou to avoid disaster alone, and returned to Huizhou only after the winter uprising was suppressed. During the period of refuge in Chaozhou, he wrote several poems in harmony with brothers Li Ruqian and Li Yiping. This uprising led to the resignation of Yi binghuan, the governor of Huizhou, who song Xiang regarded as a bosom friend. Then, song Xiang left Fenghu Academy.
In charge of Yuexiu
The governor of Guangdong, Hutu, once hired scholar Tang fan to take charge of Yuexiu Academy. Tang fan left because of the cold reception of the new governors, such as woshibu and sun Yuting. In the eighth year of Jiaqing (1803), Wu Qian, the governor of Guangzhou, invited song Xiang, who had been laid off at that time, to take up the post. At the age of 48, song Xiang returned to Yuexiu academy, where he studied as a child, and took charge of the teaching chair as the president. Song Xiang gave lectures in Yuexiu Academy for two years. In the winter of the ninth year of Jiaqing (1804), he went north to Beijing and resigned as a teacher.
When song Xiang was lecturing Yuexiu academy, Feng MINCHANG was also in charge of Yuehua Academy. The distance between the two academies was no more than one kilometer. Therefore, the two went through each other, discussing literature, poetry and art, and singing with each other. After Feng MINCHANG's death, Liang Chong, his disciple, came to Beijing with Feng's manuscripts. Weng Fanggang, Wu Songliang, Qin Ying, Chen Shouqi, song Xiang and others in Beijing were invited to select more than 400 poems, namely the collection of poems of Xiao Luofu thatched cottage.
Official career in the imperial court
In the spring of the 10th year of Jiaqing (1805), song Xiang returned to Beijing, returned to the Imperial Academy from vacation, took part in the examination of scattered library, and was awarded the title of editor of the Imperial Academy. Song Xiang began his nine-year life of "youyou Yantai". In addition to Jiaqing 12 years (1807), 13 years (1808) were sent to Sichuan, Guizhou, the rest of the time in the capital. After that, he successively served as the school manager of wenyuange, the president of Xian'an palace, the editor in chief of the National History Museum, the scholar, the two biographies of Wenyuan, and the teacher.
Although this was the second time song Xiang stayed in Kyoto, his situation was completely different from that of the first time. In addition to the normal official duties, every day he would make friends with other Hanlin scholars and make friends with them. So it was the most proud and comfortable day in his life, but it was also the most quiet day in his poetry creation. Because of his monotonous life and narrow circle of communication, song Xiang's poems in this period were poor in content, empty in style, and even he did not want to preserve them. After screening, the only works included in the collection were "remaining Shen in Yantai", a total of 57.
Traversing Yunnan officials
In August of 1813, song Xiang, 58 years old, was released as the magistrate of Qujing, Yunnan Province. He left the boat and boarded the car all the way south, passed Anshun, and went out of Panxian county. He was full of hardships along the way. He wrote many poems sympathizing with the sufferings of the people, which were included in nanxingcao. For example, when he arrived at the shengjingguan pass at the junction of Guizhou and Yunnan, song Xiang inscribed on the wall of the post station the inscription on the wall of shengjingguan pass in southern Yunnan.
From the winter of the 18th year of Jiaqing (1813) to the fifth year of Daoguang (1825), song Xiang lived in Yunnan for about 13 years. In addition to being the magistrate of Qujing, he also acted as the deputy of Guangnan, Dali, Yongchang, Yixi, Yinan Daoyin and so on. He often traveled between Pingba in Haizi and deep mountains and poor valleys, bowed his ambition and tried to do good things for the local people. He has made great achievements in official administration, which is the most important period in his life. There are records in biographies of Qing Dynasty, general annals of Guangdong and annals of Jiaying Prefecture. In Yunnan, song Xiang managed floods, planted forests, set up education, eliminated banditry and so on. His actions not only solved the urgent needs of the people, but also promoted the development of local productivity and production technology, and changed the poor and backward face of Yunnan to a certain extent. In addition, it is beyond the records“
Chinese PinYin : Song Xiang
Song Xiang
